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翻译之习语

翻译之习语
翻译之习语

speak one’s mind 直抒胸臆

fish in troubled water 浑水摸鱼

in deep water 水生火热

turn up one’s nose at 趾高气昂

keep one’s nose out of sth 不要多管闲事

touch and go 一触即发

破斧成舟 burn one’s boats

大惊小怪 make a fuss about trifles

颠倒黑白 put the cart before the horse

视而不见

得意忘形get dizzy with success

Look before you leap. 三思而后行

Make hay while the sun shines. . 趁热打铁

There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪

Ill news travels fast. 坏事传千里

Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧

欲速则不达. More haste less speed

出门一里,不如家里.

皇天不负苦心人.

小巫见大巫. The moon is not seen when the sun shines

1.I’m all ears 我洗耳恭听

2. A poke one’s nose into sth 爱管闲事

3.Cast pearls before swine (pig) 对牛弹琴

4.Poll ones leg 开玩笑

5.Sing a different tune 唱反调

6.Child’s play 简单的小把戏

7.Eat one’s words 收回所说的话,承认错误

8.Fish in troubled water 浑水摸鱼

9.Like father like son 有其父必有其子

10.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start

11.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul

12.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.

13.活到老,学到老 One is never too old to learn.

14.金无足赤,人无完人 Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.

15.老生常谈,陈词滥调 cut and dried, cliché

16.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧 Where there is life, there is hope.

17.弄巧成拙 be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself.

18.说曹操,曹操到 Talk of the devil and he comes.

19.像热锅上的蚂蚁 like an ant on a hot pan

20.一言既出,驷马难追 A real man never goes back on his words.

21.欲速则不达 Haste does not bring success.

22.纸包不住火 Truth will come to light sooner or later.

23.百闻不如一见 Seeing it once is better than being told 100 times. /A picture i

s worth ten thousand works

习语的翻译

习语的形成:历史影响

苛政猛于虎

Tyranny Is Fiercer Than a Tiger

A stick –and –carrot policy

大棒加胡萝卜政策(软硬兼施)

Meet one’s Waterloo

遭遇滑铁卢

习语的形成:神话传说

The Heel of Achilles

阿基里斯之踵

The Sword of Damocles

达摩克利斯之剑

Pandora’s Box

潘多拉魔盒

习语的形成:宗教影响

玉皇大帝

The Jade Emperor

Adam’s apple

喉结

Since Adam was a boy

自盘古开天辟地以来

Judas’s kiss

犹大之吻

A land flowing with milk and honey

鱼米之乡

The king and the pope, the lion and the wolf 国王教皇,狮子豺狼

习语的形成:地理环境影响

swim or sink

孤注一掷

Tell that to the marines

哪有那样的事(鬼才信呢)

any port in a storm

风暴到来不择港(慌不择路)

Carry coal to Newcastle

海水不可斗量

The sea can not be measured by bushel

天涯海角

the ends of the earth

不到长城非好汉

If you fail to reach the Great Wall , you are not a man

大海捞针

Look for a needle in a hay stack

习语的形成:客观世界影响

Show the white feather

胆怯

Fish begins to stink at the head

上梁不正下梁歪

Draw water in sieve

竹篮打水(以筛取水)

An empty sack can not stand upright.

空袋立不直(无理寸步难行)

A small leak will sink a great ship

千里之堤,溃于蚁穴

Cats hide their claws

知人知面不知心

Diamonds cut diamonds

棋逢对手

It is six of one and half a dozen of the other

半斤八两

One can not be in two places at once

一心不可二用。

翻译方法:直译法

A stony heart

铁石心肠

After a storm comes a calm。

风暴之后是宁静。

Best fish swim near the bottom

好鱼游水底。

Don’t shed crocodile tears

别流鳄鱼泪

意译法

That is just we call a leopard can not change its spots.

真是江山易改,本性难移(狗改不了吃屎)

I chKick someone when he is down.

落井下石

A flash in a pan

昙花一现

He has one foot in the grave.

他已是风烛残年。

Fine feathers make a fine bird

人靠衣装,佛靠金装oose the dead lion in preference to the living dog. 我也只读过去的佳作,不读当代的次品。

Pull out the evil by the roots.

斩草除根

Every life has its roses and thorns.

人有悲欢离合

An old dog can learn no new tricks

老顽固不能接受新事物

Bad workmen often blame their tools

不会撑船怪河弯

直译、意译

A little pot is soon hot

壶小易热

量小易怒

不劳而获

Reap without sowing

Profit by others’ toil.

真金不怕火。

True gold fears no fire.

A person of integrity can stand severe tests

Money talks.

金钱最有发言权。

金钱万能。

Make hay while the sun shines

晒草趁天晴。

勿失良机。

If the sky falls, we shall catch the lark

天塌下来,正好抓云雀。

不要杞人忧天。

The pot calls the kettle black

罐子嫌壶黑

五十步笑百步

照译原文,附加说明

The tongue is a fire

口舌如火,火能伤人,口舌亦然。

The tree is known by its fruits

观其果知其树,观其行知其人。

A rolling stone gather no moss.

滚石不生苔,常换工作不聚财。

There are more other fish in the fish.

海里的鱼多的是。(机会多的是。其他的人有的是。)The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.

心有余而力不足。

A word spoken is past recalling

君子一言,驷马难追。

You can not make your horse work without feeding her.

又想马儿跑,又想马儿不吃草。

at the end of one’s rope

穷途末路

Better die with honor than live with shame

宁为玉碎,不为瓦全

All things are difficult before they are easy.

万事开头难。

A beggar’s purse is botto mless

乞丐的口袋填不满

A chain is no stronger than its weakest link

一环薄弱,全局皆跨

Teach fish to swim

班门弄斧

All good things must come to an end

天下没有不散的宴席。

A burnt child fears the fire .

一朝被蛇咬十年怕井绳。

Nothing seek, nothing find.

没有追求, 没有成就。

One man, no man.

孤掌难鸣。

Always prepare for rainy day.

未雨绸缪。

You can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar.

好话比尖刻言词更管用。

A word to the wise.

智者一言足矣。

As you brew, so must you drink.

自作自受。

Butter to butter is no relish.

千篇一律的东西让人生厌。

A close mouth catches no flies.

嘴紧不惹祸。

The darkest place is under the candlestick .

当局者迷。

Drops of water outwear the stone.

滴水穿石。

Every man has a fool in his sleeve .

聪明一世, 糊涂一时

Good wine needs no bush.

酒香不怕巷子深.

Hold a candle to the sun.

多此一举

Set a beggar on the horseback and he will ride to the devil.

Every bean has its black.

人各有所短。

Give a dog a bad name and hang him.

欲加之罪,何患无辞。

Time will tell

日久自明。花子发财得意忘形。

Faults are thick where love is thin

一朝情义淡,样样不顺眼。

Two of trade never agree.

同行是冤家。

Sell the bear’s skin before one has caught the bear.

熊未捕到先卖皮(过早乐观)

Opportunity knocks but once.

机不可失,时不在来。

Absence makes the heart grow fonder.

久别情深。

All is fish that comes to his net.

来者不拒

Where there is life, there is hope.

留得青山在,不怕没柴烧

A watched pot never boils.

心急水不开。

Habit is the second nature.

习惯成自然。

Actions speak louder than words.

事实胜于雄辩。

All his geese are swans .

他总是言过其实。

You may go farther and fare worse.

走得越远情形越坏。(要知足常乐)

You can not make omelet without breaking eggs.

要炒蛋必须先打破蛋。(鱼和熊掌不可兼得)

A young idler, an old beggar.

少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。

Out of office, out of danger

无官一身轻。

No mill, no meal.

不劳不获。

With time and patience the leaf of the mulberry becomes satin(绸缎). 只要工夫深,铁杵磨成针。

The lion is not so fierce as he is painted.

狮子并没有人们画得那么凶。(传闻往往言过其实)

Harm set, harm get.

害人反害己。

See no farther than one’s nose

鼠目寸光(as short-sighted as mice)

一个巴掌拍不响

It takes two to make an quarrel

天下兴亡、匹夫有责

Everybody is responsible for the rise and fall of the country “诸子百家”

the masters’ hundred schools.

己所不欲,勿施于人

Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you Put the cart before the horse

本末倒置

The grass is greener on the other side of the hill.

这山望着那山高。

Murder will out.

纸包不住火

Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.

愚者无畏(初生牛犊不怕虎)

Cast pearls before swine.

对牛弹琴

Go through fire and water

赴汤蹈火

It is no use crying over spilt milk.

覆水难收

All time is no time when it is past

机不可失,时不再来。

No cross, no crown

不吃苦中苦,难为人上人

Poverty is stranger to industry.

勤劳之人不受穷。

Bad news has wings.

好事不出门,坏事传千里

Do well and have well

善有善报。

Courtesy on one side only lasts not long.

来而不往非礼也。

Safe bind, safe find.

捆得牢,丢不了。

Too thick doesn’t stick.

亲不敬,熟生蔑。

Wit once bought is worth twice taught.

付出代价长一智,胜过别人教两次。

Discretion is the better part of valor.

好汉不吃眼前亏.

30个习语的英文翻译

30个习语的英文翻译English Translations of Chinese Idioms 1. No shame in asking questions, even topeople of lower status. 不耻下问。 2. No one knows a son better than the father. 知子莫若父。 3. Three humble shoemakers' brainstormingwill make a great statesman. 三个臭皮匠,赛过诸葛亮。 4. Kill a chicken before a monkey. 杀鸡儆猴。 5. Too many cooks spoil the broth. 人多反误事。 6. No wind, no waves. 无风不起浪。 7. Lift a stone only to drop on your own feet. 搬起石头砸自己的脚。 8. A camel standing amidst a flock of sheep.

9. An inch of time is an inch of gold but youcan't buy that inch of time with an inc h ofgold. 一寸光阴一寸金,寸金难买寸光阴。 10. Only when all contribute their firewoodcan they build up a strong fire. 众人拾柴火焰高。 11. An ant may well destroy a whole dam. 千里之堤毁于蚁穴。 12. One cannot refuse to eat just becausethere is a chance of being choked. 因噎废食。 13. If a son is uneducated, his dad is toblame. 子不教,父之过。 14. A closed mind is like a closed book; just a block of wood. 呆若木鸡。 15. When you are poor, neighbors close by will not come; once you become rich, you'll besurprised by visits from (alleged) rel ativesafar. 穷在闹市无人问,富在深山有远亲。 16. Bad things never walk alone.

英汉习语翻译策略

Cultural Default Reflected in Proverb T ranslation between English and Chinese and the Compensation Strategies Absrtact:Proverbs are the accumulation of human’s experience and wisdom. Different proverbs transmit different cultural information. If those cultural elements are not taken into consideration in the process of translation, cultural misunderstanding or cultural loss would arise. To deal with the cultural default in Chinese and English proverb translation, the author puts forward some compensation strategies. Key Words: Proverb Translation; Cultural Default; Compensation Strategy I. Introduction Proverbs are the crystals of human intelligence and experience. They do not only reflect human civilization but also enrich human life and make language more colorful. They are culturally influenced, thus bringing up difficulties in translation. As different nations have different cultures, whose uniqueness inevitably bring certain communication barriers between different countries and regions. Those differences may sometimes be culturally-specific, which means that what belongs to one culture may be vacant in another culture. This usually results in cultural vacuum, or in other words, cultural default. The translation between Chinese and English proverbs is affected greatly by the cultural elements of Chinese and English-speaking countries. Therefore, it is of great importance to find some compensation strategies to deal with the cultural default during the process of translation. Cultural default, if well handled, can improve the effectiveness of translation and enhance the communication. II. Cultural Default in Proverb Translation 1. Definition and Current Studies of Cultural Default Cultural default is a common phenomenon in communication, either in written texts or in colloquial form, and it has been attracting the attention of many scholars in recent years. Wang Dongfeng (2000: 234) defines it as “absence of relevant cultural background knowledge shared by the author and his intended

习语翻译

Translating/Interpreting Idioms 习语翻译 1.Idiom for Idiom(以习语译习语)。请找出下列习语相应的英/汉习语: (1)水滴石穿 (2)破釜沉舟 (3)隔墙有耳 (4)积少成多 (5)三思而后行 (6)无风不起浪 (7)一箭双雕 (8)一言既出,驷马难追 (9)种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆 (10)谋事在人,成事在天 (11)The burnt child dreads the fire. (12)Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. (13)Where there is a will, there is a way. (14)Strike while the iron is hot. (15)To fish in the air (16)Don’t wash your dirty linen in public. (17)To kill the goose that lays golden eggs (18)All good things must come to an end.

(19) A fall to the pit, a gain in your wit. (20)Hungry dogs will eat dirty puddings. There is no smoke without fire. Walls have ears. As you sow, so will you reap. Look before you leap. Man proposes, god disposes. To burn one’s boats What is said cannot be unsaid. Many a little makes a mickle. Constant dripping wears the stone. To kill two birds with one stone. 吃一堑,长一智。 有志者,事竟成。 缘木求鱼 饥不择食 天下没有不散的筵席。 宁为鸡头,勿为凤尾。 趁热打铁 家丑不可外扬。 一朝被蛇咬,十年怕草绳。

第17 课翻译难点--习语译法(1)

第17 课翻译难点--习语译法(1) 习语是民族语言中的精华。它短小精悍、寓意深刻,具有浓郁的民族文化特色。 英语习语可包括成语、谚语、俗语、俚语等,其结构既有短语、又有分句、还有 句子。把英语习语译成汉语首先要正确理解其含义,认识其文化特点,注意英汉 习语之间的异同,然后运用正确的方法翻译。在准确地传达原习语的意义的同时, 还应充分考虑到原文的浓郁民族风格--不同的文化背景、不同的思维方式、不同 的文法和表达习惯。 一、英汉习语比较 从形和义的角度来看,英汉习语的异同大体表现在以下四个方面:A.英汉习语形义全同, 这类习语为数少,例如: Barking dogs do not bite. 吠犬不咬人。 Who is contented, enjoys. 知足者常乐。 Misfortunes never come singly. 祸不单行。 It is harder to change human nature than to change rivers and mountains. 江山难改,本性难移。 Like father, like son. 有其父必有其子。

B. 习语形义基本相同, 这类习语比上面一类在数量上要多些,例如:as light as a feather(or as thistle-down) 轻如鸿毛 to take a load off one's mind 如释重负 to run in the same groove; to cut from the same cloth. 如出一辙 to make a beast of oneself 形同禽兽 He that hath been bitten by a serpent is afraid of a rope. 一朝被蛇咬,十年怕草绳。 Shallow streams make most din. 水深不响,水响不深。 Money makes the mare go. 有钱能使鬼推磨。 Reckless youth makes rueful age. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。 C.英汉习语形似义异,这类习语相当多,例如: When a dog is drowning every one offers him drink. (狗若落水人人救,强调人人伸 出援 之手。) 救了落水狗,反咬你一口(强调好心得不到好报) Ignorance of the law is no excuse of breaking it. (法盲犯法不可恕,强调严格执行法 律。)

英语习语的翻译

英语习语的翻译 徐丹 (凯里学院外国语学院贵州凯里556000) 摘要:习语在英语语言中占重要地位,由于英语习语是人们智能的反映和历史的积淀,具有独特的文化特性,最大化的构成了语言和文化间的差异。因此,对于英语学习者来说,正确的理解、翻译英语习语是十分必要,也是必不可少的。本文简要阐述了英语习语的几种基本译法以及翻译时应注意的问题。 关键词:英语习语;翻译;方法 1.前言 众所周知,每一种语言都是一个民族智慧与文化的载体,其中的习语更是不可或缺的重要组成部分,含有丰富的社会和文化内涵。英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一,英语中的习语十分丰富,它们从各个方面反映出以英语作为本族语的人民的生活哲理、道德观念、行为准则和风土人情。作为一种语言现象,习语是英语国家口头表达出现率最频繁的语言。在英语语言表达的生动性,凝炼性及使用频繁程度方面,习语更是首选。 1.1习语的定义 英语习语有两个特征:一是语义的统一性(semantic unity):二是结构的固定性(structural stability)。习语(idioms)是个固定词组的词组,在语义上是个不可分割的统一体,其整体的意义往往不能从组成习语的各个词汇意义中揣测出来。从结构上看,习语也有本身的完整性,其中的各个组成部分是固定的,不可任意拆开或替换。习语是约定俗成、有固定寓意的语言。 习语的范围很广,包括成语(set phrases)、谚语(proverbs)、俗语(colloquialisms)、俚语(slangs)、典故(allusions)、格言(sayings)和比喻性词组(metaphorical phrases)等,是语言经过长期反复使用后而自然积淀下来的固定词组、短语或短句,其形式固定,其寓意深远。正确的理解和翻译英语习语对一个英语学习者来说是尤为重要的。 2.英语习语的翻译方法 2.1直译(literal translation) 直译法,顾名思义,就是在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误的联想的条

习语的翻译方法

习语的翻译方法 语言之间的互相翻译不但有利于各国文化的交流,更有利于语言的发展。在做翻译工作时最怕碰上习语多的文章。为了忠于原著,译文心须既保持它的外国风味,又要符合本国文字的要求,而翻译习语却是最难把这两个标准一同达到的。 为了要适当地把外国语言中的习语翻译出来,有经验的翻译工作者一般采取下列几种方法: 1.直译法----就是按照文字的字面意思直接翻译过来,例如汉语中的“纸老虎”直译成“paper tiger”,外国人看起来不但深明其义,而且觉得很是传神,所以现已成为正式的英美民族语言。另外,我们口中的“丢脸”也被直译为“lose face”,“走狗”译成为“running dog”。由于中国热而大为外国人欢迎的“功夫”音译成“kung fu”等也算是直译法的一种。 2.同义习语借用法——两种语言中有些同义习语无论在内容、形式和色彩上都有相符合,它们不但有相同的意思或隐义,面且有相同的或极相似的形象或比喻。翻译时如果遇到这种情况不妨直载了当地互相借用。比方说汉语中有一句习语是“隔墙有耳“,英语中却有”walls have ears”,两句话字、义两合,无懈可击。我们说“火上加油”,英国人则说”to add fuel to the flame”,两者也完全一样。 3.意译法——有些习语无法直译,也无法找到同义的习语借用,则只好采用意译的方法来对待.例如汉语中的”落花流水”用来表示被打得大败之意,译成英文便是“to be shattered to pieces”。“乌烟瘴气“形容情形混乱不堪,可用“chaos”来表达。 4.省略法—汉语中有一种情况,就是习语中有的是对偶词组,前后含意重复。偶到这种情况时可用省略法来处理,以免产生画蛇添足之感。例如“铜墙铁壁”可译成“wall of bronze”已经足够,实在无须说成“wall of copper and iron”。“街谈巷议”在意义上也是重复的,所以译成“street gossip”便可以了。 5.增添法—为了要更清楚地表达原意,有时要结合上下文的需要,在译文中增添一些说明。例如“树倒猢狲散”可译成“Once the tree falls, the monkeys on it will flee helter-skelter,”其中helter-skelter是“慌慌张张”之意,是增添的成分,原文虽无其字而有其义,加了使形象突出,有声有色。 6.还原法—一些习语源于外语,翻译时可使之还原。例如“夹着尾巴”应译成”with the tail between the legs”;“战争贩子”是英文 “war-monger”的中译;“蓝图”则是“blue-print”的中译等. 上面提出的六种习语翻译法是比较常用的,如果能掌握好,已够一般的需要。在一些著作的翻译本中,往往还看到作者利用注释来说明习语的意义,因为有些习语只能在历史背景和典籍出处说明后才能充分表表明其意思,三言两语是无法表达的。

对应中文习语翻译

天长地久——as old as the hills 泰然自若——as cool as a cumber 水中捞月——to fish in the air 苦如黄连——as bitter as wormwood 鸡皮疙瘩——goose-flesh 轻如鸿毛——as light as a feather 旁观者清——The onlooker sees most of the game 艳如桃李——as red as rose 狐假虎威——ass in the lion’s skin 物以类聚——Birds of a feather flock together 非驴非马——Neither fish, nor flesh, nor fowl. 如释重负——to take a load off one’s mind 挥金如土——to spend money like water 弱不禁风——as weak as water 瞬息之间——in the twinkle of an eye 泪如泉涌——a stream of tears 瓮中之鳖——a rat in the hole 扬眉吐气——to hold one’s head high 一针见血——to touch one on the raw 不翼而飞——to take wings to itself 小题大做——to make mountains out of molehills 格格不入——a square peg in a round hole 山穷水尽——at the end of one’s rope 冷若冰霜——as cold as a marble 半斤八两——six of one and half a dozen of the other 胸有成竹——to have a card up one’s sleeve 孤注一掷——to put all one’s eggs in one basket 纸上谈兵——armchair strategy 白费唇舌——to speak to the wind 同行相嫉——two of a trade can never agree 一文不名——without a penny to one’s name (一)并列关系 名山大川famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead 求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences (二)语意重复 高瞻远瞩的决策 a visionary/far-sighted decision 贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions 层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another 优胜劣汰survival of the fittest 延年益寿prolong one’s life 灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure 长治久安 a long period of stability 求真务实pragmatic 审时度势size up the trend of events 招商引资attract investment 功在当代,利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations 继往开来,承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future 急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits 大黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography 德高望重of high ability and integrity 互利互补mutually complementary and beneficial 互谅互让mutual understanding and accommodation 遵纪守法observe the relevant code of conduct and the law (三)目的关系 减员增效downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency)

习语翻译方法

二、习语的翻译方法 了解了习语与翻译有关的特点后,接下来的工作就是如何有效地进行翻译转换,即完成理解和表达的过程,使译文读者充分理解原语中的习语含义,并尽量保持原语习语的各项特点,以示达到其作为表达方式的作用:生动形象和准确简洁。 一种语言的词汇、习语在单独分析时,一般可分为三种意义:字面意义(所指和联想意义),形象意义和隐含意义。一般性词汇只具有字面意义,少数词汇具备字面意义和形象意义,而大部分习语都包含形象意义和隐含意义。因此在习语翻译过程中意义的传达顺序就很重要。如英语a dog in the manger的字面意义是“狗占马槽”,其中牵涉到“狗”这一形象在西方文化中的地位和作用,而隐含意义则是“占住某一对已无用的位置”,在翻译时就要分清意义顺序,先立足于隐含意义,再向汉语中寻找类似的形象和比喻,就会得出正确的翻译“占着茅坑不屙屎”,而不是貌似实非的‘鹊巢鸠占”。因此,原文所要表达的意义,即隐含意义,是最重要的,其次才是形象意义与字面意义。对于它们之间的关系和翻译的基本方法,可以用下图加以概括: 在图中A代表原语中习语的字面意义及形象意义,B代表其隐含意义,B’为译语中对应于B 的译文,而A’则是译者在译入语中寻找的含有该隐含意义的类似表达方式。在翻译过程中,如果能完全按照从A→B→B→A’的步骤得出译文,则会基本保留原来习语的各层意义,并发挥其应有的表达效果。如英语习语to swim like a stone的字面意义是“象一块石头那样游泳”(A),通过对石头形象的分析我们知道其隐含意义是“完全不识水性”(A→B→B’),再在汉语中寻找相应地表达“不识水性”的习惯表达方式,将其译为“旱鸭子”(B’→A’)。这样就能基本忠实地译出原习语。 但是在按这个步骤翻译习语的过程中,我们也遇到了一些问题。第一点是有些习语没有形象意义和隐含意义,这时可以省略中间的环节,直接从A翻译到A’,如make friends和take measures可直接译为“交朋友”和“采取措施”。第二个问题是翻译到第三步B’时,无法在译语中找到表达相同含义的表达方式,这时可以忠实地译出原习语的隐含意义,而舍弃其字面意义和形象意义。还有一点关系到文化交流和吸收,是对以上模式的一个补充,即随着不同文化之间日益广泛的接触,许多习语因其文化背景广泛传播而被人们逐渐全盘接收,丰富了译入语的语言表达方式,也为翻译减轻了一层负担。如“ugly duckling”随安徒生童话落户中国,一提“丑小鸭”人们都知道是指先遭轻视后被赞美的人。"sour grape”则通过《伊索寓言》中的那只狐狸让人们耳濡目染,明白“酸葡萄”比喻的是因得不到而假装不在乎的东西。但由于文化差异,这类习语的翻译只占很小一部分,也可归入A→B→B’→A’一类中,不过A’在这里已经是指归化后的表达方式和形象。 根据这个模式和刘必庆先生在《当代翻译理论》一书中对翻译方法论所做的阐述,我们可以把习语翻译归纳出四种具体方法,即对应、还原、增补和阐释。对应属于常规翻译手段,而后三种则属于变通手段。 (一)对应(Equivalence) 对应是双语在转换时信息通道畅通或基本畅通时使用的常规翻译手段,相当于图中所示的A →B→B’→A’这一过程。它建立于人类认知行为的客观性、相似性和相通性,即不同的文化之

英语习语的翻译

英语习语的翻译 [摘要]习语在英语语言中占重要地位,因为不同的生活习惯和文化背景,我们很难翻译准确。文章介绍了5种翻译习语的方法,它们分别是直译法、直接套用法、意译法、直译与意译结合法、疑问加注法。 [关键词]习语文化背景翻译方法 习语既是语言中的重要修辞手段,其本身也是各种修辞手法的集中体现,翻译时应尽量保持这些特点,翻译时要忠实地表达原文习语的形象比喻、丰富联想、修辞效果以及其民族、地方特色。习语翻译的准确与否对整个译文的质量有极大的影响。在这篇文章中主要介绍5种:直译法、直接套用汉语习语、意译法、直译与意译相结合法和译文加注法。 一、直译法 直译法就是在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误的联想的条件下,保留英语习语的比喻,形象和民族地方色彩的方法。 Easy come easy go来的容易去的快 Armed to the teeth武装到牙齿 Barking dogs do not bite吠犬不咬人 The cold war冷战 A rolling stone gathers no moss滚石不生苔 Sour grapes酸葡萄 To break the record打破记录 To show one’s cards摊牌 Golden age黄金时代 Kill two birds with one stone一石二鸟 二、直接套用汉语习语 英汉两种语言都拥有丰富多彩的习语,不同的民族由于人们对待事物的情感态度和社会经历相类似,也就必然会产生一些具有相同的意义和修辞色彩完全相同或大体相同的习语。

1.双方完全相同的习语 To praise to the skies捧上天去 To add fuel to the fire火上浇油 Walls have ears隔墙有耳 Strike while the iron is hot趁热打铁 To be in the same boat同舟共济 2.双方拥有的大体相同的习语 A drop in the oceans沧海一粟 To be out at elbows捉襟见肘 At six and sevens七颠八倒,乱七八糟 One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boys. 一个和尚挑水喝,两个和尚抬水喝,三个和尚没水喝 三、意译法 在翻译时如果不可能或没有必要保留英语习语的表达形式,且汉语中也找不到合适的同义习语来套用,就得使用意译法结合上下文把习语的含义表达出来,也就是在翻译时使用另外一个中国读者能接受的类似的习语来翻译,这种译法常用于引喻中。 A fish out of water 很不自在 To break the ice打破沉默 Born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth生长在富贵之家 Wet blanket令人扫兴 Two heads are better than one人多智慧大 Teach fish to swim班门弄斧 There is no smoke without fire无风不起浪 Drink like a fish牛饮 四、直译与意译相结合 为了完整地表现习语的形式结构和意义。首先需要直译其意义,然后需要采用意译的形式表现其内在的涵义。 To get blood for a stone石中取血不可能的事

翻译难点--习语译法概要

习语是民族语言中的精华。它短小精悍、寓意深刻, 具有浓郁的民族文化特色。英语习语可包括成语、谚语、俗语、俚语等,其结构既有短语、又有分句、还有句子。把英语习语译成汉语首先要正确理解其含义, 认识其文化特点, 注意英汉习语之间的异同, 然后运用正确的方法翻译。在准确地传达原习语的意义的同时, 还应充分考虑到原文的浓郁民族风格——不同的文化背景、不同的思维方式、不同的文法和表达习惯。 一、英汉习语比较 从形和义的角度来看,英汉习语的异同大体表现在以下四个方面: A. 英汉习语形义全同 , 这类习语为数少 ,例如: Barking dogs do not bite.吠犬不咬人。 Who is contented, enjoys.知足者常乐。 Misfortunes never come singly.祸不单行。 It is harder to change human nature than to change rivers and mountains.江山难改,本性难移。 Like father, like son. 有其父必有其子。 B. 习语形义基本相同 , 这类习语比上面一类在数量上要多些 ,例如: as light as a feather(or as thistle-down轻如鸿毛 to take a load off one's mind如释重负 to run in the same groove; to cut from the same cloth.如出一辙 to make a beast of oneself形同禽兽 He that hath been bitten by a serpent is afraid of a rope.一朝被蛇咬,十年怕草绳。

关于英汉翻译中习语含义的处理

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