托福综合写作练习及听力原文
Exercise 1
Soon there will be something new for the tourist who has been everywhere and seen everything on Earth. Spacecraft being developed by private commercial companies will soon enable private citizens to buy their own tickets to travel into space, thereby creating a space tourism industry. So far, space travel has been undertaken only by governments, but the new, privatized spaceflight industry will bring great benefits to both science and the public. First, private space travel will benefit serious space exploration by making spaceflight cheaper. Privatization of space technology will bring technological costs down very fast because it will allow competition—and competition is one of the strongest motivators to cut costs. Thus, lowering the cost of space travel will benefit not only space tourists but also scientists, who will be able to use private space flights for research purposes. Furthermore, privatization of space travel will accelerate the rate at which important scientific discoveries occur. The aerospace industry already sponsors a lot of groundbreaking scientific research, and adding private spaceflight companies to it will make the industry as a whole grow in size, thereby employing more scientists than it does now. That increased number of working scientists means not only that more discoveries are likely to be made but also that those discoveries are likely to be made more quickly than in the past. Finally, when governments are the sole providers of space travel, the costs are paid for by the whole taxpaying public, but with privatization, the expenses of space travel will be borne by the customers of the industry. The fact that private spaceflight operators will be able to raise funds through ticket sales means that the financial burden on taxpayers will be eased significantly.
Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on the contents of the reading. You may refer to the passage as you write.
1
Exercise 2
Educators have long recognized that high school can be a difficult experience for many students. Along with the stress of challenging academic work, high school can also be a source of social, emotional, and even financial stress. One effective way of decreasing these nonacademic kinds of stress is to require students to wear a school uniform so that all students wear basically the same clothing. One of the most obvious benefits of such a policy is that it makes high school more affordable for both students and their parents. Clothing, especially trendy, fashionable clothing, is very expensive, and teenagers usually want to have several different outfits in their wardrobes—for some, the more the better. When there is no possibility of dressing fashionably at school, a student’s clothing bill will go down drastically. Furthermore, wearing the same school uniform as everyone else eliminates a significant source of discomfort and self-consciousness for many teenagers: the uncertainty that what they are wearing is “right.” Such anxiety interferes with a student’s ability to act in ways that show his or her personality to advantage. Finally, a mandatory school-uniform policy will reduce the amount of teasing and bullying among students. Currently, many students are teased or put down simply because they dress differently from everyone else or because they can’t afford to dress like the majority. Once all students wear the same uniform, there will be much less opportunity for these kinds of intimidating behaviors.
Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on the contents of the reading. You may refer to the passage as you write.
2
Exercises 3
Donating part of one’s income to public causes, known as charitable giving, used to be a common practice. But, in the United States charitable giving has declined substantially in recent years, and, for several reasons, it is unlikely to increase in the future. One reason that charitable giving has fallen is simply that there is less need for charitable giving, because the United States government now provides most of the important public services. The government assumes much of the responsibility for feeding the poor, providing health care, and taking care of the victims of natural disasters—functions that charities used to perform. These government institutions of social welfare are permanent, and so the diminished need for private charitable giving will also be permanent. Another reason people are, and will be, giving less to charities is that in the past few years there have been highly publicized disclosures that the managers of some prominent national charities were receiving huge salaries and other benefits as large or larger than salaries of heads of major for-profit corporations. These salaries and expenses for travel, fancy offices, and advertising significantly reduce the percentage of donated money that went to charitable purposes. Naturally people have been turned off by these excesses and inefficiencies. Finally, beyond the shortcomings of legitimate charities, there has been an increasing number of fraudulent solicitations by organizations or individuals who merely pose as charities. As a result, people are now becoming skeptical even about what are in fact legitimate appeals for support. So potential donors are starting to give less and give less frequently. And since the incidence of charity fraud seems to be increasing, we can expect further declines in charitable giving as people become more concerned that they are being taken advantage of.
Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on the contents of the reading. You may refer to the passage as you write.
3
Exercises 4
It used to be that parents took their children on vacation during the summer, when school was out of session. But today, much more often than in the past, many parents take their children on vacation during the school year. Although these children are away from school, sometimes for several weeks, traveling itself serves a valuable educational function. The most important educational benefit of taking children on vacation is that traveling exposes children to new places and cultures. It is good for children to read about distant countries, but it is even better to take them there. What students learn by meeting the people and absorbing the culture of these places is something they could not learn in their classrooms. Moreover, the benefits to the children who have been away from the classroom for several weeks traveling continue after they have returned to their classes. Students who are in school every day of the school year can easily lose enthusiasm for their studies. But students invigorated by time away return with heightened excitement. The trend of students taking vacations during the school year also has benefits for teachers. When these students return to school, their knowledge and enthusiasm contribute positively to the entire class. Teachers can ask the children to share stories of their travels with their peers and can incorporate what they have learned from traveling into writing and reading projects. This makes lesson development easier for teachers because the returning students’ experiences provide a ready basis for classroom discussions and projects.
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they oppose points made in the reading passage.
4
Exercises 5
Easter Island, a small, remote island in the Pacific Ocean, was once home to a flourishing culture. But about 500 years ago (A. D. 1500), its society went into a steep decline. History teaches us that events like this are often caused by outside influences. So it is not unreasonable to consider whether there are facts about the decline of Easter Island’s society that would be explained by a hypothesis of an invasion. One such fact has to do with trees. Most Pacific island societies have managed to find an ecologically balanced way of living by using—but not overexploiting—natural resources such as trees. Most Pacific islands, therefore, remain lush—but not Easter Island. Although it was once densely forested, most of its trees had disappeared by about 500 years ago. Environmental destruction of this sort has often been caused by invaders who deplete an area’s natural resources without any concern for the future. Facts about the large stone statues on Easter Island could also support the idea of an invasion. There are about 900 of these statues on the island; the largest is over 20 meters tall. The native society clearly placed a great deal of importance on their production. Yet about the same time that the island became deforested, islanders stopped making these huge statues. An invasion would help explain why this traditional practice came to a sudden end. Furthermore, we know that around the time these other changes were taking place, a new religion developed on Easter Island: the “Birdman” worship. There is no convincing evidence that the Birdman religion existed before 1500, which suggests that this new religious practice may have been introduced by outsiders.
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically indicate how they challenge explanations offered in the reading passage.
5
Exercises 6
When a company needs to hire someone for a managerial position, there is often a choice between promoting an employee who is already working inside the company or bringing in a person from outside. Hiring a qualified outsider is often to a company’s advantage for several reasons. An important reason for hiring outsiders as managers is that they bring a new perspective. This contributes to the diversity of ideas and allows company practices to be seen in a new light. Often, an outside hire will ask, “What’s the reason for doing things this way?” This question may lead to a reevaluation of practices that are actually inefficient but have become so much a part of the routine that it’s difficult for insiders to question them. Another major factor to be considered is the cost of on-the-job training. Hiring outsiders allows a company to look for people who already have the particular skills and experience required for the job. The company will not have to spend time and money training an internal employee for the new job—something that has to be done when, for example, an employee is promoted from a technical position to a managerial one. In such a case, usually the employee would be sent to classes to help learn needed managerial skills. Finally, managers hired from the outside will often have business contacts with suppliers, customers, and technicians that they have developed in their previous job. Clearly these contacts can be a valuable asset for the company that hires managers from the outside.
Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on the contents of the reading. You may refer to the passage as you write.
6
Exercises 7
Scant physical evidence remains of the first human domestication of grain. Still, there is enough to conclude that ancient peoples, motivated by the nutritional value of bread or cakes made of wild wheat, looked for controlled ways to grow it to provide a consistent food supply. Three related discoveries are likely to have led to the introduction of bread as the first grain-based food. The first discovery was that wheat could be prepared for use by grinding. People probably began consuming wheat by chewing it raw. Because wheat is very hard, they gradually discovered that it was less trouble to eat if crushed to paste between two stones—the result would have been the ancestor of the drier, more powdery wheat flour we use today. From there, it was a short step to the next breakthrough: baking the simplest bread, which requires no technology but fire. Loaves of wheat paste, when baked into bread, could be stored for long periods, certainly longer than raw seeds. This kept the food value of wheat available for an extended period after it had been harvested. Finally, ancient peoples found that, if the paste was allowed to sit in the open, yeast spores from the air settled on it and began fermenting the wheat. This natural process of fermentation caused bubbles to from in the wheat paste that suggested it would be lighter in texture and even easier to eat when baked.
Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on the contents of the reading. You may refer to the passage as you write.
7
Exercises 8
Wilderness management has advanced greatly over the last century, due in part to such practices as the suppression of forest fired and limitations on the clear-cutting of trees. Monitoring forests for small brushfires is easier with aircraft, as is the use of large amounts of water and sophisticated chemical fire extinguishers to prevent fires from spreading. The goals decreasing the amount of destruction by fires and cutting are wide-ranging. One is simply the longer lives and improved health of trees. In some areas of hickory and oak forest on the Eastern Seaboard, fire suppression has allowed the maturation of so many trees that the treetops form a continuous canopy. There is evidence of the healthful effects of fire suppression closer to the ground as well. Vines and low bushes that would be burned out in a forest fire can flourish when fires are suppressed, of course, but there is a more indirect way fires harm plant life. Chemical tests on areas that have recently experienced forest fires demonstrate that burning decreases the overall amount of nutrients in the soil. Suppressing fires prevents such a decrease. Ferns, wildflowers and herbs grow without disturbance. Finally, wildlife can benefit. In the eastern hickory and oak forest, the suppression of fires has meant that forest animals---ranging from small insects and birds to large deer and bears—are not burned to death. Deer populations, in particular, have increased notably.
Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they challenge specific plans made in the reading passage. You may refer to the passage as you write.
8
Listening Scripts Exercise 1
Professor: Well, it looks as though we’ll soon see private spaceships carrying tourists into space. But will it really provide great benefits for serious science and for the public? I don’t think so. First, privatized space travel, which is extraordinarily expensive, is likely to stay that way. For one thing, commercial space travel will require an elaborate space traffic-control system to prevent collisions—and the development and operation of such a system won’t come cheap either. Another thing that’ll keep costs high is tested and retested—and that also tends to be a very expensive process. Both of those costs will be reflected in the prices of the spaceflight tickets, so no one should expect the cost of space flights to go down fast. Second, if commercial spaceflight has any effect at all on the rate of scientific discovery and innovation, it will be to delay or even prevent such discovery and innovation. If the best and the brightest engineers get lured away from government space programs by the high salaries offered by private, for-profit companies, they might end up working on commercial stuff that doesn't have much scientific value. And as a result, serious space research might actually suffer. And finally, will the taxpaying public get off the hook financially? No chance! The fact is that so-called private space tourism isn’t possible without huge public tax subsidies. It will take billions and billions of dollars to build space stations, space airports, and so on, and private investors simply cannot raise such huge amounts. So the burden on taxpayers won’t be significantly eased with the development of the private spaceflight industry. In fact, all taxpayers’ll be paying more to subsidize the vacations of the space tourists.
Exercise 2
Professor: What you’ve just read really is way too optimistic. It’s rather easy to poke holes in the reasoning. First off, school uniforms are themselves often quite costly—usually they are only available from certain select stores. Plus, what kind of clothes will students put on after school when they go meet their friends? Well, if you can’t dress trendy at school, it's even more likely you’ll want to do that after school. So kids will still demand a full wardrobe of fashionable after-school clothes in addition to their uniforms. To take up another point, doing away with differences in dress can affect some students quite negatively. Many students may feel very uncomfortable—might even feel self-conscious—about how they look when they are not allowed to select the clothes that they wear. For many, choosing clothing is not a matter of making a fashion statement; it is simply a way of presenting themselves in ways they feel will call attention to what they consider their attractive features—plus they feel they can also select clothing to de-emphasize other features they perhaps like less about themselves. So school uniforms can actually end up increasing self-consciousness and discomfort among students. Finally, students will always pick on other students. Dividing into groups, teasing and bullying other for being different—these are things teenagers everywhere do because they are at that particular stage of life. If students cannot pick on differences in dress, they will surely find other things to pick on—things like choice in music or the kind of backpack brought to school—any of these can easily take on as much importance as clothing.
9
Exercise 3
Professor: There’s no doubt that giving to charities has declined in recent years, but there are good reasons to think it’ll soon begin to go up. Consider, for example, the fact that the number of elderly and retired people in our society keeps growing. Right now, elderly citizens who can’t afford health care often rely on government programs to pay for it. But as the elderly population grows, government programs probably won’t be able to cover the health assistance, Americans respond to that need. And since the need will be increasing, we should expect to see charitable giving rise accordingly. There’s another reason to be optimistic about the future of charitable giving. The disclosures of waste and bad management at major charities, and people’s anger at this waste, are producing significant reforms. Overpaid managers have been forced to resign by the bad publicity. Charities are reducing their expenses and are now subject to closer public scrutiny. As a result, people are regaining confidence that the money they donate will support the causes they care about. People’s reaction to charity fraud is also evolving. In the short run, people don’t want to donate because they’re concerned with whether charities are honest. But in the long run, such skepticism makes people careful, not stingy. For example, many people now refuse to give money when they’re asked to do so over the telephone. They insist on receiving proof and documentation before they donate. Just as people learn how to be careful consumers, most people are acquiring the skills needed to guard against charity fraud without stopping their support for worthwhile causes.
Exercise 4
Professor: Now, let’s consider how taking children on vacation when school is in session impacts their education. I believe the impact on children and their teachers can be quite negative. While students have been traveling, their fellow students have been working. What do you think happens when they return to school? Well, they have to spend a lot of time “playing catch-up,” you know, doing work that fellow students have already done. It’s one thing to miss a day or two of school, but many parents take their children on vacation for weeks on end, and it’s very difficult for any child to make up that much missed time. So, the missed learning has to be weighed against the benefits of traveling and learning about other cultures. On balance, what is lost is greater than what is gained. When children come back to class after a long trip, they’re excited about their recent adventures. Sounds good, but this enthusiasm can have a downside. Their excitement can make it difficult for them to fit back into the routine of the school day. School seems a little boring to them, so they’re not attentive to their studies, and their restlessness can distract other students. When a student is distracted or has to catch up on missed work, there’s a negative effect on the teacher too. Teachers have lesson plans that detail, day by day, what they are going to teach. When a student is absent from the classroom, this interferes with a teacher’s plan for that student. And if teachers spend time helping a few students catch up, they have less time for other students… so they suffer too.
10
Exercise 5
Professor: The idea considered in the reading is not unreasonable in the abstract, but all the concrete evidence points to internal causes for the decline of Easter Island’s culture 500 years ago. It’s a sad story of a native culture that did not have the foresight to sustain itself. In the centuries before 1500, the inhabitants of Easter Island were prosperous… so prosperous that they were able to invest extra time and energy in building giant statues, which became important signs of status. Different island communities began competing as to who could erect the most statues. Now here’s where the problem for trees comes in: archaeological evidence shows that the islanders used tree logs to move the statues into position. So, as the number of statues increased, more and more trees had to be cut, until finally, 500 years ago, there were no more left. Of course, once the trees were gone, the islander could no longer build rafts to fish at sea, and so they could no longer catch big fish. As the necessities of life became harder and harder to get, the islanders no longer had the time and energy to create big statues. Without logs, of course, they couldn't move the statues anyway, so naturally the interest in making the statues declined. Finally, it would not be surprising if the islanders lost confidence in their old gods when life on the island became a struggle for survival. I mean, the old gods wouldn’t seem to be protecting them any more. So it would be natural for the islanders to have developed a different religious idea, hoping that the new god would ensure them a better life.
Exercise 6
Professor: For some of the reasons presented in the reading, many companies have a policy of hiring outsiders to fill managerial positions. However, a closer examination will show that the policy is misguided. First of all, the new perspective an outsider brings into the company’s corporate structure often leads to conflict in the managerial team. Companies often have specific corporate philosophies… (for example, about how decisions are to be reached and how work is to be organized). So when outsiders bring with them a significantly different philosophy, this can create serious disagreement and conflict… and make it difficult for the managerial team as a whole to function smoothly and efficiently. An internal employee, by contrast, is more likely to know company tradition. Another point to note is that hiring outsiders may entail an additional cost that perhaps isn’t obvious. It’s true that outside hires may come with required managerial skills and experience. But to become effective as managers in a new company, they also have to establish personal relationships with their new colleagues—get to know them and win their trust. This can often take more time than one would expect, and an uncomfortable settling-in period between a new boss and workers can also be more costly in lost productivity than on-the-job training for an internal employee. Finally, suppose a company makes a point of hiring outsiders as managers instead of promoting insiders. Well, that company will soon find that its own best employees will have not choice but to look to advance their own careers outside the company. And when these key employees leave, they will also take their valuable business contacts away with them to their new employer.
11
Exercise 7
Conventional wisdom says that a very primitive kind of bread was the first grain food that human societies ate. But, you know, for the last few decades, there’s been an alternative hypothesis that quite a few anthropologists are starting to give a closer look. That hypotheses says that is was, in fact, beer—not bread—that was the first again food. Sound strange? Consider a couple of things. For one thing, you don’t have to grind wheat to make it easier to eat. If you keep it in a moist environment, it naturally starts sprouting, with a new baby plant splitting the hard seed case in half. Sprouted wheat is sweeter, softer, and actually more nutritious than whole wheat seeds—and it would have developed without human bright idea of crushing it. In order to discover the usefulness of ground wheat, someone gad to get the bright idea of crushing it. To discover the usefulness of sprouted wheat, people just had to do nothing and let it sit. Which do you think happened first? Another thing: what turns grain into beer is fermentation, and wheat begins to ferment almost as soon as it’s stored—from water and yeasts in the air. After the wheat sprouted, it would have started to ferment. The process would have been obvious because of the bubbles and foam that formed. People could have experimented by tasting it and discovering the first beer. And even if you assume that people were already grinding wheat to paste, think about it. The paste ferments and bubbles. Is it likely that early peoples would have thought to fire it before eating? We’re used to cooking our food, but in prehistoric times, the idea that you would take fire to food to improve it for eating was not obvious.
Exercise 8
For years, forest fires were regarded as uniformly destructive, and forest managers put alout of effort into preventing them. But it turns out that fire suppression may have destructive long-term effects on the forests it’s supposed to protect. For instance, mature oaks have grown so thickly in some places that little light reaches the forest floor. But young oak trees need light in order to grow properly. The lack of light has meant that new oaks aren’t maturing rapidly enough to replace the older oaks. It also means that other tree species that don’t need so much light, such as maples, are invading oak and hickory forests and competing for resource. There are competition problems at ground level too. What forest fires, both natural and artificial, used to do is burn off some of the plants on the forest floor before they could grow into huge thickets. Now they run wild over the ground—and again, that means it’s hard for young trees and other native plants to grow. Then there’s the increase in the deer population—this partially results from the lack of forest fires and partially from limitations on hunting—but the thing is, deer like to eat the leaves off oak saplings. So if one of those oak seedlings somehow does manage to get a good start, despite the shade and all the other plants competing for nutrients, it’s likely to be killed by having its leaves eaten. Oh, and one other thing: Scientists are now finding that forest fires release nutrients from the plants and animals that are burned. That means that, even though the total amount of nutrients is decreased, there can actually be more nutrients available on the soil surface for plants that are trying to grow back afterward.
12
13
托福综合写作7范文托福作文的综合写作应该写
托福综合写作7范文托福作文的综合写作应该写托福作文写作应该分为三个层次，也就是我们确定中心思想后应该找三个理由来支持。托福写作还有一个五段论，第一段为中心思想，二三四为支持段落，第五段总结观点。这个就是所谓的八股文。但是形式不能太明显，在表达中多加入自己的思想，八股文的形式会隐晦一些。一般这种写作可以助你在托福作文中取得高分。 构建综合写作整体，你可以从以下这几个方面入手：第一，将听力及阅读中的核心观点提炼出来，并指明对应的两个观点是支持还是对立；第二，分为几个段落，分别从不同角度总结出两个观点的论据。最后，重申主要论证观点并注意切忌掺加个人观点。听力结束后，考生还会有时间回看阅读文章，所以不用完整记忆阅读文章的论点和论据，记下核心即可。 有问题，可以再问我。 我觉得 ___老师讲的不太对，我自己本身也在 ___培训过，感觉他们讲的方法都是很过时的方法，不太适用于新托福的考试。下面是我自己考了四次托福的感想： 2、其实考试的时候，观点找错的情况似乎不太会发生。。。因为阅读里面都有提示了啊。。。一般不会弄错的，所以不用担心，
重点是细节不要搞错，要挺清楚细节说了那几点，尽量不要落下那个点，细节齐全 3、写得时候模板适当用用，但是表全部都用，那样文章就有点僵硬了，你自己读着通顺就好啊。 4、文章内部用词要有多样性，要适当地用一些高级的词汇，如重要的这个意思，你不要只用important, 这样显得你不认识多少单词，可以用significant, vital, essential, of great importance, core, 这种意思相近的单词或者是意群来表达，这样他们就认为你词汇量大了。 5、写综合写作最能体现你的词汇量和句型的多边性，所以不要直接照抄听力或者是阅读的内容，这样就表现不出你自己了，多看看新概念4里面的表达方法，哪些句型神马的都很好，对考试很有用！！！ 6、模板没有对错之分，你自己需要好一个模板，然后自己用自己弄出来的，这样比较好，不过这种东西都差不多，重点还是看个人的表达神马的，还有词汇量什么的。
托福写作高分范文仿写技巧
托福写作高分范文仿写技巧作为托福考试写作部分两篇文章其中之一，独立写作主要以学生的学术知识背景和个人生活经验为基础来考察语语言的学习规律是相通的。有了正确的『输入』，才能有正确的『输出』。所以，要想在英文写作中有所提高，我们可以借鉴一些上乘的范文，对其思路、结构、语言等进行模仿，并最终应用在我们自己的文章中。这个过程就叫做『仿写』。今天文都国际教育小编就给大家介绍下托福写作高分范文仿写技巧。 如何做仿写? 托福写作高分范文仿写技巧Step 1 通读范文，了解通篇大意，仔细研究各段构思。 在教学过程中，我会为学生甄选符合国外考试评分标准的优秀范文。学生拿到这些范文后，可以从宏观的角度了解作者对于题目的观点，是采用了单边、双边还是中立的角度来进行论证。学生还可以从微观的角度，深度分析每个主体段，作者是如何通过有逻辑地说理，并配以恰当具体的例子，来证明此段的分论点。 以下为范?段落实例： Modern society places a lot of emphasis on success. Though success is clearly desirable, Ithink our intense focus on success is unhealthy and counter productive.People would be better served by learning how to adopt a positive attitude towards failure. 托福写作高分范文仿写技巧Step 2 学习优秀的语言点 针对每一篇范文，我会为学生总结出其中用法得到的词组和句式，并让学生趁热打铁，强化对这些语料的记忆。这种从整体中提取，呈现成个体的形式，会让学生对这些语料的印象更加深刻。 以下为提取实例：
托福独立写作主体段写法技巧――双观点篇(精)
托福独立写作主体段写法技巧——双观点篇 托福独立写作对于很多托福考生来说是取得高分难以逾越的一道鸿沟, 这不仅需要大量的练习, 还需掌握其中的诀窍。今天, 教育优选为各位考生带来托福独立写作主题段双观点的写法点拨,希望对各位考生有所帮助。 通常对于独立写作我们都会选择五段式的结构,这个结构包括三个主体段, 按照题型我们可以将写作类型分为三个:支持反对类 (单观点、对比比较类 (双观点、自主定义类。今天,闫玲娟老师跟各位考生分析一下有关双观点类题目的写作技巧,下面是一道典型的题目: Topic 2008.11.9 Movies and TV have more positive effects than negative effects on young people’ s behavior. 电影电视对于青少年行为的影响利大于弊。 题目中明显要求就电视的优点以及缺点进行比较,我们暂且用 A 、 B 表示两个不同观点 1.A+A+B 双关的写作的第一种写法是运用两个正向的论点去支撑 A , 再用一个论点去支持 B ,因为 A 的优势更大一些,所以最终得出 A 更合适的结果。 Topic 2008.11.9 Movies and TV have more positive effects than negative effects on young people’ s behavior. 电影电视对于青少年行为的影响利大于弊。 Agree :
The positive influence outweighs their negative effects. Large quantities of motion pictures (movies about encouragement strengthen young generation’ s willpower to chase dreams with determination. Influenced by a number of interesting TV programs, young people begin to learn things that they used to feel boring. Admittedly , we should not ignore that there are some violent plots which tend to result in teenage crimes.However, this kind of movie makes up only a small section of products in film industry and is under the strict control of government. Therefore, its influence is quite limited. 我们可以看到, 在这种写法中, 我们所支持的观点为电影电视是利大于弊的。 前两个理由我们先正向抛出两个论点说明为什么它们对青年人的影响利大于弊, 最后一个分论点我们写让步段, 先承认它们的确有可能对青年人行为产生错误的引导, 但是其后又对这些错误影响做一些弥补, 因为有负面影响的节目只是整个电影市场的一小部分,不能够以偏概全,断章取义。 2.A+A-B 我们介绍的第二种写法是, 先用两个正向的论点支持 A , 再用一个论点去反对B ,最终得出 A 更适合的结果。 Topic :Some people argue that the government should not spend money on public services and facilities, but on arts. 有一部分人认为政府应该花更多的钱在公共服务和基础设施上,而非艺术上。 Public facilities, widely accepted as the main foundation to a city’ s development, should be one of the highest priorities. In addition to social benefits, ther e are a great number of economic merits that …
托福写作-翻译句子练习
中文： 1. 旅游业不但给政府带来税收而且给很多人提供了就业机会。 2. 赌博不但对健康有害，而且会影响家庭和睦。 3. 打工不但能让学生赚零花钱，而且还能让他们学到人际交往的能力。 4. 现在很多学校的校服不但贵，而且还难看，质量不好。 5. 政府不但要多建一些公路，还要鼓励人们多使用公交车。 6. 老人们既不需要很多的钱，也不需要很大的房子，他们最需要的是子女的关心和照顾。 7. 我喜欢旅游，但是，我既没有钱，也没有时间。 8. 在老人院，老人既能够接受到医疗，又能够找到很多有共同话题，共同兴趣的的伙伴。 9. 缴税既是有有利于国家，也是有利于个人。因为政府的税收主要用于公共服务，这个是每个人都会受益的。 10. 打电脑游戏既浪费时间，又有害视力。 11. 打电脑游戏既能使人放松，又能锻炼大脑的灵活性，反映能力 12. 依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死
于与吸烟有关的疾病。 13. 没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。 14. 许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。 15. 无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。 16. 考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。 17. 尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明飞机会造成灾难性的污染。 18. 没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。 19. 事实上，我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。 20. 我们应该不遗余力地保护我们的环境。 21. 现在，人们普遍认为 22. 我同意后者，有如下理由： 23. 这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。 24. 使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康，并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。 25. 尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在它的问题。 26. 在速度和舒适度方面，自行车是无法和汽车、火
新托福独立写作21类题目
新托福独立写作21类题目 1.体育类： 2008.11.14—Children should only play sports for fun rather than play sports in competitions or contests. (Education) 孩子们应该为了乐趣而去参加体育活动而不是为了竞争或者比赛。 体育在现代生活的重要性有： 1.体育可以在身体得到锻炼，使身体素质得到提高； 2.体育活动让朋友和家人聚集一起参加锻炼，有社会意义，是一种积极的休闲和团体活动； 3.体育可以调节生活，让人们获得心理上的健康和快乐，更好的缓解压力； 4.体育可以提高人的意志和韧性； 5.体育是一个大的产业，给国家带来收入； 6.体育体现了人类社会的精神，可以促进世界和平。 体育运动的优点： 1.增加体质(increase physical strength)，有益于身心健康； 2.加快脂肪燃烧(accelerate fat burning)，有助于减肥(lose weight)； 3.有助于保持体形(stay in shape)，提高自我的形象(improve self image)； 4.有助于缓解压力(relieve stress)，调节心情(improve mood)，减少失落的情绪(reduce the chance of depression)； 5.有助于保持旺盛的精力(keep energetic)，从而提高工作效率(increase productivity)。 孩子参加体育项目是为了获得快乐：因为体育活动可以让他们得到精神上的放松，可以是他们和朋友交流的一种方式； 而获得乐趣并不是体育活动的唯一目的，参加比赛也是一种目的，因为比赛获胜可以让他们获得一种成就感，输了可以学会逆境成长的精神。 2008.12.5—Sports teaches us lessons about life. 运动教会我们一些生活道理 运动教会我们要养成健康的生活方式和积极的人生态度； 体育比赛告诉我们竞争是生活的一部分，但友谊同样重要； 团队运动教给人们要合作，在生活中和工作中也要学会合作，这样做事情才会能有效率，比如，在足球篮球比赛中，你不能时时都争着进球，要注意合作才能获得更高的分数，一个全都是优秀球员的球队并不一定能给打败一个球员很平庸但是合作的很好的球队，在生活上也是如此，我们不必事事争第一，和别人合作往往能达到共赢的目的。 棋类运动教给我们许多生活道理，比如我们下棋的时候必须瞻前顾后，考虑很多步，生活上也是，凡事三思而后行 2.专业知识类： 2006.11.19—It is more important to choose a subject of your interest than to choose subjects which prepare you for a job or a career.(Education) 选自己感兴趣的学科比选有前途的学科更重要（支持该观点） 中间段写作思路： （一）Reason 1: 因果链接：资源有限—竞争激烈—压力大—就业压力—就业竞争中脱颖而出—有前途的专业（举例） 首先：学习对于未来的职业有用的学科之后才能更容易找到工作。当代社会每个人都渴望取得成功，但是资源是有限的，所以竞争激烈，每个人承受的压力都很大，其中大学生面临的最现实的问题就是就业问题。
托福综合作文写作万能模板
托福综合作文写作万能模板 一，对立类（就一个事物判断是与否agree or disagree） 1,开头（给出A B C三个方案） A方案.(GM) With the development/introduction…, xxx, the xxx, are more and more +adj/ become adj increasingly. Xxx often face the dilemma of whether to vt …… with all aspects carefully considered, I believe that……/ I think to vt what would be a better choice. B方案． 在日常生活中，有很多值得我们去推敲判断的问题。就像我们看到上文作者提出的问题时，你会如何认为？（有的人认为……；也有的人认为……；）就我的来说，如下的考虑方向使得我认为……。 In daily life /during our life, so many problems are worth considering carefully. As what has been come up with, when you face/when it comes to /there is a public debate today that/recently the problem has been brought into focus that… ……what is your choice and what is your opinion? Some hold the view that/some think………..while the others believe that………. However, with all aspects carefully considered, I believe that…………… 零碎的句子：A is a common way of ….., but is it a wise one？Some people hold the different view…… C方案. (excellent) 如果发现能够用到反问排比就这样套句,前提是你的例子充足多，头脑风暴用的又好又快。
托福独立写作高分10大例子
托福独立写作高分10大例子 很多考生在备考托福独立写作的时候都有这样的感觉：没有话可写。文都国际小编称，想要你的写作内容充实并用字数达到要求，一些通用资料还是很重要的。下面小编为大家准备了托福独立写作高分10大例子，大家一起来学习一下吧。 1. It can improve health condition and enhance our ability to respond quickly. Besides, as long as we keep doing it frequently, we can effectively lose weight and keep ourselves in good shape. In addition, it can better prepare us for any physical challenge in the future 2. He should tolerate relatively small mistakes committed by others. Making mistakes is somehow inevitable, as long as it’s unintentional, he is supposed to forgive it. The tolerance will breed gratitude from others. 3. During the process of communication, my interpersonal skills will improve considerably. This can help me cooperate with others more
托福写作 多种句型练习
主旨句练习 我同意人们不应以貌取人。(judge by appearances/ looks) 我认为学校应该教学生有关职业和工作的课程。(careers and jobs) 人们在社会中生活而不是独自生活有几个原因。(live in society, live alone) 孩子们喜欢花大多数时间玩电子游戏，但是，应该禁止他们玩这些游戏。(nonetheless, prohibit sb. From doing) 分论点练习 尽管语言和文化不同，但我还是可以结交外国好朋友。(despite the fact that, make friends)
毫无疑问，快速做出决定总是带给我们错误的答案。(there is no doubt that, make quick decisions) 插入语练习 1.正在处理一些深奥问题的知识分子，早已将所有手头上的事协调安排好。(intellectual, abstruse, coordinate, the matter in hand) the intellectual, who is working on some abstruse problem, has everything coordinated and organized for the matter in hand. 2.如果路上没有发生类似爆胎、交通转移、突然出现的青蛙的事故，他们就会准时到达。(punctured tires, diversions of traffic, sudden descent of frog) if on accidents occur on the way, like punctured tires, diversions of traffic and
托福综合写作万能模板：IBT综合写作模板
托福综合写作万能模板：IBT综合写作模板 In this listening material, the professor made several points about ____________. First of all / Moreover / Furthermore, the professor states / claims / argues / discusses / mentions / talks / indicates / says / contends / raises the issue / demonstrates / makes the point / holds / believes / shows that __________________, while the reading passage (反对)contradicts / departs from / refutes / disagrees with / opposes to the writer’s expectation / casts doubt on / presents a (totally) different idea / jeopardizes / differs from / on the contrary / makes the explanation seem less likely / in contrast /(支持)supports / illustrates / strengthens / agrees with / bolsters / (perfectly) reinforces / presents the same view that ____________.
托福写作提分技巧【语法篇】.
智课网托福备考资料 托福写作提分技巧【语法篇】 托福写作要短期快速提分有一些小技巧是很好用的,应为很多托福考生对托福考试一直存在理解误区,只要走出误区,就会发现自己的写作成绩提升很快!了解更多考试资讯:400-077-0188. 今天我想说的就是帮助考友们可以在最短的时间内提升自己的分数,而这些小技巧之所以好用,绝大多数都是因为我们对托福考试的误区所造成的,因此只要走出这些误区,那么我们马上就能发现自己的分数有很大的提升。当然,我还必须说一句,就是有的人是认识的问题,也就是对托福考试的认识的问题,而大多数人的问题都是在能力上,而不是认识上,因此小伙伴们千万不要舍本逐末! 今天,老师要讲的这个暗爽提分小技巧,其实非常简单,就是语法! 很多小伙伴也许,不屑一顾,我也知道我语法不好,但是没有办法啊。其实,并不是这样的。要知道,很多小伙伴在准备托福作文的时候,第一在意的并不是语法,而是能不能写完作文,很多小伙伴都把自己的精力,花在如何套用各种各样模板或者句型上。这才是很多小伙伴在准备托福考试的时候,尤其是一开始的时候,最为在意的事情!其实当你这么做的时候,重点就错了! 其实对于写完作文这件事情,ETS并不是那么在意,要知道,有很多小伙伴没有写最后一段,或者最后一句话没写完,也是有28、29分的!而且,哪怕他们写完,作文也不
会到30分,满分。之所以会出现这种情况,就是因为,其实ETS的评分看的是你作文整体所体现出来的整体水平,这才是ETS最关心的!这里所谓的整体水平,就包括你 的遣词造句,包括你的例子是否可以很好地支持你的观点,这些内容才是ETS的加分点,至于很多人所关心的,写完一篇作文到底能打多少分?其实ET S并不能给出答案,因为不管你写的是300字,还是700字,只要写的好,分数就好,写的不好,800字的分数也仍然会很低。 是的,ETS不关心你写没写完! 反过来,ETS这位姑娘关心什么?ETS关心你是否品行正直,也就是关心你是否有语法错误。ETS关心你写的是否地道,也就是关心你是否能力拔群!这才是ETS最关心的!因此,你只要写的作文没有语法错 误,那么你的分数基本上就不会低于20分。要知道,如果每科都平均20分的话,那么你就已经有80分了哦! 那么语法错误到底怎么改?只要点破了,其实很简单,而且时间还很短。就是两点:第一,找人修改;第二,把错误的点总结,而且记下来,下次不要再犯错。 很多人总觉得,我学了这么多年英语,都没学好语法,语法怎能是几天就搞定的? 其实,我们常见的语法错误,也就是主谓一致,介词不能跟动词原形,等少数的几个问题,只要硬着头皮写3-5篇作文,就全都能暴露出来!一定要记住,写完一篇,就找人 改一篇,然后总结错误的内容,然后再写一篇,再找人改一篇,再总结错误的内容,保证在下一篇作文之中尽量不犯同样的错误,不怕写得慢,就怕犯同样的错误。只要这样,写过5篇作文,你的绝大多数错误也就都能解决了。如果,能写过10篇的话,而且都 找人改的话,你就应该不会再有什么语法错误了。一切就是这么简单!
新托福独立写作必背话题词汇
新托福独立写作必背分类话题词汇 一、Education教育 二、Technology科技 三、Media媒体 四、Success 成功 五、Work 工作 六、Government 政府七、Friends 朋友 八、Old vs. Y oung 九、Transportation 交通 十、Environment 环境 十一、Money 金钱 十二、Leisure 休闲 十三、Family 家庭 十四、Animals 动物 十五、Food 食物 十六、Safety安全 十七、Health健康 十八、Food 食物 一、Education教育 作业n. assignment（可数)与homework不同选修课n. elective course 学分n. credit 青少年n. ；青春期的adj. adolescent 适应adapt to sth. / become accustomed to sth. 应用v. apply 团队精神team spirit 独立思考think independently 在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding 学生的反馈students’ feedback 学生评价老师的教学students appraise/ evaluate their teachers’ performance 通才n. generalist 专才n. specialist 全面发展的adj. well-rounded 多才多艺的adj. versatile 为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being (or welfare) 工科n. engineering 学科（通称）；纪律n. 管教vt. discipline 互动vt. interact 自制力n. self-discipline 小（中、大）学教育primary-level (or secondary-level/ tertiary-level ) education 职业教育vocational education 学校给学生的教育n. schooling 学校提供的课程总称n. curriculum ( pl. curricula) 心理的adj. psychological 参与n. participation 熟练掌握……be proficient in 榜样role model 同龄人n. peer 对孩子/弱者过度保护adj. overprotective 家长给小孩的教育n. parenting 批判眼光看问题能力critical thinking abilities 有创造力的adj. creative/original 表现出色perform well 为…打好基础lay a solid foundation for 评估n. evaluation 对…非常好的掌握n. mastery 好奇心n. curiosity 精英n. elite 应试教育test-oriented education 富于想象力的imaginative 无知的adj. ignorant 误入歧途go astray 文盲（的）n.&adj. illiterate 给人动力的adj. motivating 未成年人n. minors 溺爱vt. spoil 青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency 欺负（n. “喜欢欺负人的孩子”）vt. bully 植物学n. botany 天文学n. astronomy 培养v. cultivate/ foster/ nurture 促进学生身心发展promote the student’s physical/mental (or intellectual) and emotional development 心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare 给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth/ motivate the students to do sth 传授知识impart/ inculcate knowledge 灌输高尚的道德观instill high moral values 给学生以灵感give the students inspiration 学生对老师所教知识的掌握students’grasp (or command) of what has been taught 就业技能employable skills 填鸭式教法教学生force-feed the students 死记硬背learn things by rote 责任感sense of obligation/ duty/ responsibility 记忆方程式、公式、定理、定律memorize equations, formulas, theorems and laws 盲从follow sth. blindly
2020托福写作练习先审题
2020托福写作练习先审题 托福备考中大家都会找一些写作题目来练习写作。那么托福写作练习应该怎么练呢?下面就和大家分享托福写作练习先审题再写作把握好时间，来欣赏一下吧。 托福写作练习先审题 一. 托福写作练习第一步 需要的只是大家在草稿纸上使用英文单词又或是汉语把各个理由列出，防止遗忘，时间一般在3分钟到5分钟。要避免两个地方: 1.用时太少，并未所理由想清楚开始写，不但导致*逻辑结构不清，同时还会导致行文中频繁的修正，欲速则不达。 2.用时太多，大家一定别追求一次思考便可以将每一条理由与相关例证全部想出来。事实上要想出两条之后便能够动笔了，那么各个理由的例证能够写到该段时边思考边写。此点大家根本不需要怀疑，只要你的思维还是正常的，一定能做到。 二. 托福写作练习第二步 此时要进行的是正文写作。
1.各段写作时要留意到针对不同段落部分要给出不同的重视。其中给予重视的是主题句，注意炼句，一定不要说你不想写主题句，主题句能够让读者与笔者本人更清晰该段落写什么。而且各段里支持性细节写作根本不需要遵循一样的模式。写正文的时候可以使用以下几点:1.举具体事例; 2.说对方相对缺点; 3.使用数据; 4.使用假想例子; 5.使用类比、比喻以及引用等修辞手段做论述。而哪一种大家才是容易想出来，用哪一种。 2.将*开头、结尾、例证以及让步等不同种类句型背熟练，同时还要练习与模考时将他们用熟，若像把填空做完一样对待考场作文。那么不要想着在考场上再去临时决定比如哪种开头好，怎样结尾好。可以利用自己选种的套话。 3.若离结束只有5分钟时，通常大家需要的是已经写到一条理由，又或是已经在做结尾。还要*有结尾段(不排除将它和一条理由的末段结合在一起的可能性)。 三.托福写作练习第三步 检查。需要1-3分钟，全面检查*，修改语法和拼写错误。 托福备考之独立写作满分范文 task：People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge). Why do you think people attend college or
托福TPO14独立写作题目文本+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO14独立写作题目文本+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。 托福TPO14独立写作题目原文： Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People benefit more from traveling in their own country than from traveling to foreign countries. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 托福TPO14独立写作满分范文： Travelling can expand one's outlook, amplify one's experience and make many new friends. It could be a superb lesson in one's life. If I have/possess adequate time and money to plan my tour, i would prefer to tour foreign countries. Foreign life can serve various life experiences and lifestyles which are hardly acquired in domestic life. In the identical social and environmental circumstances, people generally have relatively familiar and similar views and experiences. The distinction is, if any, slight. If people do not go abroad, they can rarely obtain refreshing ideas. For example, some people who come from highly industrialized countries with high welfare, tend to take the free healthcare and education for granted, but if they have a foreign tour in impoverished countries or regions where the food is almost far from enough, not to mention schooling, they can be taught a precious lesson: Cherish one's own life and help someone who needs help. Oversea travelling can offer broader choices. As far as I know, some countries are as small as one common city of the United States. In such countries, if people refuse to journey abroad then they have to repeat his footprints time and time again. On the other hand, some countries are located on some lonely islands without forests and all the fish comes from the sea, if these residents want to ride a horse in the plain or taste freshwater fish, they have to travel abroad. Besides, the exotic landscapes and customs are more curious and attractive than familiar ones. Generally speaking, people are curious; they prefer to acquire purely refreshing experiences, rather than relatively familiar or even well-known ones. The foreign lifestyle, food and scenery are always far different from one's own domestic experiences, which is the key factor IN satisfying people's curiosity more deeply. In conclusion, foreign tour can afford more various life experiences, more options, and satisfy people's curiosity. These advantages appeal to us. Needless to
托福 tpo26 综合写作范文
In terms whether the zebra mussel will exert negative influence on North American, the passage and lecture are contradictory to each other. The author believes that zebra mussel might do harm the local species as they arrived while the lecturer holds a different opinion. First of all, the author makes a point that the history events suggest the zebra mussel's invasion is unstoppable. In the past, human transportation makes it possible for zebra mussel spread around the whole Europe and it is likely to happen again in North American. However, the lecturer demonstrates a different idea that a change made in the "ballast water" will prevent the invasion of zebra mussel from continuing. He says that if we refill the "ballast water" with ocean water, the mussel will no longer survive because the saline water might probably kill them all. Second, contrary to the belief in the passage that zebra mussel is able to conquer the new habitat due to their high reproduction rates and adaptation ability, as well as lacking predator, the lecturer says that the hypothesis made by author is not true. He mentions that there are many local bird will eat the zebra mussel as a major prey. As a result, the zebra mussel is unlikely to dominate the new habitat. Finally, regarding whether the zebra mussel will cause the decline in the fish population since they may compete for food such as plankton with fish species. The author thinks it is a possible consequence brought by zebra mussel. However, the lecturer refutes it that the mussel can't reduce the fish population because they provide enough nutrient for bottom living fish.
托福写作开头的11种示例
托福写作开头的11种示例 采用不同的句子开头是使句子多样化的手段之一。我们造句及写作的时候不应该总是用“subject-verb-object” 的结构顺序，而应该尽量用不同的方式展开一个句子。不同的句子开头既可以美化句子，同时也能使句子与句子之间自然过度，衔接自然，以免过于依赖过渡词。在TWE 考试中主考官对句子结构的多样化也非常的重视，看看常见的句子开头的方法! 托福作文句子的开头可以采用以下的任何一种方式： 1. 用副词开头，常见的情形有： (1) 副词修饰全句 Luckily, he didn't know my phone number; otherwise, he would bother me. Incredibly, Helena got straight A in her school report this semester. Interestingly, cats and dogs can hardly get along well in a house.
修饰全句常用的副词有： obviously undoubtedly apparently fortunately clearly unfortunately incredibly luckily unluckily surprisingly frighteningly 这些副词大多数表示说话人对全句的看法，在意思上相等与“It is … 形容词that …” 。e.g: Obviously, he is nervous about the test. =It is obvious that he is nervous about the test. Unfortunately, he tripped over and fell in the mud. =It is unfortunate that he tripped over and fell in the mud. (2) 强调副词 Hurriedly, the man drew me a scratch map to show me the direction. Dangerously, the drunkard sped down the street. Slowly and gently, snowflakes were drifting down from the sky. (3) 副词表示某一地域或某一领域 Geographically, Canada is the biggest country in the world. Financially, she is independent, but emotionally she is dependent. 2. 用插入语开头，表示说话人的态度，或使句子的意思更加准确： Strangely enough, Jennifer does not enjoy sunshine and beach.