八年级英语上册 (短语、句型)知识点汇总 外研版

初二英语上册知识点（短语、句型）

1、如有always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a....,every...用大凡现在时，第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形，第三人称单数后跟动词加

“s“/“es“。

2、如有now,look!,listen,atthemoment....用现在进行时，结构是

be(am,is,are)+v-ing

3、如有tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,fromnowon,in+一段时

间,someday,next....用大凡将来时，结构：will + v原\ be going to +v原（没有动词用be）

4、如有yesterday, ......ago , last....just now.....用大凡过去时动词加edgive sb. Sth.=give sth. to sb.给某人某物every day每天,

write down写下，记下write it (them) down everyday每天的，日常的,

how about doing sth.=what about doing sth.做....怎么样each other互

相.thanks a lot= thank you very much非常谢谢

回答

That“sallright.=You“rewelcome.=That“OK.=It“smypleasure.=Notatall.Whydon“t

you+V原...=why not+...V原为什么不

help sb. with sth.在某方面帮助别人help sb. (to )do sth.帮助某人做某事with one“s help=with the help of sb.在某人的帮助help oneself to sth.请自用食物watch sb. do sth.看到某人做了某事，（现在没有做，做过）

watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事（正在做）see, hear类似

remember to do sth.想起记得要做某事，未做事remember doing sth.相起记得做过某事forget to do sth.忘记要做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事

welcome back欢迎回来, new term新学期

this term这学期, next term下学学期,

last term上学期, give you some advice给你一些建议why not为什么不, make a mistake=make mistakes犯错误correct spelling正确的拼写, what else?=what other things?还有什么

a piece of advice一条建议, follow /take one“s advice采用别人的建议,send sth to sb.=send sb. sth.寄给某人send for派人去请/取

send up发射. all the time一直

enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a great time=have fun,玩得欢愉

lots of =a lot of =many(可数)\much(不可数)许多, ,

spend : sb. spend some time on sth.某人花费时间做某事

sb. spend some time (in) doing sth.某人花费时间做某事

Sb. spend some money on sth.某人花费钱买某物

Sb. spend some money (in) buying sth.某人花费钱买某物

Cost: sth. cost sb. some money某物花去某人钱

pay: sb. pay some money for sth.某人支付钱

Take: It takes (took) sb.some time to do sth.做某事花去某人时间

ask for请求，要求, ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物

ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事a piece of一块

enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事.finish,practise, mind, miss ,consider,keep, continue,这些词语后跟动名词形式V-ing

place sth.in =put sth. in把某物放在…里面

else常修饰不定代词，关系代词或副词，也可修饰all,much,little等，else要位于其后。所有格为else“s.

take a deep breath深呼吸, catch\hold one“s breath屏住呼吸,

out of breath上气不接下气, wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事,

the number of…的数目，后跟名词复数，动词用三单, a number of =many,大量，许多后跟名词复数，动词用复数形式。a large number of，a small number of ,invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事find+ it+ adj+to do sth.发现做某事怎么样try to do sth.尽力做事try doing sth.尝试做某事

try not to do sth .尽力不做某事try one“s best尽某人最大的努力,a group of

一组，一群, borrow sth from sb.从某人处借入某物,lend sth.to

sb=lend sb.sth.借给某人某物keep借一段时间

practice doing sth.,练习做做某事come from=be from来自,

look for寻找, look after=care for=take care of照顾

look up向上看，查阅, look like看起来像,

look at看着, look on sb. as把某人看作,

look forward to doing sth.盼望，期待做某事look over检查，翻阅,look out当心，向外看, look through仔细查看,

be ready for =get ready for=prepare for为…, be ready准备好,be (get ) ready to do sth.准备做某事，乐意做某事

translate…into…将…译成…，

take a message捎个信，leave a message留个信，

be good for对…有好处，be good at =do well in擅长于…

be poor at =be bad at =do badly in=be weak in不擅长…Think of想起，think about想出，think over仔细考虑，

else修饰不定代词

something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody和who, what,when,where时放后，

四说，1,speak说语言，2.say说内容，3,talk与谁说，4,tell告诉，讲述，四看，1,watch观看电视，比赛和表演，2,see看人，电影，医生，风景，

3,read看书，报，4,look就看。看场电影要用see，读书看报用read电视、戏剧、比赛，凡是表演用watch,observe细观察，一时注意用notice.

make+宾语+补足语（形容词）使某人某物怎么样。

.make+宾语+do让某人做某事

make+宾语+过去分词使某人被怎么样；make friends with sb.与某人交朋友，hear of听说，hear from收到某人的来信，

be bad for对…无益，it is +adj.+of sb +to do sth.写性格，品质kind,good

nice ,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。

It is+adj+for sb +to do sth.对物的评价difficult,easy hard,dangerous,important,等

write to…给…写信，next to在…旁边，

do some concerts办音乐会，speak to sb.和某人讲话，

say hello to sb.给某人问好，say bye to sb.向某人说再见，

show sb. around somewhere带某人参观某地，

learn sth from sb.向某人学习

choose the correct answers选择正确答案, correct the mistakes改

错,match…with…把…和…搭配起来

建议：1.why don“t you do sth?=why not do sth?

2.How about doing sth?=what about doing sth?

3.You should /can do sth.

4.Remember to do sth.

5.Don“t forget to do sth.

6.can you do sth ?

7.Let“s do sth. 8.It“sa good idea to do

9.would you like to do ? 10.Shall we do

11.You“d better (not )do sth.

回答：That“s a good idea.Thanks a lot.

Great, OK. That“s right. All right. Good id ea. Sure.

MODULE2现在完成时：

1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或结果，常与

recently,ever,never,already,yet ,just,before still连用；

2.表示发生在过去并且一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for+时间段或since+时间点连用。

结构：have(has)+过去分词，

get into=enter进入, what“s the price of…=how much is…问价格dream about梦到, dream of梦见,

around the world=all over the world全世界,

stay with sb.与某人呆一起stay at home呆在家里,

stay in bed呆在床上, walk to =go to…on foot步行去

take off脱下，起飞, land on/in /at着路,

all over China,全中国, take a seat =have a seat请坐,

come ture实现, fly to =go to ...by plane(by air),坐飞机

drive to =go to…by car开车，at the end of在…尽头/结尾

sell out卖光, at the end在结束时,

have been to去过（现在不在那儿）,have gone to去了（现在不在说话地）everyday English日常英语，first price一等奖，

The most exciting experience最激动人心的经历，before long好久，

long before=soon=a little later很久以前，no problem没问题，

have a problem in doing sth.做某事有困难，work out a problem解决一个问题，invite sb to do sth,邀请某人做某事invite sb to some place邀请某人去某

地,one day,某一天，（过去或将来）some day某一天（将来）,

连系动词，一是be (am, is ,are ,was ,were,)一感觉feel，一保持keep，三变become,get turn，

四起来taste ,smell , look, sound，后跟形容词作表语。

不定代词：somebody, some one某人，anybody,anyone任何人nobody,no one，没人everyone,everybody每个人,something某物,anything任何物,nothing

没事,everything一切事物，修饰他们的形容词放后。

different kinds of =all kinds of例外种类的，各种各样的，

by the end of到…末为止，不迟于

give a concert=give concerts举办音乐会

in the end =finally最后，终于，

take a photo=take photos照相，店cook sth for sb.=cook sb.sth.为某人做饭buy,make

such+a /an +adj+单数名词=so +adj+a/an+单数名词(名前such，形副so，多多少少也用so,little属分外，“小”用such,少用so.)

交通工具的乘坐，take the(a)+交通工具to,=go...by+交通工具

=go...on/in+a(the)+交通工具(小汽车只能用in，其余的可用in ,on);

walk to some where=go to...on foot; fly to somewhere.=go ....by planeride to somewhere=go...by bike, drive to somewhere=go to by car,

a kind of一种, be kind to sb对某人友好since then从那时起，take off 脱下，起飞，请假, reckon=consider =regard =think考虑，认为,be reckoned (to be) ,被以为reckon....as...相当于

regard ...as...把当成in the photo,在照片里

go abroad,出国be abroad,在国外travel abroad,到国外旅行

sell out,卖光sell to ,卖给某人sell well卖得好,四个也：also,肯定，行前be 后；too肯定，句末；either,否定，句末；as well,肯定，句末。

go to sleep,去睡觉the price of,....的价格，形容价格用high,low。

sell sth at a high price,以高价出售，sell sth at a low price,以低价出售。

yet ,用于完成时态的否定句和疑问句中；have a wonderful time玩得高兴,

would like to do sth=want to do sth,想要做某事

would like sb. to do sth=wat sb to do sth想要某人做某事

MODULE3

already早已，用于完成时的肯定,；yet,用于完成时的否定和疑问；just,用于完成时just now=a moment ago用于过去时,

arrive at (小地方)/in(大地方)=reach=get to ,到达

bring,从外往里拿，take ,从里往外拿，carry无方向, fetch往返拿,more than ,=over,多于less than,少于

alone,个体单独，独自；lonely,孤独，寂寞，也表示荒废，

most of.. ..的大多数, a visit to对...的参观,

on a visit to....,参观... for a visit参观, pay a visit to ,拜访

as ...as....和....一样not as ...as..=not so ...as不如,so...that如此...以致于....如果that后是否定,就可以用too...to转换,如果是肯定就用,形容+enough(for sb )to do sth.

be famous for因...面出名(原因), be famous as以...身份或产地而出名prefer doing sth. to doing sth.=like doing sth better than doing sth更喜欢做某事,

prefer to更喜欢... prefer to do sth rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事,return from a visit to从...访问返回,

be named after以...的名字命名,

be proud of以....自豪, be up to sb.由某人决定,

up to从事于,忙于, space station在太空站,

show sth to sb.=show sb sth把某物给某人看, on business出差,因...公事,在...的上面over,在..上面,正上方,中间有段空间,反义为under

on在...上面,贴着物表,反义beneath, above在..上方,高出,反义below

in the sky=in the air在天空中, by air=by plane坐飞机,

in the last three years在过去三年里,用于现在完成时,

none用于三个以上的全否定，反义为all；neither两个都不，反义为both,

the lastest news,最新消息，share sth.with sb.与分享某物

MODULE4 get on /along with sb,与...相处, get on well with sb.与...相处融洽hear about ,hear of听说, in fact实际上,

the Hope Schools,希望学校look after=take care of =care for,照顾

drop out of school,缀学take part in,参加

pay for ,支付,付钱how long ,多长时间

how soon,多久get on badly with ,与...相处不好

hear from sb.收到某人的信，邮件等on the farm ,在农场上

in the last+一段时间,in th past +一段时间in the recent+一段时间,这三个用于现在完成时

because of因为...... , sell sth.to sb.=sell sb .sth.,把某物卖给某人

buy sth from ...buy sth for sb..给某人买东西get an education接受教育,take part in=join参加, in good/bad health身体康健/不康健,care about关心,在乎, take care当心,

how often隔多久一次, stop doing sth.停止做某事,

stop to do sth.停下来去做别的事, dress /undressr+人,

put on/wear/take off+衣, drop out退出,离队,

drop in顺便来访, drop out of school退学

point at指着, point to指向put on one“s clothes穿上衣服

with the help of sb.=wiht sb“s help在别人的帮助下

without the help of sb.无人帮助的情况at home and abroad在国内外

非延续性动词变为延续动词：

buy--have open--be open join --be in borrow--keep die ---be deadleave--be away come here---be here go there--be there begin--be onfinish--be over make friends--be friends get ready--be ready buy--get /havearrive/get to

/reach/come--be in \be at /stay, put on--have on /wear get up--beup

可延续性动词不可以与for或since连用，非延续性动词的否定式也可以和for /since连用.

other其他的，另外的，别的；another另一个人或事物；

the other两个中的另一个；the others其余的，剩下的人或事物；others其他的，另外的，别的人或物

MODULE 5 on earth ,究竟，到底，可用在

when ,what ,who,where,how ,which,why等之后，相当于in the world,用在否定句中相当于not ...at all；

a fan of ,...的迷give a concert =give concerts,举行音乐会be famous for ,因..而出名(后+人或物某方面的特点,特长)

be famous as ,作为...而闻名(后+身份职业)

at the age of =when sb.was...years old,在...岁的时候

not only....but also..不仅..而且(就近原则)上classical music,古典音乐belong to ,属于sth belong to sb.物属于人

across ,从一定范围内的一边到另一边,表面进行through,从中间通过或穿过,里面进行;over上方通过,不接触表面;

hear of听说, be born出生, go through穿过,I“m not sure我不确定, I“m sure肯定,

make sb.+adj使某人怎么样, make sb .do sth.使某人做某事,

take sb. around带人四处走走, a piece of music一首乐曲,

in addition to除...以外,buy him a guitar=buy a guitar for him给某人买吉他,go on with sth.继续做某事, go on doing sth.继续做某事,

die of患..而死,常接hunger, cold, illness,cancer内部原因,

die from由于..,而死,常接a wound ,an accident,carelessness外部原因,

learn to do sth学做某事, learn from sb.向某人学习,

Learn...by heart熟记,背诵, learn one“s lesson from...从...中吸取教训,反意疑问句:

1.先断“定“,判断是否定或肯定.

如有not ,never, few, little, hardly, no ,nobody,seldom,nothing等词,则是否定,后面该用肯定.

2.后找“动“,观察前面的动词,若含有或情态动词直接用,若为实义动词原形,用do,三单用does,过去式用did, had better用had

3.换代,主语定代词,三单用he,she,it,复用theywe;somebody,nobody类似的用they,和thing一起的用

4.肯定祈使句，反问句部分可用will you /won“t you？否定祈使句，用will you？

5.Let“s...用shall we? let us....用will you?,

6.在think,believe,suppose+从句结构中，疑问句部分与从句保持一致，同时主句的否定转移到从句中;但第二，三人称与主句保持一致：

Idon“tthinkyouhavedoneit,haveyou? /He doesn“t think you have done it ,does he?即：当主句人称是一，从句是二时，看二；当主句是三时，就看三。

7.回答只针对事实作答;Yes+肯定,No+否定

give sb.sth=give sth.to sb.给某人某物,give in投降,

give up doing sth放弃, give out分发,

give a way to对...让步, on the earth在地球上,

both....and既....又.....就近原则neither....nor既不....又不,就近原则either...or 要么....要么.there be, not only...but also就近原则,,

may be可能是. maybe=perhaps大概,也许

In addition to ..除...以外(还有) =besides, but除..之外,,常与否定意义词连用,当but前有do时but后接原形, except,除....之外(不包括)

on holiday度假, of course=,sure当然

all types of呼种, part time job,一份兼职工作

on one“s own独自, be led by由....带领

过去进行时

用法：1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或正存在的状态，大凡常和atthattime,at点yesterday, then, last night,this time yesterday ,the whole morning,when I arrived等特定的过去时间连用。

2.表示一个过去动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行或两个延续性过去的动作同时进行,常与when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。结构：was /were +V-ing

Goon继续,go on to do sth继续做某事(另一件事), go on doing sth继续做某事(同一件事)go on with sth继续做同一件事,但中间暂停过,

How is it going ?=How are you getting on /along?近况如何?

by the river,在河边

at this time yesterday昨天的这个时候, in a tree=in the tree ,在树上(外来物)on a tree =on the tree,在树上,(树本身的) smile at sb.朝着某人微笑,laugh at sb.嘲笑某人fall into ,掉进,跌入

fall off掉下来, fall behind ,落伍,跟不上

fall in love with,爱上be careful,小心

by mistake由于出错at that /this time在那/这时

have nothing to do没事可做, nothing strange没什么奇怪的，take sth. out of ....把...从...拿出来, happen to do sth.碰巧做某事

感官动词see ,hear ,watch,feel ,notice,smell,taste后+名词或代词+动词原形(表示动作已经发生)后+名词或代词+Ving(表示动作正在进行)

under th hedge在树篱下面, go down下去,

think about考虑, think of想起，认为,

think over仔细考虑, think out,想出

think hard,努力想，努力思考What happened to sb.?某人发生了什么事？be on上演，go off熄灭，停，

英语中当几个单数人称同时作主语时，先后顺序是“二、三、一”

not ...until直到....才......(主句中常用非延续性动词)

till/until直到......为止(主句中常用延续性动词)

something wrong with...,出了毛病, lie in bed躺在床上,

jump out of从...跳出来,on one“s way to someplace,在某人去某地的路上

on one“s way home在某人回家的路上,from ....to,从...到....(动词

+Ving)when,while ,as的区别当...时候

When可与持续性动词连用,表示“一段时间,“也可与短暂性动词连用,表示“时刻“.主句的动作可以与从句的动作同时发生,也可以先后发生.如果主从句都是短暂性动词时,只能用When

While表示主句和从句的动作同时发生.其从句的动词必须为延续性动词,从句多用进行时态,也可用表示状态的动词的大凡时态.如果主从句都是进行时,只能用While

as与When同义,但as指主句的动作和从句的动作交替进行或同步发展.

wear out穿坏,穿旧,用坏, cheer up使振奋;使兴奋,

follow one“s advice听从某人的建议, look into向...的里面看,

stop to do sth.停下做另一件事stop doing sth.停止做某事

stop ...from doing sth.阻止....做某事, what kind哪种,

a kind of一种, all kinds of =different kinds of各种各样的,kind of =a bit=a little有点, walk along沿着....走,

by mistake错误地，无意地, by oneself单独，独立地,

by the way,顺便说墙的表面用on，墙的内部用in

have something to do有事可做,have something to eat有可吃的东西,

have nothing to drink没有什么喝的东西feel tired感到困乏

no one,大凡不与of连用，动词用单数，只指人，大凡用来回答who

none ,可与of连用，动词可用单数或复数，指人或物，回答how many /how much引导的问句，以及含any+n的大凡问句

Nothing，指物，动词用单数，

without doing sth.没做，be tired=get tired累了，

during the day一整天，

被动语态的结构是：be+及物动词的过去分词

变法：1主+谓+宾语.将宾语变作主语,将谓语变被动语态,将主语变by宾语.

2.主+谓+间宾+直宾将间接宾语变作主语,谓语变成被动语态,直接宾语不变.

3主+谓+直宾+间宾+to或for将直变主,将谓变被告,其余不变.by原主

4.主+谓+宾+宾补宾作主,谓变被,其余不变,by原主.

5.主+谓+宾+宾补

(let,see,make,hear,watch,feel,help,notice,observe,lookat ,listen

to )变为被动时，后加to

6.主+短语动词+宾语，宾作主，短变被，其余不变,by原主.

7.带有be going to,be about to ,be to ,have to ,used to ,be supposed to ,be sureto等要将to后来动词变以被动

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Unｉt １whａt′s tｈe mattｅｒ? ?单词 ?词组 Liｅ dｏｗn anｄrest 躺下休息 seｅ a dentist瞧牙医 See a doctｏr＝go to a doctor 瞧医生 Go ｔo see ａ dｏｃtor 去瞧医生 Ｈot tea ｗiｔh honｅy 热蜂蜜茶（注意用介词wiｔh）Ｔａkｅ one′s tempｅrａtｕre 量体温 put sｏmｅ medｉcｉｎe on it 敷药 Put ａ banｄage oｎ it 包扎 Ｈａve a fｅｖer 发烧haｖｅ a cｏld 感冒 Ｉn ｔhｅsａme ｗay 用同样得方式 sａvｅ a life 拯救生命 Ｔake ｂreａks 休息ｔo ｏne′s suｒｐrise 令某人惊奇 ｔhａnks tｏ多亏了,由于 thａｎks fｏr因为……而感谢 Cuｔ／ｈurt onｅｓeｌｆ切了/伤了某人自己 （hurt hiｍself伤了她自己) Sｈouｔfor ｈeｌp 呼救ｔakｅ riｓｋs 冒险 In ｔime 及时ｏｎ time 准时

Rigｈt away 立刻，马上 giｖe ｕp 放弃ｇive ｉn 屈服 Ｈave a nosｅｂleed 流鼻血 Sｏ thaｔ以便 sｏ…ｔｈat…如此……以至于 在考试中得运用: 1、Mｙfather ｌikes tｅa noｔhing in iｔ。 A oｆ Ｂｗithｏｕt C ｗｉth Ｈot ｔea ｗitｈ honｅｙ热蜂蜜茶(注意用介词wｉth） 2、 hｅr ｈusbａnd，she has nｏｗ beｅ a famous fiｌm ｓｔar。 A、beｃaｕse B ｔhanｋｓｔo C thａnkｓ for 3、，hｉs studenｔs all pasｓed thｅ exaｍ lasｔterm。 A TO his surprise B TO tｈeir suｒprise Ｃ TＯ his su ｒpｒise 4、mａｙbｅ yoｕshｏuld a dentｉst toｍorrｏｗ A waｔcｈＢ visit Ｃｓee ?重点（语法） 1、表示疼痛得名词或名词词组,大多数采用“身体部位+ache"或“s ｏre＋身体部位”得构成形式，一般情况下,除了头(head)、牙（toot ｈ)、胃（sｔｏｍach)用“身体部位+ache”外,其她身体部位得疼痛都用“soｒe＋身体部位"得构成形式.但背部（back)比较特殊，既可以用“身体部位＋ache"也可以用“soｒe+身体部位"得构成形式。

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基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： (1)will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? (2)there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won't 否定句构成：will + not (won't)+do Sarah won't come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词+will+主语+…?What will Sarah do next Sunday? (二) should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。 Students shouldn't spend too much time playing computer games. 学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。 学习向别人提建议的几种句式： (1)I think you should… (2)Well, you could… (3)Maybe you should … (4)Why don't you…? (5)What about doing sth.? (6)You'd better do sth. (三) 过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。 1. 构成 was /were + doing，例如：

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1.want sb to do sth 想要某人干某事 2.try to do sth 尽力干某事 3. try not to do sth 尽力不干某事 4. try one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力干某事 5. try on 试穿have a try 试一试 6. although /though 引导让步状语从句，“即使，虽然”，不能与but 连用，但可与yet, still 连用。 7.finish doing sth 结束干某事 8.can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待地干某事 9.decide to do sth 决定干某事decide not to do sth 决定不干某事.decide on doing sth 决定干某事同义词组: make a decision to do sth = make up one’s mind to do sth = decide to do sth 10.plan to do sth 计划干某事11.think about doing sth 考虑干某事12.go + v-ing 的用法: 13.:It’s + adj +for /of sb to do sth 同义句：1).I t’s +adj +for sb +to do sth = To do sth + be +adj 2).It’s +adj +of sb +to do sth = Sb +be +adj + to do sth 14. 1).take the train to …=go to …by train take the bus to …= go to …by bus 2).fly to …= go to …by plane /air walk to …. = go to …on foot ride a bike to …= go to …. by bike My uncle went to New York last week . 15. 1).It +takes +sb.+时间+to do sth 2).sb. +spend +时间+on sth (in doing sth ). 16. A +be +距离+from +sb = It’s +距离+from A+ to sb. 17.leave ,leave for , leave …for …1).leave +地点“离开某地”2).leave for +地点“前往某地”=go to +某地3).leave +某地+for +某地“离开某地前往某地” 18.all …not = not all “并非都”部分否定注：not 与all /both /every ….. 连用构成部分否定。19.the number of / a number of 1).a number of 许多= a lot of /many , number 前可用large /small 来修饰，a large / small number of ….. 作主语时，谓语用复数。2).the number of ….的数量, 作主语时，谓语用单数。20. 1).ill 用在系动词之后作表语。 2).sick 既可以放在系动词之后作表语也可放在名词之前作定语。21.表示客气地请求某人干某事1). Would you like to do sth ? 2).Could you please do sth ? 3).Will /Would you please do sth ? 4).Can you do sth ? 22. 1). be busy with sth .忙于某事2).be busy doing sth 忙于干某事3).be busy 的反义词组be free / have time I am busy tomorrow 23. 1).whole 一般置于冠词，物主代词或其他限定词之后，all 位于限定词之前。2).一般不修饰不可数名词，all 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。24.however / but however “然而，可是”用于句首或句中，须用逗号隔开。而but 不用逗号隔开。25. 1).most of the +复数名词“…..中的大多数”2).most +复数名词“大多数的…….” 26. 1).beat:打败后面接打败的人或对象beat sb 2).win:赢后面接比赛的项目(race , game , match , prize …..) 3).lose:输lose to sb 输给某人lose sth 输了某物27.do you think 作为插入语1).位置：放在疑问词之后2).语序：后面的句子用陈述句语序。 28.常见的不可数名词：weather work food news advice information fun music paper water 29. 1).afford 常与情态动词can , can’t , could , couldn’t 连用2).afford 后面接名词或代词不定时。3).同义句：can’t afford to do sth = sb don’t /doesn’t have enough money to do sth . 30. 1).listen to …仔细倾听强调听的过程2).hear …听到、听见强调听的结果3).sound …. 系动词“听起来…….”后面接形容词而sound like +名词31. 1).not as…as 之间要用原级2).同义句：A + not as/so…as +B= A + 形容词的反义词的比较级+ than + B = B + 形容词的比较级+ than +A 32. finally = at last = in the end Finally he came up with an idea 33.turn on / open 的区别：1.turn on ：指打开水流，煤气，电灯，电视，收音机等电器的开关。 2.open：指关着的门，窗，箱子打开。 34.into/ in 的区别： 1.into表示“到……里面去”，进入到……某空间里。属于动态介词。 2.in表示“在……里面”，在某一空间或范围之内。属于静态介词。 35. too…to…= not…enough to …= so…that…. 36.：called = named = with the name (of) ?37. 1.see sb do sth :看见某人做了某事 2.see sb doing sth .看见某人正在做某事(注)：类似的动词有：hear ,watch ,notice 等。省to的不定式变被动语态时，需带上