Chapter 6 留

Chapter 6 从句的翻译

（一）重复先行词的中文句式, 可用非限定从进行翻译 I told the story to John, who told it to his brother. 他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。 Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area. 他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。 （二）省略先行词的中文句式,翻译时应补出先行词 It is he who received the letter that announced the bankruptcy of your company. 是他接到那封信，说你们公司破产了。

They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased. 他们制定出一种新方案，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。 （三）某些状语译成定语从句 （一）译成表示“时间”的分句 A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded. 司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。 （二）译成表示“原因”的分句 He doesn’t want to talk with Mrs. Smith, who is very haughty and conceited now 他不愿和史密斯太太讲话，因为她现在非常傲慢和自负。 （三）译成表示“条件”的分句 Men become desperate for any kind of work, which will help them to keep alive their families.

英语本科段自学考试英汉翻译教程Unit 6 Literature.doc

Unit 6 Literature(1) Lesson 16(E—C) Tess of the D‘Urbervilles(1) By Thomas Hardy On an evening in the latter part of May a middle-aged man was walking homeward from Shaston to the village of Marlott, in the adjoinning Vale of Blakemore or Blackmoor. The pair of legs that carried him were rickety, and there was a bias in his gait which inclined him somewhat to the left of a straight line. He occasinally gave a smart nod, as if in confirmation of some opinion, though he was not thinking of anything in particular. An empty egg-basket was slung upon his arm, the nap of his hat was reffled, a patch being quite worn away at its brim where his thumb came in taking it off. Presently hi was met by an elderly parson astride on a gray mare, who, as he rode, hummed a wandering tune. ?Good night t‘ee,‘ said the man with the basket. ?Good night, Sir John,‘ said the parson. The pedestrian, after another pace or two, halted, and turned round. ?Now, sir, begging your pardon; we met last market-day on this road about this time, and I zaid ―Good night,‖ and you made reply ―Good night, Sir John,‖ as now.‘ ?I did,‘ said the parson. ?And once before that—near a month ago.‘ ?I may have.‘ ?Then what might your meaning be in calling me ―Sir John‖ these different times, when I be plain Jack Durbeyfield, the haggler? The parson rode a step or two nearr. ?It was only my whim,‘he said; and, after a moment‘s hesitation: ?It was on account of a discovery I made some little time ago, whilst I was hunting up pedigres for the new county history. I am Parson Tringham, the antiquary, of Stagfoot Lane. Don‘t you reaally know, Durbeyfield, that you are the lineal representative of the ancient and knightly family of the d‘Urbervilles, who dervie their descent from Sir Pagan d‘Urberville, that renowned knight who came from Normandy with William the Conqueror, as appears by Battle Abbey Roll?‘ ?Never heard it before, sir!‘ ?Well it‘s true.‘ … ?But you‘ll turn back and have a quart of beer wi‘me on the strength o‘t Pa‘son Tringham? There‘s a very pretty brew in tap at The Pure Drop—though, to be sure, not so good as at Rolliver‘s.‘ ?No, thank you—not this evening, Durbeyfield. You‘ve had enough already.‘ (from Thomas Hardy, Tess of the D‘Urbervilles, Chapter 1) 译文： 五月后半月里，有一天傍晚，一个中年男子，正打沙氏屯，朝着跟这相连的那个布蕾谷（或者布莱谷）里面的马勒村往家里走去。支着他的那两条腿老是摇摇晃晃的，他走路的姿势里，又总有一种倾斜的趋势，使他或多或少地往一条直线的左边歪。待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好像是对某一个意见表示赞成似的，其实他心里头可并没想什么特别的事儿。

Chapter 6 谓语翻译for students

Chapter 6 谓语翻译 一）汉英谓语对比 二）确定谓语的原则 1. 主谓一致+时态+语气 1) 我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加快发展。 Vocational education and adult education are being pushed on in our country. 2) 她的独生子让车给轧了。 Her only son was run over by a car. 2. 谓语必须与主语在逻辑上搭配得当 1）这件事告诉我们，他为人不诚实。 The incidence showed us that he was dishonest 2）世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。 The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena. 3）这次旅游可以选择的地方有北京、上海或西安。 Beijing,Shanghai and Xi’an are the places we can choose during this trip. 4）本书精选流传于中国南方26个少数民族的131则脍炙人口的故事。 The books consists of 131 superb stories popular among 26minority nationalities in the south of the China. 5) 这一证书课程将在三年内学完。 This certificate course of studies will spread over three years. 6) 细雨淅沥，秋风瑟瑟。 It was drizzling on a windy autumn. 7）你的教学科研取得了长足的进步，但不应因此而自满。 You have made great progress in the research on teaching,but you should guard against complacency. 8）汉语部不仅教中国学生汉语和中国文学课，还招收学习汉语的外国留学生。 The Chinese Program offers not only Chinese and Chinese Literature but course for international students of Chinese. 3. 谓语必须与宾语在逻辑上搭配得当 1）秦朝第一位皇帝秦始皇于公元前221年统一六国。 QinShiHuang,the first Emperor of the Qin Dynasty,conquered the other six states in 221BC. 2）热腾腾的晚餐已摆好在桌上。 Hot meals were served on the dinner table. 3）他们也学会了中国的饮茶。 They became accustomed to the Chinese tea-drinking. 4）到麦当劳去吃什么? 有人总结说：吃时髦，吃清洁，吃快捷，吃氛围，吃气派，吃档次，吃高雅。闹了半天，还没有涉及“吃饱肚子”。 For what do we go to the McDonald’s?Summarized are the following answers:for its popularity,for its remark cleanness,instant services,exotic atmosphere,showing off,super quality,elegant consumption.With so many for,yet we have not come to “for our stomach”.

换言之 翻译教=教程 第六章 笔记

Chapter 6 T extual equivalence: cohesion In this chapter, we resume discussion of translation difficulties and strategies at the level of text by looking at cohesion, the second feature of text organization which was mentioned at the end of Chapter 4. Cohesion is the network of lexical, grammatical, and other relations which provide links between various parts of a text. Cohesion is a surface relation; it connects together the actual words and expressions that we can see or hear. Halliday and Hason identify 5 main cohesive devices in English: reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion. 6.1. Reference The term reference is traditionally used in semantics for the relationship which holds between a word and what in points to in the real world. Instead of denoting a direct relationship between words and extra-linguistic objects, reference is limited here to the relationship of identity which holds between two linguistic expressions. Reference, in the textual rather than the semantic sense, occurs when the reader has to retrieve the identity of what is being talked about by referring to another expression in the immediate context. The resulting cohesion lies in the continuity of reference, whereby the same thing enters into the discourse a second time. Reference is a device which allows the reader/hearer to trace participants, entities, events,etc, in a text. One of the most common patterns of establishing chains of reference in English and a number of other languages is to mention a participant explic itly in the first instance, and then use a pronoun refer back to the same participant in the immediate context. The relationship of reference may be established situationally:(分析如下) For example, a given pronoun may refer to an entity which is present in the context of situation rather than in the surrounding text. The first- and second-person pronouns are typical examples in that they do not refer back to a nominal expression in the text but to the speaker and hearer(writer and reader) respectively. Third-person pronouns typically refer back or forward to a nominal expression in the text but may also be used to refer to an entity which is present in the immediate physical or mental context of situation. Patterns of reference is also known as anaphora. Fox(1986) examined patterns of reference in 3 genres of American English: spontaneous conversation, written expository prose and written fast-paced popular narratives. 6.2. Substitution and ellipsis Unlike reference, substitution and ellipsis are grammatical rather than semantic relationships. In substitution, an item/items is replaced by another item/items. Ellipsis involves the omission of an item. In other words, in ellipsis, an item is replaced by nothing. Substitution and ellipsis are purely grammatical relations which hold between linguistic

Chapter 6 语篇翻译的要素学生资料

Chapter 6 篇章翻译的基本要素 什么是篇章 篇章（text）是表达整体概念的语义单位。篇章是语言在交际中，特别是在书面交际中的对象和理想单位。它不只是一连串句子和段落的集合，而是一个结构完整、功能明确的语义统一体。（陈宏薇） 篇章翻译是指高于句子层次或句以上的语言单位的翻译。（王治奎） 一、篇章是翻译的理想单位 1. 篇章的功能应保持一致 广告类 出手不凡钻石表 Buy a Diamond brand watch, if every second counts for you. 应用文体类 译文符合原文对衔接（cohesion）与连贯（coherence）的要求。 Gentlemen, In reply to your advertisement in the Bristol News of June 2, I wish to say that I am seeking the kind of position your offer. I am nineteen years old, and expect to graduate from the Bristol Technical High School this month. During three years of the course I have been working with many kinds of machinery and have helped to set up and repair the machinery in one of the school shops. My father is a chauffeur, and I helped him in repairing automobiles. Last summer I took a party of excursionists on a three weeks’tour. While we were in West Epping, away from repair shops, my machine was badly damaged. I had to repair two cylinders and rig up a temporary steering wheel. 尊敬的先生: 贵公司在六月二日布里斯多报上所刊登征求的职位正是本人想要得到的。 我今年十九岁，这个月即将从布里斯多高工毕业。在学三年中，我操作过各机械，曾协助学校工场机器的建立和修理工作。家父为一名司机，我时常帮他修理汽车。去年夏天，我加入一群远征队旅行三周，在西伊平地方没有修理站，我的机件严重损坏，我不得不迳行修护两门汽缸，装配一支暂用的驾驶盘。 Inclosed you will find a copy of my resume-and my photo. I believe they may be found satisfactory. Concerning my character I am permitted to refer to Mr. H. L. Sled, Head of the Mechanical section of the Bristol Technical High School. Yours truly, signature 附上我的简历表和相片，希望二者令您满意。至于我的品德您可函询布里斯多高工机械科主任，史列德先生。倘若您能考虑我的申请，并给予面试机会，我将十分感 谢。 2. 篇章的语域保持一致