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八年级上英语语法点(完整版)

八年级上英语语法点(完整版)
八年级上英语语法点(完整版)

八年级上英语语法

【灰常完整的哦】

1) leave 的用法

1. leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如:

When did you leave Shanghai?

你什么时候离开上海的?

2. leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如:

Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.

下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。

3. Ieave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如:

Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?

你为什么要离开上海去北京?

2)情态动词should “应该”学会使用

should 作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”

的意思,例如:

How should I know? 我怎么知道?

Why should you be so late today?尔今天为什么来得这么晚?

should有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如:

We should help each othe我们应当互相帮助。

我们在使用时要注意以下几点:

1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如:

You should be here with clean hands尔应该把手洗干净了再来。

2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如:

You should go to the doctor if you feel ill ?如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。

3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如:

We should arrive by supper time.我们在晚饭前就能到了。

She should be here any moment 她随时都可能来。

3

1. what与which都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问

职业。如:

What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的?

该句相当于:

What does your father do?

What is your father's job?

Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如:

---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特?

---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。

2. What...?是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而Which...?是特指,所指的事物有范围的限制。如:

What color do you like best? (所有颜色)你最喜爱什么颜色?

Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?(有特定的范围)你最喜爱哪一种颜色?

3. what 与which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如:Which

pictures are from China?

哪些图片来自中国?

4)频度副词的位置

1. 常见的频度副词有以下这些:

always (总是,一直)

usually (通常)

often (常常,经常)

sometimes (有时候)

never (从不)

2. 频度副词的位置:

a?放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。女口:

David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。

b?放在行为动词前。女口:

We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在7:10 去

上学。

c?有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。女口:

Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家,有

时我骑自行车。

3. never放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装。女口:

Never have I been there.

5)every day 与everyday

1. every day 作状语,译为“每一天” 。如:

We go to school at 7:10 every day.

我们每天7:10 去上学。

I decide to read English every day.

我决定每天读英语。

2. everyday作定语,译为“日常的”。

She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.

她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。

What's your everyday activity?

你的日常活动是什么?

6)什么是助动词

1?协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb )。

助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:

He doesn't like English?他不喜欢英语。

(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)

2?助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:

a. 表示时态,例如:

He is singing.他在唱歌。

He has got married. 他已结婚。

b. 表示语态,例如:

He was sent to England.他被派往英国。

c. 构成疑问句,例如:

Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗?Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗?

d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:

I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。

e. 加强语气,例如:

Do come to the party tomorrow evening明天晚上一定来参加晚会。

He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。

3. 最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

7)forget doing/to de与remember doing/to do

1.forget to do 忘记要去做某事。(未做)

forget doing忘记做过某事。(已做)

The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.

办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)

He forgot turning the light off.

他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)

Don't forget to come tomorr ow.

别忘了明天来。(to come动作未做)

典型例题

--- The light in the office is still on.

--- Oh ,I forgot___.

A. turning it off

B. turn it off

C. to turn it off

D. having turned it off

答案:C。由the light is still on可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forget to do sth而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。

2.remember to do 记得去做某事(未做)

remember doing 记得做过某事(已做)

Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。

Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人

吗?

8)It's for sb和It's of sb.

1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible^:

It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, righ。t

It's very nice of you to help me?你来帮助我,你真是太好了。3?for与of 的辨别方法:用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。女口:

You are nice. (通顺,所以应用of)。

He is hard. (人是困难的,不通,因此应用for。)

9)对两个句子的提问

新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势,现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如:

句子:The boy in blue has three pens. 提问:1.Who has three pens?

2. Which boy has three pens?

3. What does the boy in blue have?

4. How many pens does the boy in blue have? 很显然,学生多了更多的回答角

度,也体现了考试的灵活性。再如:句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday. 提问:1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

2. Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

3. What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?

5. What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?

6. When does he usually go to the park with his friends?

10) so such与不定冠词的使用

1. so与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“ so+形容词+a/an+名词”。女口:

He is so funny a boy.

Jim has so big a house.

2. such与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“ such+a/an+形容词+名词”。女口:

It is such a nice day.

That was such an interesting story.

11) 使用-ing 分词的几种情况

1. 在进行时态中。如:

He is watching TV in the room.

They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.

2?在there be结构中。女口:

There is a boy swimming in the river.

3?在have fun/problems结构中。如:

We have fun learning English this term.

They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.

4. 在介词后面。如:

Thanks for helping me.

Are you good at playing basketball.

5. 在以下结构中:

enjoy doing sth finish doing sth feel like doing sth stop doing sth forget doing sth go on doing sth remember doing sth like doing sth keep sb doing sth find sb doing sth see/hear/watch sb doing sth try doing sth

乐于做某事

完成做某事

想要做某事

停止做某事

忘记做过某事

继续做某事

记得做过某事

喜欢做某事使某人一直做某事发现某人做某事看到/听到/观看某人做某事试图做某事

The boy wants to be a sales assistant.

Our English teacher is from the US.

Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself ?

12)英语中的“单数”

1?主语的第三人称单数形式,即可用“ he, she, it ”代替的。女口:

he, she, it

my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle

2. 名词有单数名词和复数名词。如:

3?动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,-ing 分词,过去式,过去分词。如: go---goes---going---went---gone work---works---working---worked---worked watch---watches---watching---watched---watched

当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。 如:

The boy wants to be a sales assistant. Our English teacher is from the US. Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.

13)名词的复数构成的几种形式 need doing sth prefer

doing sth mind doing

sth practice doing sth

be busy doing sth can't

help doing sth miss

doing sth

12)英语中的“单数” 1?主语的第三人称单数形式,

he, she, it

my friend, 需要做某事 宁愿做某事 介意做某事 练习做某事 忙于做某事 禁不住做某事 错过做某事

即可用“ he, she, it ”代替的。如: Mary's uncle

man (单数)---men (复数) banana (单数)---bananas (复数)

3.动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,-ing 分词,过去式,过去分词。女口: go---goes---going---went---gone

work---works---working---worked---worked watch---watches---

如: 当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。 2.名词有单数名词和复数名

his teacher, our classroom, Tom,

如:

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1. buy sth. for ab./ buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来…… 3. nothing ….but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有 4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来 5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方到达某地 6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事 8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事 10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 12. look + adj 看起来 13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做…….呢? 15. so + adj + that + 从句如此……以至于…… 16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要)做某事 17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事 18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 三、重点句子 1. Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪儿度假的? 1)这是一个由疑问副词where引导的特殊疑问句。Where用来询问地点或场所,用于句首,其后跟一般疑问句。如:Where are you from? Where does he live? 2)go on vacation“去度假” He will go on vacation with his family. 他要和家人一起度假。 【解析】 vacation [v?'ke??n] n 假期 = holiday on vacation 在度假 take a vacation 去度假 winter vacation 寒假 summer vacation 暑假 ①I have a lot of _______________every year . (vacation) ( ) ②— Where did Sarah go on vacation? — She went to America. A.on vacation B. take a vacation C. is on vacation D. is for vacation

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Everone is here today.今天每个人都在这里。 本单元的短语和知识点: 1. go on vacation去度假go to the mountains 上山/进山 2.stay at home呆在家go to the beach去海滩visit museums 参观博物馆go to summer camp去参观夏令营 3. study for tests为考试而学习\备考go out出去 4. quite a few相当多,不少(后跟可数名词复数)take photos照相most of the time大部分时间 5.buy sth for sb = buy sb sth为某人买某物 6. taste good. 尝起来很好 taste(尝起来)、look(看起来)、sound(听起来)为感官动词,后跟形容词 7.have a good\great\fun time过得高兴,玩得愉快(=enjoy oneself) 8. go shopping去购物9. nothing…but+动词原形:除了……之外什么都没有 He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了读书无事可做。 10. seem to do sth:好像… I seem to know him.我好像认识他。seem+(to be)+形容词:看起来…The work seems(to be)easy.这工作看起来很容易。 11.keep a diary记日记 12. in+大地方:达到某地(get to +地方:达到某地) arrive at+小地方:达到某地(get的过去式为got)

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much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。例如: Is there much water in the bucket? 桶里有很多水吗? He always has a great amount of work to do. 他总是有很多工作要做。 三、既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有: a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三个词语后谓语动词的数依of 后的名词的单复数而定,a great / large quantity of (其后谓语用单数,quantities of (其后谓语用复数。例如: There is still lots of snow in the garden. 花园里还有许多雪。 There is plenty of rain here. 这儿的雨水很多。 A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall. 大厅里放了很多鲜花。 There are large quantities of food in the cupboard. 橱柜里有许多食物。 在所有这些表示―很多‖的词语中many, much 是最常用的词,它们既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于疑问句和否定句。例如: Are there many people in the street?

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(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest (5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most ea sily (6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest 2. 形容词和副词比较级的用法 (1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。

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busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest (5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily (6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

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6. plan to do sth. 计划做某事 7. have a skating club 举办滑雪俱乐部 8.go skating/skiing/bicycling/climbing/hiking 去滑雪/滑冰/骑车/爬山/远足 9. arrive in 到达 10. play against…与……对抗/较量 11. for long 很久 12. leave for… 动身去… 13. the day after tomorrow 后天 14. places of interest 名胜 16. play baseball 打棒球 17. at least 至少 18. be good at=do well in 善于做某事 19. take part in=join in =be in 参加 20. all over the world =around the world全世界 21. be good for 对……有益 22. a good way to do sth 做…的一种好方法 23. keep fit/healthy 保持健康

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否定句构成:will + not (won’t)+do Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成: 特殊疑问词+will+主语+…?What will Sarah do next Sunday? 练一练 根据例句,用will改写下列各句 例:I don’t feel well today. (be better tomorrow) I’ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot of homework tonight) _____________________________ 2. I’m tired now. (sleep later) _____________________________ 3. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon) _____________________________ 4. We can’t leave right now. (leave a little later) _____________________________ 5. The weather is awful today. (be better tomorrow) _____________________________ 答案:1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight.

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Unit 1 What’s the matter? 一、询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法 (1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时,常用以下几种结构来表达:What’s the matter (with sb.)(某人)怎么了 What’s wrong (with sb.)(某人)怎么了 What’s the trouble (with sb.)(某人)出什么事了 What happened (to sb.)(某人)发生了什么事 Are you OK你没事吧 Is there anything wrong with sb.某人有什么事吗 (2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服,可用以下结构: ①某人+have/has+病症. The twins have colds.双胞胎感冒了。 某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache. She had a stomachache last night.她昨晚肚子痛。 ③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位. He has a sore throat.他喉咙痛。 ④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词. He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。 ⑤某部位+hurt(s). My head hurts badly.我头痛得厉害。 ⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位, I have a pain in my chest.我胸口痛。 ⑦(There is)something wrong with one’s+身体部位. There is something wrong with my right eye..我的右眼有毛病。 ⑧其他表达方式 She has a heart trouble.她有心脏病。 He got hit on the head他头部受到了撞击。 She cut her finger.她割破手指了。

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