人教版八年级英语下册1-5单元知识梳理

八年级（下）新目标英语重点短语及句型总汇

Unit 1 Will people have robots?

1.fewer people 更少的人（fewer修饰名词复数，表示否定）

2.less free time 更少的空闲时间（less修饰不可数名词，表示否定）

3.in ten years 10年后（in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon）

4.fall in love with…爱上…

5.live alone 单独居住feel lonely 感到孤独

6.The girl wa lked alone along the street, but she didn’t feel lonely

那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独

7.keep/feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪

8.fly to the moon 飞上月球

9.hundreds of +复数数百/几百（概数，类似还有thousands of; millions of）

10.the same as 和……相同

11.A be different from BA与B不同(=There is a difference/

There are differences between A and B)

12.wake up 醒来（wake sb. up表示“唤醒某人” ）

13.get bored变得厌倦（get/become是连系动词，

后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited等）

14.go skating 去滑冰

（类似还有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding等）

15.lots of/a lot of 许多（修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以）

16.at the weekends 在周末

17.study at home on computers 在家通过电脑学习

18.agree with sb. 同意某人(的意见) I don’t agree. = I disagree.

19.on vacation 度假help sb with sth/help sb do sth

20.different kinds of goldfish 许多不同种金鱼

21.live in an apartment住在公寓里live on the twelfth floor 住在12楼

22.live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路332号

23.as a reporter 作为一名记者look smart 显得精神/看起来聪明

24.Are you kidding? 你在骗我吗in the future 在将来/在未来

25.no more=not …anymore不再（强调多次发生的动作不再发生）

26.no longer=not… any longer不再（强调状态不再发生）

27.besides（除…之外还，包括）except =but（除…之外，不包括）

28.be able to与can 能、会

（be able to用于各种时态，而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中；have to用于各种时态，而must只能用于一般现在时态）例如：

a I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages.（不可以用can）

b had to stay at home/ will have to （不可以用must）

be big and crowded 大而且拥挤be in college 在上大学

29.live on a space station 住在空间站

30.dress casually 穿得很随意casual clothing 休闲服饰

31.win the next World Cup 赢得世界杯

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cf6750082.html,e true 变成现实take hundreds of years花几百年的时间

33.be fun to watch 看起来有趣over and over again一次又一次

34.be in different shapes 形状不同twenty years from now 今后20年

本单元目标句型：

1.What do you think life will be like in 1000 years?

2.There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future.

fewer；less表示否定之意，分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词；

more二者都可以修饰。

3.Will kids go to school? No, they won’t/Yes, they will。

4.Predicting the future can be difficult.

5.I need to look smart for my job interview.

6.I will be able to dress more casually.

7.I think I’ll go to Hong Kong on vacatio n, and one day I might even visit

Australia.

8.What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now?

9.That may not seem possible now, but computers, space rockets and even electric

toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago.

本单元语法讲解一般将来时

表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词：

1.含tomorrow; next短语；

2.in+段时间；

3.how soon；

4.by+将来时间；

5.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do

例：Be quick, or you will be late=If you don’t be quick, you will be late

7.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时

8.another day

比较be going to 与will:

be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will 则没有这个意思，如：

She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.

在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用be going to, 而多用will, 如：

If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.

Unit 2 What should I do?

1.too loud 太大声out of style过时的in style 流行的

2.call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb. 给…..打电话

3.enough money 足够的钱(enough修饰名词时不必后置)

4.busy enough 够忙(enough修饰形容词或副词时必须后置)

5. a ticket to/for a ball game 一张球赛的门票

注意：the key to the lock/the key(answer)r to the question)/the solution

to the problem .此处几个短语不能用of表示所有格

6.talk about 谈论on the phone 用电话

7.pay for 付款

8.spend…on +sth.=spend...( in) doing sth. 在…花钱

9.It takes sb. some time/ money to do sth. 某人做某事花…的时间/金钱

10.borrow …from从….借( 借进来) lend…to 把…借给（借出去）

11.You can keep the book for a week 你可以借这本书一周。

（不用borrow或lend）

12.buy sth for sb 为……买东西

13.tell sb to do /not to do sth.sth 告诉某人（不）做某事

14.want sb. to do sth.=would like sb. to do 想某人做某事

15.find out 发现；查清楚；弄明白

16.fail the test=not pass the test 考试不及格

17.fail in (doing) sth…在...上失败,变弱

succeed in (doing) sth 在...方面成功

18.write sb a letter/write to sb.给某人写信

19.surprise sb.使某人吃惊（类似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人）

20.to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是…..

21.look for a part-time job 找一份兼职的工作（不一定有结果）

22.get/find a part-time job 找到一份兼职的工作（有结果）

23.ask sb. for…寻求/向某人要某物have a bake sale 卖烧烤

24.argue with sb = have an argument with sb. 与某人争吵

25.have a fight with sb.=fight with 与某人打架

26.drop off离去；散去；逐渐减少;死去

27.prepare for…=get ready for… 为…做准备

28.after-school clubs(activities) 课外俱乐部（活动）

●be/get used to doing 习惯做某事

●used to do 过去经常/常常做某事

●be used for doing=be used to do sth. 被用于做某事

29.fill… up填补；装满…be full of 装满

30.return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb. 把某物归还给某人

31.get on /along well with 与…相处很好all kinds of 各种各样

32.as much as possible=as much as you can 尽可能多

33.take part in=join in 参加（某种活动/集会）

34.a bit =a little 一点儿（当修饰形容词或比较级时）

35.a bit of =a little 一点儿/一些（当修饰不可数名词时）

36.be angry with… 生…的气

37.on the one hand 一方面on the other hand另一方面

38.I find/feel/think it difficult to do... 我发现/感到/认为做某事很难.

39.see/hear/watch sb. doing sth. 看到/听见/注视某人正在做…

40.not…until 直到…才（谓语动词一般是非延续动词）

41.表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法:

be/become + upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed

说明：当主语是某人时，注意后面的形容词一般是-ed结尾的单词，

而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时，注意后面形容词一般是-ing结尾单词.）

例如:I was surprised when I heard the surprising news.

42 be original 新颖的

43 leave something somewhere 把某物忘在某处

45. the same age as=as old as 和--- 年龄一样

58. the tired children 疲惫不堪的孩子.

complain about (doing sth) 抱怨、、、

60.take their children from activity to activity 带着孩子参加一个接一个的活动

61.try to do sth, 尽量干某事try doing sth 试着干某事

62.be under too much pressure 压力太大

63.a mother of three 三个孩子的妈妈

64.take part in after-school clubs 参加课后俱乐部

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cf6750082.html,pepition starts from a very young age 竞争从很小年纪就开始了

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cf6750082.html,pare…with 和---比较

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cf6750082.html,anized activities 有组织的活动

本单元目标句型：

1.What’s wrong(with you)?/What’s the matter?What should I do?

我该怎么办

2.You could write him a letter. 你可以给他写封信.

You should say sorry to him.你应该给他道歉.

3.They shouldn’t argue.他们不应该争吵.

4.Why don’t you talk to him about it?

=Why not talk to him about it?=You should/could talk to him about it.

=What/How about talking to him about it.=You’d better talk to him about it.

5.The parents try to fit as much as possible into their kids lives.

6.People shouldn’t push their children so hard.

7.When these kids are adults, they might find t difficult to plan

things for themselves.

Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?

1.in front of 在……的前面（外部）in the front of 在……的前面（内部）

2.in the library 在图书馆get out of/get into 出……之外/进入

3.sleep late 睡懒觉sleep well 睡得好get to sleep=fall asleep 睡着

4.walk down/along 沿……走take off (飞机)起飞；脱下（衣帽）

5.on Sunday evening 在星期日晚上

注意:（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、

晚上用on）

6.in the tree在树上on the tree在树上take photos 照相

7.at the train station 在火车站run away 跑开，逃跑

7.as+adj原形as 和…一样…

例如：She is (not) as beautiful as her sister. I can run as fast as he(him)

8.buy/draw/make sth. for sb.为某人买/画/制作walk home 走回家

9.in history 在历史for example 例如

in the city of 在……市

10.on the playground 在操场上ten minutes ago 十分钟前

11.take place 发生（强调必然性）happen to sth./sb.发生（强调偶然性）

例如：What has happened to you?=What’s the matter with you?

=What’s wrong with you?

12.of course=sure=certainly 当然

13.all over the world=around the world 遍及全世界

14.outside/inside the station 在车站外/内

15.next to 相邻，紧贴close to 接近于；在附近

16.be ill in hospital/bed 生病住院/在床hear about/of 听说（间接听到）

17.in silence 沉默不语keep silent 保持沉默

18.an unusual experience 一次不寻常的经历

19.have fun doing sth 干某事有乐趣

have difficult time doing sth干某事有困难

20.have meaning to 对—有意义 a national hero 一个民族英雄

本单元目标句型:

-----What were you doing when I arrived/at that time/at 8:00 last night/from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday?

------I was doing sth. When+一般过去时的时间状语从句...

1.How about... / What about...?

2.While sth./sb. was doing sth., I was doing sth....

3.当妈妈正在做饭时，我在看电视。While my mother was cooking ,I was

watching TV.

4.She didn’t think about looking outside the station.

11. I was so tired this morning. It was difficult to get out of the bed.

12. This was one of the most important events in modern American history..

14. Our teacher asked us to stop what we were doing and listen.

本单元语法讲解过去进行时（Past Progressive Tense）

句型S + was/were +V-ing…

例A：She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening.

（昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。）

例B：We were having supper at that time.

（那个时候我们正在吃晚饭。）

解说如例1所示，在单句中使用过去进行时来表达时必须把该动作正在

进行中的时间表明清楚，否则就不合逻辑了。例如：I was taking a bath yesterday. （错）

（昨天我正在洗澡——昨天24小时都正在洗澡吗？）

所以本句应该如例1来表达，或者用一般过去时表达如下：

I took a bath yesterday.（昨天我洗了澡。）

如果由上下文的文意，或者对谈中的话意可以了解“动作正在进行中的时间”，单句里就使用过去进行时来表达是很普通的，例如：

A：I called you up yesterday evening.

B：Did you? At what time?

A：At around ten o'clock. （大约在十点钟。）

B：Oh, I was taking a bath then.（哦，当时我正在洗澡。）

过去进行时在表达上常用的句式是如例2所示和另一个一般过去时的动作相

搭配。请观察下面的图解说明：

过去有二动作A和B（如图示），在B动作发生时稍早发生的A动作正好在进行中，所以这种表达法通常都是复句（主句+副词从句）。例如：

When I got up this morning, Mother was preparing breakfast in the kitchen.

（今天早上我起床时妈妈正在厨房里准备早餐。—“Mother…。”是主句，“when…，”是副词从句。）

常用于修饰过去进行时的时间副词：过去的某一定点时刻（at + 过去的时刻），then （= at that time）（那时，当时），all + 时间，“When…/While…/As…”等

副词从句，etc.

Unit 4 He said I was hard-working

1.every Saturday 每周六first of all 首先

2.both……and……两者都（谓语动词要注意对称原则）

3.neither….nor 两者都不（谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则）

4.most of…绝大多数

5.agree on something 同意某人的计划；对….取得一致意见

6.agree to do sth. 答应/同意做…

7.pass on (to)传递be supposed to do sth.被期望或被要求做... ...

8.be mad at ……对……疯狂/生气

9.do better in=be better at 在......方面做得更好

be in good health 身体健康

10.sound /feel /smell /taste /look 是连系动词，一般只能跟adj.做表语

11.sound like/feel like/smell like/taste like/look like

听起来像…/感觉像…/闻起来像…/尝起来像…/看起来像…+sb./sth.

12.get… over克服；恢复；原谅open up 打开/展开/开发/揭露

13.care for照料；照顾；意愿；计较

14.have a(surprise) party for sb.为某人举行一次（惊喜）聚会

15.end-of-year exam=final exam 期末考试

16.be surprised\happy\excited to do sth 做某事感到惊讶、高兴、激动

17.be \get nervous 感到紧张take\ leave a message 捎（留）个口信

18.have a big fight it is a good idea for sb. to do sth

19.feel lucky people who need help 需要帮助的人

20.there is no difference between…and.. 在。。和。。之间没有区别

本单元目标句型：

转述他人话语:What did sb. say? He said I …She said she…/They said…

1.许老师告诉我徐梦蝶会说二种语言。Mr. Xu told me that XuMengdie

could speak three languages.

2.许老师说地球绕着太阳转。Mr. Xu said (that)the earth turns around the sun.

3.许老师告诉我他将去北京。She told me he would go to Beijing the next day.

4.许老师说欧洋正在做作业Mr. Xu said OuYang was doing his homework

at that time.

5.许老师说王硕研勤奋。Mr. Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working.

6.在英语上，与听相比，我更擅长于读。In English, I’m better at reading

than listening.

7.情况怎样？How’s it going?

8.她不想再当我最好的朋友了。She didn’t want to be my best friend anymore.

9.She said helping others changed her life.

本单元语法讲解

直接引语和间接引语详情见书上

Unit 5 If you go to the party，you’ll have a great time!

1.ask sb. to do sth.请某人做某事half the class/students班一半学生

2.get injured 受伤

3.have a great time =have a wonderful\good time玩得高兴

4.take …away运走，取走put away 收起来，放好

5.all the time=always一直，始终

6.make a living (by doing sth)谋生

7.in order to do sth…为了做某事go to college上大学

8.be famous for… 因……而著称be famous as… 作为…而出名

9.make money =earn money挣钱in fact事实上laugh at…嘲笑

10.too much太多(修饰不可数名词) too many太多(修饰可数名词复数

11.much too+形容词/副词太…

12.get exercise 锻炼注意（exercise当“锻炼”是不可数名词；而当“操”

“练习”是可数名词）

13.work hard 努力工作let ... in允许……进入keep…out 不允许--进入

14.get an education获得教育take… away拿开，拿走

15.study for the test 准备考试make some food 准备食物

16.make dumplings 做水饺make the bed 整理床铺

17.the rules for school parties 学校派对的规则

18.children’s hospital 儿童医院

19.join the Lions 加入狮队

20.give money to schools and charities 给学校和慈善组织捐钱

本单元目标句型：

1. If you do, you’ll…

2. I’m going to …

3. You should…

4. Don’t you want to …?

5. Don’t you think ….?

6。If Ms Li goes to the party, we’ll have a great time.

If you wear jeans to the party, Ms Li won’t let you in.

7 .For many young people, becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job.

8 If you become rich, you will have a difficult time knowing who your real

friends are.

本单元语法讲解

if 引导的条件状语从句。If是连词，所连接的句子叫条件状语从句，表示假设或条件，意思是“ 如果…的话”，用法如下：

1、表示假设，表示将会发生和可能发生的事，或进行提醒警告。句子结构如下：

If +句子（一般现在时），+主句（主语will/may/can) +动词）

a. If you finish your homework , you can go out and play.

b. If I have enough money next year , I will go to travel .

2. 表示真实条件、客观真理、自然现象、定理定义民间谚语等，句型是：

If + 句子（一般现在时），+ 主句（一般现在时）.

(完整版)人教版初中英语八年级下册课文

Unit 1:Where did you go on vacation? Section A 2d:Role-play the conversation. Rick: Hi, Helen. Long time no see. Helen:Hi, Rick. Yes, I was on vacation last month. Rick: Oh, did you go anywhere interesting? Helen: Yes, I went to Guizhou with my family. Rick: Wow! Did you see Huangguoshu Waterfall? Helen: Yes, I did. It was wonderful! We took quite a few photos there. What about you? Did you do anything special last month? Rick: Not really. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax. Grammar Focus: 1. Where did you go on vacation? I went to New York City. 2. Did you go out with anyone? No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation. 3. Did you buy anything special? Yes,Ibought something for my father./ No, I bought nothing. 4. How was the food? Everything tasted really good! 5.Did everyone have a good time? Oh, yes. Everything was excellent. Section B 2b阅读理解 Monday, July 15th I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. It was sunny and hot, so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. My sister and I

新人教版八年级下册英语全册教案

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