2013大学英语四级改革及对策

全国大学英语四级改革及应对策略

大学英语四级考试流程

8：50---9：00试音时间

9：00---9：10播放考场指令，发放作文考卷

9：10取下耳机，开始作文考试

9：35发放含有快速阅读的试题册(但9：40才允许开始做)

9：40---9：55做快速阅读

9：55---10：00收答题卡一(即作文和快速阅读)

9：55---10：00重新戴上耳机，试音寻台，准备听力考试

10：00开始听力考试，电台开始放音

听力结束后完成剩余考项。

11：20全部考试结束。

一、试卷构成和成绩报道

就所测试的语言能力而言，试点阶段的四级考试由以下四个部分构成：1）听力理解；2）阅读理解；3）完型填空或改错；4）写作和翻译。

听力理解部分分值比例为35%；其中听力对话15%，听力短文20%。听力对话部分包括短对话和长对话的听力理解；听力短文部分包括选择题型的短文理解和复合式听写。

阅读理解部分分值比例为35%；其中仔细阅读部分（Reading in Depth）25%，快速阅读部分（Skimming and Scanning）10%。仔细阅读部分分为：a）选择题型的篇章阅读理解；b）篇章层次的词汇理解（Banked Cloze）或短句问答（Short Answer Questions）。快速阅读理解部分测试的是浏览阅读和查读能力。

完型填空或改错部分分值比例为10%。完型填空部分采用多项选择题型，改错部分的要求是辨认错误并改正。

写作和翻译部分分值比例为20%；其中写作部分（Writing）15%，翻译部分（Translation）5%。写作的体裁包括议论文、说明文、应用文等；翻译部分测试的是句子、短语或常用表达层次上的中译英能力。

试点阶段的四级考试各部分测试内容、题型和所占分值比例如表1所示：

试点阶段四级考试单项分的报道共分为四个部分：听力（35%）、阅读（35%）、完型填空或改错（10%）、作文和翻译（20%）。各单项报道分的满分分别为：听力249分，阅读249分，完型填空或改错70分，作文142分。各单项分相加之和等于总分（710分）。

二、关于样卷的说明

四、六级考试改革项目组和考试委员会在试测的基础上设计了本样卷，即改革后四级考试的范型卷。实际考试中，可根据表1所描述的框架结构，采用与样卷不完全相同的题型。

根据考生答题的顺序，样卷共分为六个部分：写作测试、快速阅读理解、听力理解、仔细阅读理解、完型填空和翻译。样卷结构、各部分答题时间和所用答题卡见表2。

样卷答题时间共125分钟。考试开始后，考生首先在答题卡1上完成写作部分。30分钟后，监考员发试题册，考生在接着的15分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题。然后，监

考员收回答题卡1。考生在答题卡2上完成其余部分的试题。

听力理解部分的比例提高到35%，其中听力对话占15%，听力短文占20%。听力对话部分包括短对话和长对话的听力理解；听力短文部分包括短文听写和选择题型的短文理解；听力题材选用对话、讲座、广播电视节目等更具真实性的材料。

阅读理解部分比例调整为35%，其中仔细阅读部分（careful reading）占25%，快速阅读部分（fast reading）占10%。仔细阅读部分除测试篇章阅读理解外，还包括对篇章语境中的词汇理解的测试；快速阅读部分测试各种快速阅读技能。

综合测试比例为15%，由两部分构成。第一部分为完型填空或改错，占10%；第二部分为短句问答或翻译，占5%。

写作能力测试部分比例为15%，体裁包括议论文、说明文、应用文等。

与旧四级相比，新四级体现出不少新的特点：

听力部分：增加了2个长对话

听力的分值由原来的20%上升到现在的35%。题型也丰富为小对话、长对话、短文章、复合式听写4种。听力考察将分为3个部分：第一部分由8个小对话和2个长对话组成；第二部分是3篇小文章；第三部分为复合式听写(compound dictation)。主要的变化来自第一个部分，小对话由原来的10个减少到8个，增加了2个长对话，每个长对话之后会有3-4道题。

阅读部分：增加两种新题型

阅读的比重由原来的40%减为35%。其中，仔细阅读(ReadinginDepth)的文章减少至2篇，分数占全卷的20%，题型为广大考生熟悉的多项选择。另出现两种新的阅读考察方法：快速阅读和选词填空。选词填空考察方式为：从一篇220字左右的文章中，留出10个单词的空格，从给出的15个备选单词中选出10个填入文章相应处，使文章意思通顺，表达正确。这部分主要考察考生对词汇的认知和语法的理解。另外，快速阅读要求在15分钟内完成一篇1200字左右的文章和后面的10道题，前7个是判断正误，后3个是填空题，答案基本都是原文中出现的原词。

综合部分：“结构与词汇”取消

综合部分是新四级中比较有新意的一部分。其特点是题型选择多样，并有一定比例的主观题。新四级中取消了老四级中考察语法词汇的“结构与词汇”部分，取而代之的是更加灵活的考察方式。这就要求考生不仅要能了解单词和基本句法，更应具备灵活应用所学知识的能力。

写作部分：没有什么变化

写作部分无变化，仍然是按照要求写一篇短文，分数占全卷的15%。可以看出新四级在对考生的写作能力要求上并没有大的提高。

从上表可以看出新四级考试由原来以阅读理解为主（占40%）改革为听力与阅读并重（各占35%）。主观题分量加重，也就是非选择性的试题有一定幅度的增加。具体到考试的试卷上有可能会占到35%到45%之间。整体而言，总体难度提高，比旧四级考试更能全面和准确地测出考生的真实英语水平。

具体而言，听力部分增加了TOEFL 听力中的长对话，以弥补传统短对话测试听力的不足。长对话可能以日常生活对话段子、教授讲座、广播节目等形式给出。听力中还加入了短文听写。这一题型在近几年考试中已经尝试性地出过，考生普遍反映难度很高。取消及格线后短文听写将会是拉开考生分数档次的一部分，尤其是复合式听写。

阅读理解部分也有很大的变化，分仔细阅读和快速阅读。仔细阅读部分除了传统的单项选择题还增加了选词填空，即考核在一定语境中对词汇的灵活应用，这无疑比单纯考词汇题更科学。而快速阅读理解题型的引入则是顺应了时代发展的要求。因为当今社会信息爆炸，在学习、工作和日常生活中从海量信息中快速筛选出自己所需要的那部分已经成为现代人的必备素养。快速阅读理解与仔细阅读理解不一样，重点是快速而准确地把握文章的总体逻辑走向（logic structure）信息要点（key points）。

增加的综合测试部分共占15%的分值，保留了先前的完型填空或改错（二选一），占10%；增加了篇章问答题或句子翻译题，占5%。不难看出，无论采用何种题型，这部分出题主要意图在于测出考生的英语语法、词汇、逻辑及翻译等方面的综合能力。

最后一部分写作与旧题一样，没有太大变化。

下面详细说明各项新的要求：

听力，听说能力

根据新的教学大纲要求，听写，听说能力要大大加强。具体体现在试卷上，听力将从原来所占20%的比例上升到35%。并且听力部分不仅保留了短对话和听力短文，还增加了听力长对话。与此同时，只是偶尔出现的听写理解栏目也成为了新四级中得必考项目。这样的改变，无疑踩到了大多数在校大学生英语学习中的软肋，对学生比较的听力能力的要求有了较大幅度的提高。

快速浏览信息能力

这次考试改革的另外一个变化体现在阅读方面，将来阅读部分会占整卷的35%，而以前是原来是40%，不过在35%中会分为仔细阅读和快速阅读两个部分，仔细阅读占25%，快速阅读占10%。快速阅读不要求考生读懂全文，只要能够从文章中找出对答题有用的信息就可以了，但是要求考生能以较快的速度找到有用信息。这种改变突出了对快速浏览信息

能力的要求，这是以前没有的。

主观理解能力

这次改革的另一个主要方面是主观题，在改革后的试卷中选择题仍然是主要题型，但是增加了非选择题的比重，也就是主观题型的比重，这个比例会增加到35%-45%。

主观题可能会有几种表现形式

l 在听力方面会有可能让学生做听写，听写一些单词或者是听写一些句子；

l 在快速阅读部分，有可能使用一种单词填空的形式，在一篇文章中去掉一些单词让同学们往里面填。

l 在快速阅读部分还有可能会让大家做句子填空，读完一篇文章以后，来根据文章的意思把一句话里面的单词填出来。

l 改错题型，首先判断一行中有无错误，如果有错误的话把错误指出，并且将其改正过来。

l 简答题型，现在四级有时候也会考到的一种新题型，就是读一篇文章后面有几个问题，针对这个问题进行简答。

l 最后的两种主观题的命题方式一个是翻译，另外一种是写作。

总得看来会增加主观题在整个试卷中的比重，并引入新的题型。这对考生的主观理解对语言的组织都有进一步更高的要求。

语言的实际运用能力

这次考试改革的主要目的就是通过题型和考察评分方式的改变，来突出对考生语言的实际运用能力的考察。逐渐避免考试中的高分和实际英语应用水平的落差，使考生更注重对英语基本能力的训练。比如说听写能力，比如说写作能力、改错能力等。

从而使四级考试的结果能够更真实的反映学生的英语综合能力，也更具有参考价值。

针对各项难度上升题型的应对策略

总体而言，要根据自己的语言程度和未来工作需要，订立目标分数（500、600或700），各单项要平衡发展，用一套系统的复习方案指导备考。

听力方面：

大部分考生的听力环节极其薄弱，练习方法不科学。所以需要从听力词汇，听力场景等方面多下功夫。多听新闻时事，多练听写。提高听音、辨音、理解和听写的能力。

听力考试原来是短对话，现在是短对话加长对话，就是要求学生的短期记忆能力要加强。另外就是随时做笔记的能力要加强，每天要短时间高频率地进行一些听力的练习。

阅读方面：

快速阅读，要求学生有整体的阅读观，了解英语文章特有的篇章结构，养成良好的阅读习惯，以意群为单位迅速扫描，强调对于文章整体的理解。要加强自己的快速阅读能力，还需要考生具备一目十行的能力。一篇文章大概有一两百字，但是后面的问题只有一个，这就要求你能够迅速地在文章中把对应的信息找到，至于这篇文章讲什么内容不一定要知道，只要能找到相应的信息点就可以了。

仔细阅读部分，要求学生能够迅速定位考点，考察对于文章局部意思的精确把握。这就要求考生平时就要养成正确的阅读习惯，针对性地提高读懂结构和理解细节的能力，而不是漫无目的硬着头皮瞎练一气。学习公英教材时，注意总结每篇文章的summary，提高把握文章结构的能力。

综合方面：

完型填空考察对于文章整体的把握和上下文的理解，不考词义辨析，考察根据语言环境

选择合适单词。

短文回答题型考察语言的运用能力，学生第一步要定位，找出问题所在文章中的位置，第二步要正确地转述出来回答问题。

英汉互译考察的是对英文中异于中文的语言现象的理解和表达，对学生综合能力要求较高。这一部分的复习可以与阅读结合在一起提高。平时学习公英教材时，认真做相关练习即可。

改错部分，则可以找一些四级的题目进行针对性的训练，也可以结合自己的写作：自己写完一篇作文以后，再把它作为改错练习的范文。这样的话既提高了写作能力，也提高了自己的改错能力。

作文方面：

写作本身不变，有议论文、说明文等的写作，分为阐述主题型、正反观点型、信函型、叙事型和图表类五种。练习用模板修改自己原来的作文，总结作文句式工具箱和词汇工具箱，注意在练习中运用，将低级表达替换为高级表达，练习写地道的英文句子而不是Chinglish。在平时学习公英教材时，还可以用里面的高级句式改写自己的文章，逐步形成自己的写作风格，为常考的五大类文章每一类准备一套得心应手的模板，做到考试时胸有成竹。

新四级作文的类型和基本要求

四级考试作文的目的旨在考核学生英语书面表达的能力。作文考试时间为30分钟，要求写出不少于120个词的短文。对作文的要求是：切题，文理通顺，表达正确，意思连贯，无重大语言错误。考试的作文内容为社会、文化或日常生活的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。

四级考试是一项大规模的考试，为提高其客观性，以利评分，作文考采用以下几种命题形式：

（一）提纲作文（outline composition）

这类题型是四级作文考试到目前为止最常见的。它给出作文的英文题目以及较为详细的提纲，提纲有时是英文的，但大多数时候是用中文给出的。每段的提纲规定了各段的主旨，要求考生围绕这个中心制定主题句，再顺着主题句展开段落，最后用一句总结句回应主题。

例如下面的考题实例：

2000年6月四级作文真题

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 100 words, and base your competition on the outline given in Chinese below:

1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是．．．

2. 也有人持不同意见，．．．

3. 我的看法和打算。

1999年1月四级作文真题

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Don't Hesitate to Say "No". You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1. 别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们会说“不”；

2. 为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不”；

3. 该说“不”时不说“不”的坏处。

1995年6月

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Advantage of a Job Interview? You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1. 现在找工作一般都要面试，通过面试，面试者（interviewer）和应试者（interviewee）可以互相了解情况。

2. 面试者可以向应试者介绍情况，如工作性质、条件、待遇等。

3. 应试者也有机会给对方留下一个好的印象，如可以表现出自信心，可以介绍教育背景、工作能力等。

（二）图表作文（graph composition）

图表作文是四级作文考试常考题型之一，也是考生觉得较难对付的作文形式。图表作文一般在题目中给出一个或几个统计表格、柱状图或饼状结构图等，通常还给出作文的标题和一些提示，一般要写成论说文，要求考生：

? 用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息并找出某种规律或趋势；

? 就图表中所反映出的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。

例如下面的考题实例：

2002年6月四级作文真题

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below:

1. 上图所示为1990年、1995年、2002年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化

2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；

3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。

（三）情景作文（situational composition）

题目中给定一个情景，要求考生在这个范围内充分发挥想象力，精心构思出一篇符合情景要求、意思连贯的短文。这类作文限定条件比较少，考生自由发挥程度较大。通常是采用书信形式，因此要求考生掌握书信的基本写作格式。

例如下面的考题实例：

2005年1月四级作文真题

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.

A Campaign Speech

1. 你认为自己具备是什么条件(能力，性格，爱好)可以胜任学生会主席工作，

2. 如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？

2003年9月四级作文真题

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or Got Injured). You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1. 简单叙述一下这位同学生病（或受伤）的情况；

2. 同学、老师和我是如何帮助他/她的；

3. 人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是……

2002年1月四级作文真题

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。

英语四级信息匹配(改革后)_

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英语四级改革听力样题及解析全(2020年九月整理).doc

关于全国大学英语四、六级考试听力试题调整的说明 为了适应新的形势下社会对大学生英语听力能力需求的变化，进一步提高听力测试的效度，全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会自2016年6月考试起将对四、六级考试的听力试题 作局部调整。调整的相关内容说明如下。 一、四级听力试题的调整 1.取消短对话 2.取消短文听写 3.新增短篇新闻（3段） 其余测试内容不变。调整后四级听力部分的试题结构见下表： 测试内容测试题型题量分值比例 短篇新闻3段选择题（单选）7题7%（每题1分） 长对话2篇选择题（单选）8题8%（每题1分） 听力篇章3篇选择题（单选）10题20%（每题2分） 二、六级听力试题的调整 1.取消短对话 2.取消短文听写 3.听力篇章调整为2篇（原3篇） 4.新增讲座/讲话（3篇） 其他测试内容不变。调整后六级听力部分的试题结构见下表： 测试内容测试题型题量分值比例 长对话2篇选择题（单选）8题8%（每题1分） 听力篇章2篇选择题（单选）7题7%（每题1分） 讲座/讲话3篇选择题（单选）10题20%（每题2分） 三、样题 大学英语四级考试听力样题 Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions:...... Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.

1. A) Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels. B) An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi. C) The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala. D) Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda’s capital. 2. A) On Christmas Eve. C) During a security check. B) Just before midnight. D) In the small hours of the morning. Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. 3. A) It is likely to close many of its stores. B) It is known for the quality of its goods. C) It remains competitive in the recession. D) It will expand its online retail business. 4. A) Expand its business beyond groceries. B) Fire 25,000 of its current employees. C) Cut its DVD publishing business. D) Sell the business for one pound. Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. 5. A) All taxis began to use meters. B) All taxis got air conditioning. C) Advertisements were allowed on taxis. D) Old taxis were replaced with new cabs. 6. A) A low interest loan scheme. C) Taxi passengers’complaints. B) Environmentalists’ protests. D) Permission for car advertising. 7. A) There are no more irregular practices. B) All new cabs provide air-conditioning. C) New cabs are all equipped with meters. D) New legislation protects consumer rights. Section B Directions: ...... Conversation One Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8. A) It has a partnership with LCP. C) It specializes in safety from leaks. B) It is headquartered in London. D) It has a chemical processing plant.