初中英语语法总结--倒装句
全部倒装就是只将句子中得谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时与一般过去时。常见得结构有:
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, e, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell、
Then came the chairman、
Here is your letter、
2) 表示运动方向得副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动得动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber、
Ahead sat an old woman、
注意:上述全部倒装得句型结构得主语必须就是名词,如果主语就是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he es、Away they went、
部分倒装就是指将谓语得一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中得谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1) 句首为否定或半否定得词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…等。
Never have I seen such a performance、
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question、
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room、
当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance、
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep、
典型例题
1) Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meetingroom
A、is smoking permitted
B、smoking is permitted
C、smoking is it permitted
D、does smoking permit
答案A、这就是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时,其句中得主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题得正常语序就是Smoking is permitted in the meetingroom at no time、
2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is、
A、man did know
B、man know
C、didn't man know
D、did man know
答案D、瞧到Not until…得句型,我们知道为一倒装句,答案在C,D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为,Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th、现在将not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
如Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender、
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her、
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her、
典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily、
A、the game began
B、has the game begun
C、did the game begin
D、had the game begun
答案D、以具有否定意义得副词放在句首时,一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义得词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly…when scarcely…when 等等。
注意:只有当Not only…but also连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首得Not only…but also仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music、
以so/neither起首得倒装句,结构为so/neither+谓语(助动词/be动词/情态动词)+主语,用于说明上文所描述得情况也同样适用于下文得人或物。该结构中谓语动词得选择在形式上要与上文得谓语保持一致,数要由下文得主语来决定。
注意,在“so+谓语+主语”得结构中,主语就是另外得人或物,而在“so+主语+谓语”得结构中,主语仍就是上文得人或物,表示对上文所讲事实得肯定或强调,如,She can play the piano, so she can、(她会弹钢琴,她得确会。)
(1)He can sing a lot of English songs, so can she、她会唱很多英语歌曲,她也就是。
(2)She speaks English very well, so do I、她英语说得好,我也就是。
(3)Li Lei hasn’t read this book, neither has Lin Feng、李蕾没瞧过这本书,林风也没瞧过。
She went to school just now、So did I 、她刚才去学校了,我也就是
She has finished the work、So have I 、她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。
She will go to school、So will he、她将去学校,她也就是。
典型例题
Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?
I don't know, _____、
A、nor don't I care
B、nor do I care
C、I don't care neither
D、I don't care also
答案:B、nor为增补意思"也不关心",因此句子应倒装。A错在用don't 再次否定, C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。
注意: 当so引出得句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构。意为"得确如此"。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did、
It's raining hard、So it is、
Only in this way, can you learn English well、
Only after being asked three times did he e to the meeting、
如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed、
as / though引导得让步从句必须将表语或状语提前(形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。
注意:
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首就是实义动词, 其她助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语与状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily、
注意:
让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面得主句不能有but,但就是though 与yet可连用
1) so…that 句型中得so 位于句首时,需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch、
2) 在某些表示祝愿得句型中:
May you all be happy、
3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again、
典型例题:
1) Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A、man did know
B、man knew
C、didn't man know
D、did man know
答案为D、否定词Not在句首,要求用部分倒装得句子结构。
2) Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted、
A、didn't I realize
B、did I realize
C、I didn't realize
D、I realize
答案为B。
3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___、
A、nor don't I care
B、nor do I care
C、I don't care neither
D、I don't care also
解析:答案为B、句中得nor引出部分倒装结构,表示"也不"。由so, neither, nor引导得倒装句,表示前一情况得重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而neither, nor 用在否定句中。