2020江苏专转本英语模拟试题18-答案

江苏省2020普通高校专转本选拔考试

英语模拟试题卷18

(非英语专业)

注意事项：

1、本试卷分为试题卷答题卡三部分。全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

2、必须在答题卡上作答，作答前务必将自己的姓各和准考证号准确清晰地填写在试题卷和答题卡上指定位置。

3、考试结束时，须将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷（共100分）

Part I Reading Comprehension （共20小题，每小题2分，共40分）

Passage One - Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

Do animals have a culture? What do we mean by “culture?” Lately social scientists have begun to ask if culture is found just in humans, or if some animals have a culture too. (81) When we speak of culture, we mean a way of life a group of people have in common. Culture includes the beliefs and attitudes we learn. It is the patterns of behavior that help people to live together. It is also the patterns of behavior that make one group of people different from another group.

Our culture lets us make up for having lost out strength, claws, long teeth, and other defenses. Instead we use tools, cooperate with one another, and communicate with language.But these aspects of human behavior, or “culture,”can also be found in the lives of certain animals. Animals can make tools, for example. We used to think that the ability to use tools was the dividing line between human beings and other animals. Lately, however, we have found that this is not the case. Chimpanzees(非洲小猩猩) can not only use tools but actually make tools themselves. Animals can also share knowledge with each other and use their own language to communicate. So, it may be important for us to know that the line dividing us from animals is not as clear as we used to think.

1. Choose the statement that best expresses the main idea____.

A. Chimpanzee can learn to use sign language to make sentences.

B. Other animals can invent tools.

C. Knowledge and communication are no longer signs of only human behavior.

D. The line dividing human culture from animal culture is not as clear as we might think.

2. “Culture” refers to ____.

A. book language of behavior we learn

B. the patterns of behavior we learn

C. traditional ideas

D. people’s good habits

3. A chimpanzee’s use of tools means ____.

A. animals are the same as human beings

B. animals can be as clever as human beings

C. the dividing line between culture and animal culture no longer exists

D. animals may have a culture like our own

4. Which of the following statement is TRUE?

A. The ability to use language separates human beings.

B. We can be certain that animals have a culture too.

C. Social scientists doubt if animals have a culture too.

D. Some traditional ideas about the difference between human beings and animals may be wrong.

5.The first sentence of the second paragraph “Our culture lets us make up for having lost our strength, claws, long teeth, and other defenses” means ____.

A. as a result of our culture, we have lost our strength, claws, long teeth, and other defenses

B. our culture has enabled us even better though we have lost our strength, claws, long teeth, and other defenses

C. our culture has brought back to us strength, claws, long teeth, and other defenses that we have lost

D. our culture asks that we lose our strength, claws, long teeth, and other defenses which animals still have

Passage Two - Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be more dirty than their gasoline-powered cousins.

People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions（排放）vehicles,” but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants most all use fire to make it. Aside from the few folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators(发动机). Generators are fueled by something — usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.

(82) In other words, those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-burning cars. It's just the coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean. It is not. It’s as if the California Greens are covering their eyes —“If I can’t see it, it’s not happening.”Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas (or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat —at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.

A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won't get you nearly as far — so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from nukes, or geothermal, or hydro, or solar, or wind, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don’t use much of those energy sources.

In addition, electric cars’batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When it’s a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.

6. What does “clueless” mean in paragraph 2?

A) The California Greens are covering their eyes.

B) People in California love to talk about zero-emissions vehicles.

C) People in California love to have their roofs covered with solar cells.

D) People there have no idea that so far electricity mainly comes from burning coal, oil, etc.

7. According to the passage, why the California Greens hold the idea “If I can’t see it, it’s not happening.”?

A) They do not know those clean cars are likely coal-burning cars.

B) They do believe that the coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean.

C) They tend to hold that electricity is a nice part of energy.

D) They tend to maintain that gasoline is a good way to run a vehicle.

8. The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run __________.

A) not less than 25 miles.B) more than 25 miles.

C) no less than 25 miles.D) not more than 25 miles.

9. Compared with cars using gas, electric cars __________

A) do not burn fuel and more environmental.

B) are toxic and it is difficult for nature to clean it up when their batteries are buried in one spot.

C) are very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated

D) are poisonous for a long time and will eventually end up in a landfill.

10. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.

A) Being green is good and should be encouraged in communications

B) Electric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning something.

C) Zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environment.

D) Electric cars are now the dominant vehicle compared with gasoline-powered cousins.

Passage Three - Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

By almost any measure, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction. In just a few years, 34 percent of American universities have begun offering some form of distance learning (DL),and among the larger schools, it’s close to 90 percent. If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probabl y haven’t heard of the University of Phoenix. It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country.

While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignment, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. （83）Generally speaking,face-to-face communication with an instructor is minimized or eliminated（消除）altogether.

The attraction for students might at first seem obvious. Primarily, there’s the convenience promised by courses on the Net: you can do the work, as they say, in your pajamas (睡衣). But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course.While dropout rate for all freshmen at American universities is around 20 percent, the rate for online students is 35 percent. Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup. In a survey conducted for eCornell, the DL division of Cornell University, less than a third of the respondents expected the quality of the online course to be as good as the classroom course.

Clearly, from the schools’ perspective, t here’s a lot of money to be saved. Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software, most DL courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded (升级) systems. The more students who enroll in a course but don’t come to campus, the more school saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms, paying doorkeepers, and maintaining parking lots. And, while there’s evidence that instructors must work harder to run a DL c ourse for a variety of reasons, they won’t be paid any more, and might well be paid less.

11. What is the most striking feature of the University of Phoenix?

A. It boasts the largest number of students on campus.

B. All its courses are offered online.

C. Its online courses are of the best quality.

D. Anyone taking its online courses is sure to get a degree.

12. According to the passage, distance learning is basically characterized by ________.

A. a minimum or total absence of face-to-face instruction

B. a considerable flexibility in its academic requirements

C. the great diversity of students’ academic backgrounds

D. the casual relationship between students and professors

13. Many students take Internet-based courses mainly because they can ________.

A. save a great deal on traveling and boarding expenses

B. select courses from various colleges and universities

C. work on the required courses whenever and wherever

D. earn their academic degrees with much less effort

14. What accounts for the high drop-out rates for online students?

A. There is no mechanism to ensure that they make the required effort.

B. There is no strict control over the academic standards of the courses.

C. The evaluation system used by online universities is inherently weak.

D. Lack of classroom interaction reduces the effectiveness of instruction.

15. According to the passage,universities show great enthusiasm for DL programs for the purpose of ________.

A. building up their reputation

B. upgrading their teaching facilities

C. providing convenience for students

D. cutting down on their expenses

Passage Four - Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:

Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your perm ission or scan the Websites you’ve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.

（84）In fact, it’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen-the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.

Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs (碎削) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.

The key question is: Does that matter?

For many Americans, the answer apparently is “no.”

When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me.”

But people say one thing and do another. （85）Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠券).

But privacy does matter ---- at l east sometimes. It’s like health: When you have it you don’t notice it. Only whe n it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.

16. What does the author mean by saying “the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked” (Lines 3-4, Para. 2)?

A. Peop le’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.

B. In the 21st century people try every means to look into others’ secrets.

C. People tend to be franker with each other in the information age.

D. Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.

17. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?

A. Friends should open their hearts to each other

B. Friends should always be faithful to each other

C. There should be a distance even between friends

D. There should be fewer disputes between friends

18. Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret” (Para. 3)?

A. Modern society has finally evolved into an open society

B. People leave traces around when using modem technology

C. There are always people who are curi ous about others’ affairs

D. Many search engines profit by revealing people’s identities

19. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?

A. They change behaviors that might disclose their identity

B. They use various loyalty cards for business transactions

C. They rely more and more on electronic devices

D. They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it

20. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ________ .

A. people will make every effort to keep it

B. its importance is rarely understood

C. it is something that can easily be lost

D. people don’t cherish it until they lose it

Part II Vocabulary

21. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ________ and promoted now.

A) developed B) have developed C) are being developed D) will have been developed

22. In summer, the temperature in Nanking sometimes ______to as high as 39°C.

A) lifts B) rises C) raises D) shots

23. You ________ her in her office last Friday; she’s been out of town for two weeks.

A) needn’t have seen B) must have seen C) might have seen D) can’t have seen

24. The headmaster came and informed us ________the news

A) on B) for C) with D) of

25. She was so ________ in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.

A) attracted B) absorbed C) drawn D) concentrated

26. ________ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.

A) Being published B) Published C) Publishing D) To be published

27. At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly ________ to another subject.

A) committed B) switched C) favored D) transmitted

28. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ________ after 11 o’clock at night.

A) were not played B) not to play C) not be played D) did not play

29. Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful ________ through the window.

A) vision B) look C) picture D) view

30. Cancer is second only ________ heart disease as a cause of death.

A) of B) to C) with D) from

31. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the ________ movie could not hold our attention.

A) three-hours B) three-hour C) three-hours’D) three-hour’s

32. His thick hair and blue eyes _______me of his father

A) remind B) resemble C) reflect D) reveal

33. The organization had broken no rules, but ________ had it acted responsibly.

A) neither B) so C) either D) both

34. We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage came ________ view.

A) from B) in C) before D) into

35. They took ________ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.

A) fruitful B) beneficial C) valid D) effective

36. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ________ it comes to classroom tests.

A) when B) since C) before D) after

37. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs ________ directed.

A) like B) so C) which D) as

38. In developing countries people are ________ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.

A) breaking B) filling C) pouring D) hurrying

39. It’s reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory ________ by about 10%.

A) will have risen B) has risen C) will be rising D) has been rising

40. If I had remembered ________ the window, the thief would not have got in.

A) to close B) closing C) to have closed D) having closed

41. There are other problems which I don’t propose to ________ at the moment.

A) go into B) go around C) go for D) go up

42. Don’t get your schedule ________; stay with us in this class.

A) to change B) changing C) changed D) change

43. It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and ________ knowledge.

A) extensive B) expansive C) intensive D) expensive

44. Jean doesn’t want to work right away because she thinks that if she ________ a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.

A) has to get B) were to get C) had got D) could have got

45. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, ________ something occurred which attracted my attention.

A) unless B) until C) when D) while

46. A love marriage, however, does not necessarily ________ much sharing of interests and responsibilities.

A) take over B) result in C) hold on D) keep to

47. The ability to store knowledge makes computers different form every other machine ________ invented.

A) ever B) thus C) yet D) as

48. I’m not sure whether I can gain any profit from the investment, so I can’t make a(n) ________ promise to help you.

A) exact B) defined C) definite D) sure

49. I have kept that portrait ________ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.

A) which B) where C) whether D) when

50. The sports meet, originally due to be held last Friday, was finally ________ because of the bad weather.

A) set off B) broken off C) worn off D) called off

51. He came back late, ________ which time all the guests had already left.

A) after B) by C) at D) during

52. I’m very sorry to have ________ you with so many questions on such an occasion.

A) interfered B) offended C) impressed D) bothered

53. If the whole operation ________ beforehand a great deal of time and money would have been lost.

A) was not planned B) has not been planned C) had not been planned D) was not planned

54. The price of beer ________ from 50 cents to $4 per liter during the summer season.

A) altered B) ranged C) separated D) differed

55. His remarks left me ________ about his real purpose.

A) wondered B) wonder C) to wonder D) wondering

56. I have heard both teachers and students ________ well of him.

A) to speak B) spoken C) to have spoken D) speak

57. They use computers to keep the traffic _______ smoothly.

A. being run

B. run

C. to run

D. running

58. The house was very quiet, ________ as it was on the side of a mountain.

A) isolated B) isolating C) being isolated D) having been isolated

59. Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still ________.

A) blank B) hollow C) vacant D) bare

60. Being a pop star can be quite a hard life, with a lot of traveling ________ heavy schedules.

A) with regard to B) as to C) in relation to D) owing to

Part III Cloze （共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）

Mrs. Evens was home from work. She had just gone into the kitchen to make the afternoon tea _61_ she saw a mouse running around on the kitchen floor. She _62_ and jumped up on the table. As soon as the mouse had disappeared, she jumped off from the _63_, rushed out of the kitchen, _64_ her coat, ran out of the house and got on a bus _65_ was going into the town. There she hurried into a shop and_66_ a large mouse-trap（捕鼠夹）. She wanted to put_67_ to this mouse as quickly as_68_.

When she got home_69_ the trap, she realized that she had forgotten_70_ any cheese （奶酪）to put in it. She searched everywhere_71_ there was_72_ in the house. It was too late to buy any because now all the shops were_73_. She wondered what to do. In the end she_74_ a clever idea. She took a pair of scissors and cut a picture of a piece of cheese_75_ a magazine. Then she put the picture in the trap_76_ a piece of cheese.

The next_77_ Mrs. Evans came down to the_78_ and went straight away to the place_79_ she had put the trap. She wanted to see if her plan had_80_. The picture of the cheese had gone and in its place was a picture of a mouse.

61．A. where B. what C. while D. when

62．A. laughed B. cried C. surprised D. pleased

63．A. table B. floor C. house D. kitchen

64．A. put on B. have on C. wore D. dressed in

65．A. it B. when C. which D. as

66．A. asked B. bought C. sold D. left

67．A. a cheese B. an end C. a mouse D. a picture

68．A. possible B. he could C. possibly D. she can

69．A. for B. out C. with D. without

70．A. to sell B. to eat C. to let D. to buy

71．A. and B. so C. but D. or

72．A. none B. not one C. no D. anything

73．A. open B. shut C. close D. on show

74．A. had B. brought C. thought D. used

75．A. away B. by C. out of D. on

76．A. instead of B. including C. instead D. with

77．A. afternoon B. hour C. evening D. morning

78．A. cooking room B. bathroom C. reading room D. sitting room

79．A. that B. what C. which D. where

80．A. worked B. took C. changed D. made

Part V Translation from English into Chinese

81. When we speak of culture, we mean a way of life a group of people have in common. (Paragraph 1)

82. In other words, those “zero-emi ssions” cars are likely coa l-burning cars. (Paragraph 2)

83. Generally speaking, face-to-face communication with an instructor is minimized or eliminated altogether. (Paragraph 3)

84. In fact, it’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. (Paragraph 4)

85.Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. (Paragraph 4)

Part VI Translation from Chinese into English

86. 多亏了那场大雨，持续了半月的森林大火终于扑灭了。

87. 在过去的20年里，中国发生了巨大的变化。

88. 我们不仅应该向顾客保证产品的质量，而且要提供最佳服务。

89. 我们每一个中国人都理由为我国取得的巨大成就而自豪。

90. 智力在很大程度上是与生俱来的东西。

Part V Writing （共15分）

Directions: For this part, you are given thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: How to Get a Job After Graduation. You should write no less than 120 words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1、毕业生很关注找工作问题；

2、找工作的解决办法；

3、我的看法

江苏专转本英语作文

2012年writing(课堂所讲范文） 李仁杰预测 范文一：1．人们对职业务有不同的理想 2．我理想的职业是什么 3．我怎样为我理想的职业做准备 My Ideal Job ?Everyone has his own ideal job. Some want to be doctors, some want to be teachers, and some want to be engineers. ?My ideal job is in teaching. Firstly, I like children very much. I would like to sing, to dance, and to play with them. Secondly, a teacher has two vacations each year. I can enjoy myself during the summer and winter holidays. Finally, I want to teach the students all that I know and help them to develop their potential so that they can work better for our country in the future. ?In order to be a good teacher, I will study hard not only in class, but also in daily life. I will train my patience, improve my handwriting, and enrich my knowledge. In a word, I will study harder than ever to prepare for my future teaching job. 范文二： Outline 1. 人们以为淡水是取之不尽的 (提示：雨水、河水、井水......) 2. 实际上淡水是非常紧缺的 (提示：人口增加，工业用水增加，污染......) 3. 我们应该怎么办 Global Shortage of Fresh Water ?Many people believe that the world’s supply of fresh water will never be used up. They hold that fresh water comes from such a variety of sources that it is always sufficient for use. Such an opinion leads to a shocking waste of water. ?As a matter of fact, the earth is short of fresh water. Furthermore, with the rapid growth of the world’s population, the rising demand for water by industry, and the serious pollution of our surroundings, the world is facing the danger of running out of fresh water. Actually, in some big cities, fresh water cannot meet the daily needs. ?Therefore, to find new ways to save water is an urgent task. First, we should pass strict laws to control any waste of water. Second, scientists must work even harder to purify sea water and polluted water, and try to find substitutes to reduce the use of fresh water. 范文三： 1.大学生了解社会的必要性。 2. 了解社会的途径（大众媒介、社会服务等） 3. 我打算怎么做。

2009-2013年江苏专转本英语历年真题(含答案)

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