2012年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题

2012-6

研究生学位英语考试试题

Part One：Listening

Part Two：Vocabulary

1．Please do not be ____ by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.

A disregarded

B distorted

C irritated

D intervened

2. Craig assured his boss that he would ____ all his energies in doing this new job.

A call forth

B call at

C call on

D call off

3. Too much ____ to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.

A disclosure

B exhibition

C contact

D exposure

4. When confronted with such questions, my mind goes ____, and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.

A dim

B blank

C faint

D vain

5. It is well known that knowledge is the ____ condition for expansion of mind.

A incompatible

B incredible

C indefinite

D indispensable

6. Language, culture, and personality may be considered ____ of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.

A indistinctly

B separately

C irrelevantly

D independently

7. Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn, the Irish milkmaid fought hard to ____ her laughter.

A hold back

B hold on

C hold out

D hold up

8. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her ____ attitude toward customers.

A impartial

B mild

C hostile

D opposing

9. I ____ with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new column.

A express

B confess

C verify

D acknowledge

10. It is strictly ____ that access to confidential documents is denied to all but a few.

A secured

B forbidden

C regulated

D determined

11. The pollution question as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in ____ again next spring.

A assembly

B session

C conference

D convention

12. Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th ____ the birth of Jesus Christ.

A in accordance with

B in terms of

C in favor of

D in honor of

13. Since it is too late to change my mind now, I am ____ to carrying out the plan.

A obliged

B committed

C engaged

D resolved

14. It was a bold idea to build a power station in the deep valley, but it ____ as well as we had hoped.

A came off

B went off

C brought out

D make out

15. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must ____ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world-market demand.

A improve

B enhance

C guarantee

D gear

16. He left early on the ____ that he had a bad toothache and had to see the dentist.

A prescription

B pretext

C knowledge

D precondition

17. The new edition of the encyclopedia ____ many improvements, which is the result of the persistent effort of all the compilers.

A embedded

B embodied

C enchanted

D enclosed

18. The boys and girls ____ together round the camp fire telling stories and singing songs.

A reversed

B clapped

C clustered

D contracted

19. The new underground railway will ____ the journey to all parts of the city.

A consume

B eliminate

C formulate

D facilitate

20. The speaker attracted the audience at the very beginning of the lecture by giving a ____ description of his personal experience.

A global

B gracious

C graphic

D prescriptive

Part Three：Reading

Passage one

The potential of closed-circuit television and other new electronic teaching tools is so great that it is fascinating to visualize “the school of tomorrow”.

Televised lessons will originate from a central building having perhaps four or five master studios. The lessons will be carried into classrooms all over a city, or even an entire country.

After a televised lesson has been given, the classroom teacher will take over for the all-important “follow-up” period. The students will ask troublesome questions, and difficult points will be cleared up through discussion.

The teacher in the classroom will have additional electronic tools. On the teacher’s desk, the traditional bright red apple will have been replaced by a multiple—control panel and magnetic tape players. The tape machines will run prerecorded lessons which pupils will follow by headphones. The lessons will be specifically geared to the students’ levels of ability. For instance, which the class as a whole studies history, each student will receive an individual history lesson, directed to his particular level of ability.

Should questions arise, the students will be able to talk directly to the teacher on individual “intercoms” without disturbing the rest of the class. In this way, the teacher will be able to conduct as many as three classes at the same time.

1.This article is mainly about_______.

A. television

B. electronics

C. the schools of the future

D. communication

2. Closed-circuit television will probably carry lessons to_____.

A.a single classroom

B. one school

C. all the classrooms in the world

D. all the classrooms in a city or country

3. In the schools of tomorrow, the teacher’s des k will____.

A. contain electronic equipment

B. actually be a television set

C. no longer exist

D. look like an isolation booth4. In the schools of tomorrow, students will

4. In the schools of tomorrow, students will_____.

A. all study different subjects at the same time

B. study at different levels within a subject at the same time

C. not study

D. not have to read books5. Electronic tools will enable the teacher to

5. Electronic tools will enable the teacher to_____.

A. teach more than one class at the same time

B. retire

C. teach only a small number of pupils

D. rely on TV stations only

Passage Two：

Industrial Psychology is the application of various psychological techniques to the selection and training of industrial workers and to the promotion of efficient working conditions and techniques, as well as individual job satisfaction.

The selection of workers for particular jobs is essentially a problem of discovering the special aptitudes and personality characteristics needed for the job and of devising tests to determine whether candidates have such aptitudes and characteristics. The development of tests of this kind has long been a field of psychological research.

Once the worker is on the job and has been trained, the fundamental aim of the industrial psychologist is to find ways in which a particular job can best be accomplished with a minimum of effort and a maximum of individual satisfaction. The psychologist's function, therefore, differs from that of the so-called efficiency expert, who places primary emphasis on increased production. Psychological techniques used to lessen the effort involved in a given job include a detailed study of the motions required to do the job, the equipment used, and the conditions under which the job is performed. After making such a study, the industrial psychologist often determines that the job in question may be accomplished with less effort by changing the routine motions of the work itself, changing or moving the tools, improving the working conditions, or a combination of several of these methods.

Industrial psychologists have also studied the effects of fatigue on workers to determine the length of working time that yields the greatest productivity. In some cases such studies have proven that total production on particular jobs could be increased by reducing the number of working hours

or by increasing the number of rest periods, or "breaks," during the day. Industrial psychologists may also suggest less direct requirements for general improvement of job performance, such as establishing a better line of communication between employees and management.

6. From the first sentence of passage, we learn that the primary objective of industrial psychology is to study ______.

A. working efficiency that leads to the highest output

B. the working skills and the working environment

C. the techniques leading to the highest productivity

D. the utilization of workers to get the greatest profit

7. A test in industrial psychology is used to find out ______.

A. a worker’s achievements

B. a worker's potential for a certain job

C. a worker's psychological problem

D.a worker's motivation for a certain job

8. The industrial psychologist’s function differs from that of the efficiency experts in that the former______.

A. places great emphasis on maximum production

B. never cares about the increase of production

C. is mainly concerned with workers' satisfaction

D. worries a lot about those workers in poor working conditions

9. In an industrial psychologist's mind, all of the following is important EXCEPT______.

A. the steps in which work is done

B. the state of mind of a worker when working

C. the effect of working environment on a worker

D. the value of the product a worker is making

10. It is certain that ______.

A. Two breaks in a day lead to higher productivity than one

B. working less hours can yield the highest efficiency

C. communication is increasing between the employers and employees

D. changing tools will help increase the production

Passage Three：

Passage Four：

What is true? What is right? What is beautiful? Science considers what is true, starting out with almost unimaginable ideas (The earth is moving! The future is unpredictable!). The job is to understand these ideas and fit them into a broad and logical picture of the universe. Politics considers what is right. This requires broad understanding and eventual consensus of points of view that often appear incompatible. Art is the development of what is beautiful---whether through words, a musical note, or architecture.

Truth, morality, beauty. It has been humanity’s persistent hope that these thr ee ideas should be consistent with each other. Yet successful activities in science, politics, and art diverge greatly, and I believe the three activities can be pursued initially without regard to each other, or without reconciling the possible conflicts that may arise. Today, there is perceived to be a strong contradiction between the results of science and the requirements of morality; for instance, the application of science has led to the development of nuclear weapons, while international morality seems to demand that such results never be applied —— and that research leading to them should be stopped. I hold a position radically different from the general point of view, believing that contradiction and uncertainty should be enhanced.

Niel Bohr loved contradiction. He would not tolerate the idea that quantum mechanics might some day supersede classical physics. For Bohr, classical physics had to remain in permanent contradiction to quantum mechanics and the tension between them retained as a part of science. In the same way, the impacts of science, politics, and art must remain independent. We must learn to live with contradictions, because they lead to deeper and more effective understanding. The same applies to uncertainty.

According to Heisenberg’s un certainty principle, only probabilistic predictions can be made about the future. Furthermore, small events can have important consequences. An everyday example is weather forecasting. It is fairly successful for predictions up to 5 days ahead, but if you double that period the predictions are no longer accurate. It is not clear whether long-range predictions are forever excluded, but the example does illustrate that small causes can have significant effects.

This situation has an obvious analogy in free will. In a completely deterministic world, what we know as free will in humans is reduced to a mere illusion. I may not know that my actions are predetermined in some complicated configuration of my molecules, and that my decisions are nothing more than the realization of what has been inherent in the configuration of electrons. According to quantum mechanics, we cannot exclude the possibility that free will is a part of the process by which the future is created. We can think about the creation of the world as incomplete and human beings, indeed all living beings, as making choices left open to probability.

One may argue that this notion is fantastic. Indeed, Einstein firmly believed in causality, and rejected the relevant part of quantum mechanics. (His famous statement

is that, while God can rule the world by any set of laws, “God does not play dice with the universe.”)Attempts have been made to add laws to quantum mechanics to eliminate uncertainty. Such attempts have not only been unsuccessful, they have not even appeared to lead to any interesting results.

Questions:

16.According to the author, what do science, politics and art each try to explain?

17.What is the strong contradiction mentioned in the second paragraph?

18.What is the author’s attitude toward contradiction?

19.How would the author face uncertainty?

20.What is the main idea of the passage?

Passage Five：

I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me ; it is the reality I took with me into sleep . I try to think of something else. Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind. I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her . She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair. I don’t know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to

my own hair and , with three fingers against my head , I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful.” She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn’t sure if she understood me (I don’t speak Laotian very well).

I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs on them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.

She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn’t make enough money. I moved quic kly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.

The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn’t , of course.

I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.

I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!

There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didn’t cry.

Questions:

21. When the author met the woman in the market, what was the woman doing?

22. How can you describe bargaining in Laos?

23. According to the author, why did the woman accept the last offer?

24. Why did the author finally decide to buy three skirts?

25. Why did the writer cry eventually when she looked at the skirts again?

Part Four：Translation

1. A second aspect of technology transfer concentrates on US high technology exports. China has

correctly complained in the past that the US was unnecessarily restrictive in limiting technology sales to China. Recently some liberalization has taken place and major increases in technology

transfers have taken place as the result. However, some items continue to be subject to restrictions and unnecessary delay, in part because the US Government submits many items to COCOM(巴黎统筹委员会) for approval. There is significant room for improvement with the US bureaucracy and COCOM.

2. Good manners are necessary because we are judged by our manners. Our manners not only show

what kind of education we have received and what our social position is, but they also tend to show what our nature is. A person with good manners is always an agreeable companion, because he always thinks of others and shows respect for others.

3. Individualism and collectivism have permeated every aspect of Eastern and Western culture,

influencing American and Chinese economics, politics, morals and values, and especially communication patterns. This is important, for research has proved that the number one cause of failure in international business and relations is not economics or even business but cross-cultural communication.

4. It is known to all that knowledge is power. Young people without knowledge cannot expect to

become assets to society. In order to acquire profound knowledge, they strive to study well in school in the first place. This does not mean that knowledge only consists in books. In most cases, the knowledge from books is no substitute for the knowledge derived from social practices. For this obvious reason, young people should also regard it as indispensable to their acquirement of knowledge to learn earnestly from the experienced people and from society as well. In short, the rightly motivated young people are advised to insist on obtaining knowledge from all kinds of sources.

5. 今天，环境问题变得越来越严重了。世界人口在迅速增长，世界变得更为拥挤，我们差不

多快用尽自然资源。同时，我们也正用有害的化学药物污染环境，长此以往，地球上的生命将无法存在。

6．计算机具有的功能可以使一个公司的人在全国甚至全世界一起工作。但是，如果明天的计算机不是根据使用它们的人们的需要和能力设计的话，那么这种功能将毫无用处。换言之，必须遵循以人为中心的哲学。这就意味着改变计算机以适合人们的长处——观察、交流和创新，而不是要人们按计算机所提出的不自然的要求去做。那样只会导致犯错误。

7．我们必须具有得体的举止，原因在于人们通过我们的举止，对我们加以评判。我们的举止表明我们的素质、教养和社会地位如何，得体的举止在社会交往中为他人接受和喜欢。因为举止得体意味着为他人着想和对他人的尊重。

8．最近对于白日梦的研究表明，白日梦是日常生活中不可缺少的一个部分；人们发现它是精神放松的一种有效措施。但白日梦的益处不仅局限于此。纽约的心理医生J.T.富雷博格博士(Dr. Joan. T. Freyburg)所做的实验表明，白日梦对于智力的发展，集中注意力的能力，专注时间的长度以及与人交往的能力都有很大的帮助。富雷博格还发现她的那些能够轻易进入梦幻状态的病人对于治疗的反映比较迅速。

Part Five：Writing

Section A：Practical Writing

Directions: You are going to write a WANTED advertisement. The following requirement given in Chinese is for your reference.（about 100 words）

假如你是某中学人事主管，现在学校要招聘中学英语教师，要求应聘者能够根据国家教育体制进行教学，条件必须大学本科以上学历，英语教育专业，教学能力强，有创造力，思想开阔，理解和熟悉中西文化差异。欢迎应届本科毕业生前来应聘。

Section B: Essay Writing

Directions: You are going to write in no less than 200 words about the tile My View on Competition. In your composition, you should clearly state your opinion and give reasons to support your arguments.

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