七年级英语下册第11单元知识讲解以及随堂练习

Unit11 How was your school trip?

话题：谈论过去的事情

教学目标：

○1能够听懂一般过去时表达的句子，能够和别人谈论过去发生的事情。

○2能够谈论自己的旅游经历

重点：一般过去时态

重点句型：----How was your school trip? 你的学校郊游怎么样？

---It was great! 好极了！

---Did you go to the zoo? 你去动物园了吗？

---No, I didn’t. I went to a farm. 不，没有，我去农场了。

重点短语：milk a cow ride a horse

feed chickens quite a lot of

fire station in the countryside

all in all be interested in

show…around pick strawberries

come out along the way

go on a school trip at night

知识点：

1. 一般过去时态

(1)含义

一般过去时表过去

○1表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态：He bought the computer five years ago. 这电脑是他五年前买的。It was then a small fishing village．那时它只是一个小渔村。

○2表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作：We often played together when we were children．我们小时候常在一起玩。

○3表过去习惯性的动词，也可用used to或would：He used to go to work by bus. 他过去常乘公共汽车去上班。Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难，他都会帮助我们。

(2)对谓语的要求

一般过去时的谓语动词要用动词的过去式。动词过去式的构成分规则变化和不规则变化两种形式，不规则变化通常需要逐个记忆，规则变化则遵循以下原则：

○1) 一般在动词后加-ed。如：play—played, offer—offered, weigh—weighed, destroy—destroyed, sign—signed.

○2) 在以字母e结尾的动词后，只加-d。如：like—liked, provide—provided, hate —hated, date —dated。

○3) 在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后，则改y为i，再加—ed。如：supply—supplied, fly —flied, study—studied.

○4) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：plan—planned, refer—referred, regret—regretted, ban—banned

(3)

动词的不规则变化

原形一般过去式原形一般过去式

am/is begin

are blow

become break

begin bring

build win

buy dig

catch cost

choose do cut does dream drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find fly forget draw get give go grow hang have hide hear

hit hold hurt keep know lay learn leave lend let lie lose make mean meet mistake pay put read ride

ring rise

run say

see sell

send set

shake spread

take light

shut sing

speed sit

sleep smell

spend stand

swim take

(4)结构

常用的句式：

1）含有be动词的：

肯定句：主语+ was / were + 其它。

否定句：主语+ was/ were + not +其它。

一般疑问句：Was/ Were +主语+ 其他？

肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ was/ were.

否定回答：No, 主语+ wasn’t/ weren’t.

特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？

2）含有实意动词的：

肯定句：主语+ did + 其它。(did代表动词的过去式) 否定句：主语+ didn’t do +其它。(do代表动词的原形)

一般疑问句：Did + 主语+ do+ 其他？

肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ did.

否定回答：No, 主语+ didn’t.

特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？

例子：I was at home yesterday.

一般疑问句：Were you at home yesterday?

肯/否定回答：Yes, I was.

No, I was not.

否定句：I was not at home yesterday.

就划线部分提问：Where were you ?

练习：

He went to a farm with Tom last Sunday.

一般疑问句：

肯/否定回答：

否定句：

2. milked a cow 给奶牛挤奶

milk此处作及物动词，意为“给奶牛挤奶”

milk还可以作不及物动词，挤奶

I helped my father to milk the cow.

This cow milks very cow.

milk 可用作不可数名词，意为“牛奶”

Would you like some milk? 你想喝些牛奶吗？

3. ---Did you see any cows?

---Yes, I did. I saw quite a lot.

此句是一个一般过去时态的一般疑问句，其中did是do的过去式，在此作助动词。本句用于询问过去发生的动作或事情，疑问句中用了助动词did时，句中的谓语动词应用动词原形。句型是“did+主语+动词原形+其他成分？”肯定答语是“Yes,主语+did”，否定答语是“No, 主语+didn’t”

4. quite& very

quite 程度副词，意为“相当，非常”可修饰副词，形容词，动词，quite与very与不

与表“程度”的词连用

定冠词连用时位置不同“a+very+形容词+名词”和“quite+a+形容词+名词”

very

程度副词，意为“很，非常”语气较quite 重

可修饰副词，形容词，但不可直接修饰动词

Tom was quite a good boy.=Tom was a very good boy.

5. anything 不定代词，表示“某事，某东西”，主要用于否定句，疑问句中，用以代替something. We can ’t believe anything he says.

○

1在表示请求，建议或征求意见的疑问句中常用something,不用anything. Would you like something to drink?

○

2表示任何事，任何东西，主要用于肯定句中。 I want something to eat, and anything will do.

○

3用作主语时，谓语用单数，对应的代词也用单数。 Anything is better than nothing, isn ’t it?

○

4修饰anything 的形容词应置于其后。 Did you hear anything interesting there? 6. The farmer showed Carol around the farm.

show 此处作及物动词，意为“带领，引领”，show sb. around. 带领某人参观。 拓展

show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb. 当间接宾语为代词it 或them 时，只能用show it/them to sb.结构 Please show me that coat over there.

7. farming 名词“农事，耕作” 其动词为farm. 意为“耕种，干农活” He is farming in Africa.

It is still too cold for farming. 气候还是太冷，不适合农耕。 farm 名词 意为“农场” farmer 农民，农场主 The farmer is at work on a farm. 这位农民在农场干活。 8. pick 采，摘

Don ’t pick flowers in the park. 公园里禁止摘花。 pick up 捡起，拿起

She picked up the book on the floor.

9.It was so much fun. 那真是蛮好玩得。

○1so much 如此多，这么多，一般用于修饰不可数名词或动词

so many 这么多，如此多，常用来修饰可数名词复数。

too much +不可数名词太多

too many +可数名词太多

much too +形容词太，非常

○2fun此处作不可数名词，意为“乐趣，开心，有趣的人或事”，其前常用great, much, a lot of 等词修饰，用来加强语气。

He’s great fun, and his dog is great fun, too.

拓展：

have fun 玩得开心相当于have a good time

My grandpa often has much fun in the park.

我爷爷经常在公园玩得很开心。

fun还可以作形容词，意为“有趣的，愉快的”

Our English teacher often makes the classes fun.

funny用作形容词，意为“滑稽的，可笑的”

The kids are all making fun of little Tom’s funny hat today.

10.luckily, it didn’t, and the sun came out again!

○1Luckily为副词，意为“幸运地，好运地”，通常放在句首，表示“幸运的是”，用来修饰整个句子。

luck为不可数名词，意为“幸运”，lucky为形容词，意为“幸运的”

Good luck! 好运！

You’re lucky! 你是幸运的！

○2sun 意为“太阳”，为世界上独一无二的事物，其前通常要加定冠词the, 类似的词还有moon, sky, earth.

○3come out 出来开放发表

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