module5unit1教学案 (1)
Module 5 Unit2 Grammar and usage
动名词和现在分词（ doing ）
一．动名词的形式：V+ ing，否定式：not + 动名词。
（1）一般式：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
（2）被动式：He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
（3）完成式：We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
（4）完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was 5 years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
（5）否定式：not + 动名词，I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
（6）复合结构：形容词性物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词；
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
★—Do you mind _____________ your dictionary?
—___________. Go ahead.
A. my using; Sure.
B. me using; Certainly
C. my using; Of course not;
D. I use; Never mind.
二．动名词的句法功能：
（1）作主语：Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
___________ the head means yes here. 在这里点头意思是对的。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling. 争吵是没用的。
（2）作表语：In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
（3）作宾语：They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，
例如：We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
妙学巧记：常用的后面只跟动名词作宾语的动词及短语: delay, imagine, keep, admit（承认），permit, forbid, appreciate（感激）, feel like, can't stand, can't help （情不自禁地）, dream of, be fond of, prevent/keep/ stop…(from),…protect…from, set about(开始), stick to(坚持)，object to（反对）, look forward to, succeed in, pay attention to, insist on, feel like，be used to（习惯于）等常用词语。
（4）作定语：He can't walk without a walking stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？
（5）作同位语：The cave, his hiding-place is secret.
那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
（6）不定式与动名词在句意上的区别：
▲They stopped reading.他们停止了阅读。
They stopped (listening) to read他们停止了(听力)开始阅读。
▲I didn’t mean to hurt you. 我不是故意伤害你的。
Your words mean hurting me. 你的话意味着伤害我。
▲①Don’t forget __________ her at the airport tomorrow morning.
②I forgot ________ her somewhere before.
A. to meet
B. meeting
C. met
D. to be met
▲①I regret _________ that you failed in the driving test.
②—You are brave enough to say cruel words against your teacher in class.
—But now I regret ________ those bad words.
A. to say
B. saying
C. said
D. being said
三．现在分词：现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1．现在分词的形式：v+ing; 否定式：not + v+ing;
（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：
They went to the park, singing and talking.他们边唱边说向公园走去。→
→They went to the park and they were singing and talking.
Having done his homework, he played basketball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。
→After he had done his homework, he played basketball.
★He sat there and he didn’t know what to say.
→He sat there, ______________ what to say.
A. not know
B. not to now
C. not knowing
D. not having known
（2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed now is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告知好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
▲使用“being done”几种情况：
（1）作主语：Being punished is an unforgettable experience.
（2）作动宾：You should avoid being punished.
（3）作介宾：She is afraid of being punished.
（4）作定语：The boy being punished now is addicted to playing computer games.
★__________ in a flood can be an unforgettable experience.
A. To trap
B. Trapped
C. Being trapped
D. Having trapped
★__________ in thought, she almost knocked into a tree while walking in the street.
A. Lost
B. being
C. To be lost
D. Having lost
★____________ in prison for so many years, he couldn’t find out his house after he came out.
A. Being kept
B. To be kept
C. Having kept
D. Having being kept
2．现在分词的句法功能：
（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；
如果是分词短语做定语，则放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。→In the years that followed, he worked even harder.
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
→The man (who is speaking to the teacher) is our monitor's father.
注意：现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能
（2）现在分词作表语：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影令人兴奋。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
（3）作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
（4）现在分词作状语：
①作时间状语：(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语：Being a League member, he is always helping others.
由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语，表示伴随：He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.
他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
④作条件状语：(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语：He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.
他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语：They study hard, hoping to go to an ideal university.
他们努力学习，希望能进入一所理想的大学。
⑦作让步状语：Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
⑨作独立成分：Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看，他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。
⑩Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.（相当于If time permits,）如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。（注意：主句和从句主语不一致）★____________, someone knocked at the door.
A. Having a bath
B. To have a bath
C. While I was having a bath
D. Having had a bath