MOOCs视域下jiaoxuesheji 在大学英语jiaoxue中的实践运用

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摘要：自从MOOCs平台在21世纪之初被发明推广以来，得到了迅速的发展。我国也 Cs课程的背景下，探讨了大学英语教学中教学设计的实践应用。

关键词：MOOCs视域，英语教学，变革

一、前言。

大学英语在高校教学中是一个非常重要的学科，在大学中占的学分比重也是非常高的。高校英语的重要性和其教学的灵活性使得英语教学一直成为教学改革方面的试验田。2007年的英语教学大纲要求就明确提出要在教学过程中使用计算机作为一种辅助手段来进行教学。因为计算机的多媒体等功能可以在英语教学中呈现多模态的教学方式，通过调动学生的多种感官来进行英语语言的学习。通过计算机的利用来对英语语言学习的特性进行有针对性的学习，从而有效的提高学生的学习效率。

近年来，MOOCs课程在国际上的迅速兴起引发了一场教学模式的改革，一些大学将校内课程通过MOOCs课程搬上了网络。中国与时俱进，在教育教学方面也开始对MOOCs课程的引进和筹划，开始建立自己的MOOCs课程。国内的MOOCs课程的兴起即将引发一场教育领域的划时代变革。英语教学作为紧贴国际潮流的一门学科，如何应用MOOCs课程来进行大学英语教学方面教学设计也成了大学英语教学改革中的一项紧迫的任务。OOCs视域下教学设计在大学英语教学中的实践运

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二、国内外的MOOCs课程的发展情况以及特点研究。

MOOCs课程是由北美洲的两位教育学家通过实践创造出来的网络学习平台。2011年，斯坦福大学教授Sebastian Thrum在xMOOCs课程上向16万人次主讲《人工智能导论》以后，发现了这个平台的许多优良性能，然后开始专门研究MOOCs平台的创设。搭建了第一个MOOCs网络平台，对传统大学的教学模式进行了挑战。

目前，MOOC到该网站的栏目之下。学者通过“果壳网”的一站式访问就可以参与国际上各个MOOCs课程平台课程的学习，并可以在网络社区上进行讨论。

目前，我国已有10余所高校建立了MOOCs课程平台或加入了国外的MOOCs平台。还有一些高中学校在做将MOOCs课程从大学延伸的中学的准备。我国具有前瞻性的学者正在研究如何将MOOCs课程于中国大学教育的现状进行一定的融合，以优化我们的教学基础，重构新的教学模式。

MOOCs课程是使用网络手段进行教学的一种平台式教学方法。使用微视频的方式对学习者进行一定的知识教授，并会在教授过程中插入对学习者的提问，学习者可以多次尝试回答一直到回答正确为止。MOOCs课程系统还会对学习者布置的作用进行自动评分，这样就大大减少了教授参与作业评价的工作量。在平台上遇到一些问题时，还可以和其他学习者进行一定的沟通交流，提高对于知识掌握的效率。三、MOOCs课程对于传统大学英语课程的挑战。

传统大学校园英语教学的任务主要是培养普适性人才，为社会的发展和经济的建设作出一定贡献。其教学设置与培养目标应与本地的实际情况相结合。而大学英语课程作为高校教育的一个重要方面，应该紧跟先进的教育形式，调整自己的专业教育模式。通过对先进教学模式的模仿，来提高高校学生的英语能力，从而更好地为社会发展和经济建设服务。MOOCs课s的网络平台主要有欧洲的Openuped、中国清华大学的学堂在线、德国的Iversity和英国的Futurelearn及澳大利亚的Open2Study等。这些平台的建立使MOOCs课程形成了一个庞大的教学网络体统，使得传统的教学模式受到了极大的挑战。在这个平台上教授者和学习者之间可以进行广泛的互动。而且这种网络教学的方式，使得学生可以随时随地进行课程的学习，这种方便的教学形式引起来教学模式的改变。数据调查显示，国际上还是传统的欧美西方国家的学习者的参与度更高一些，而亚非一些国家的学习者相对较少。通过一项对于中国学习者的问卷调查显示，语言沟通问题是影响学习者参与热情的主要因素之一。我国的“果壳网”网站发起建立的MOOCs学院，将国际上

大学英语的教学内容的方向是为了让学生有更好的英语应用能力，在目前英语普及的形势下能够进行基本的写听说的英语活动。这也使学生在以后的学习工作中面对使用英语的情况时可以有基本的应对能力。但是现在这个情况就比较尴尬，学生不仅没有得到英语综合能力的提高，反而自学英语的热情也不是很高。MOOCs为学生提供了学习英语的平台，在MOOCs中有着先进的教学模式，通过卓有成效

的实践提高学生学习英语的兴趣，而不是传统教学模式下的灌输式教学。

2.对教学模式提出的挑战。

在传统的教学模式下，学习的时间和地点都是在一个固定的条件下进行的，以既有方式方略下进行运转。老师是传统的教学模式下是推动课程运转的主体。老师对教学过程的认知程度和教学方式一定程度上决定了学生学习的过程。这种由老师进行知识灌输的形式是传统教学模式的主要手段。其对于学生能力的考察主要是是通过考试来进行的。在传统的大学英语课堂上，学生没有对学习自主选择的权力，而是沦为知识的被动接收者。

而MOOCs平台灵活的学习方式对传统的英语教学模式造成了一定的影响和颠覆。MOOCs课程的学习平台是建立在网络之上的，这样就为学生学习英语提供了多种个性化的选择。学生可以根据自己的需要来选择所学的课程，针对自己的薄弱环节，如大学英语写作、大学英语口语以及英语阅读灯进行课程的自由选择。也可以在不同的时间和地点进行课程的学习。MOOCs的英语学习可以充分调动学生的自主学习的能力，因为他强调教师和学生的互动，而非传统英语课堂上的单项的知识灌输。在学习中能够运用网络丰富学生的知识面和提升学习的效率。这种使学生自主化的学习模式一旦推广开来被大多数同学接受，那毫无疑问会对传统大学英语的教学模式产生一定的冲击力。所以面对新兴事物的挑战，大所有知名的MOOCs课程平台都聚合程的出现为大学英语教学活动带来了一定的机遇，也提出了新的挑战。

1.在教学内容方面提出的挑战。

MOOCs课程在中国得到一定的发展后，取得了世界各地学习者的共同关注，吸引了国内外数以百万的学习者参与进来。但是在中国国内，对于对MOOCs的了解度和参与度还是较低。究其原因，是因为目前MOOCs的教学平台大多是外语学生无法有效沟通的原因。通过研究数据表明，通过MOOCs课程平台进行学习的学习者，在校生占了主要部分，但是对于英语语言的实际应用能力则是他们在MOOCs课程学习中遇到的主要困难之一。这种情况的出现，值得MOOCs平台的中国实践推广者的重视和研究。

学英语教学模式需要主动做出改变。

3.对教师本身提出的一定的挑战。

传统大学的教授者是老师，老师是决定课堂教学质量的一个重要的因素，老师也是学习英语的重要的主导者，拥有对于课堂活动绝对的话语权。老师自身的素质影响着学生学习的效率。老师在教学过程中需要付出大量的心血，来进行课程备课、教案编写、作业批改、课堂教授等。这种情况使学生处于一种被动的学习状态，不利于其主管能动性的发挥。对于固定的学习地点和学习方式，常常有应付差事的状况出现。光靠老师一个人是无法推动大多数学生进行课程的教学的。

而MOOCs的教学形式多样，有教学微视频和论坛讨论等多种形式提供给学习者，使学习者在学习过程中感到学习的乐趣和成就感。通过利用MOOC平台

四、对我国大学英语教学模式的重构。

MOOCs对于高等教育的教学模式影响是巨大的，它是伴随着高兴科技的一种教学新模式，也是信息化技术的一项教育新成就。MOOCs 对我国的高校教学产生了重要的影响。我们不能固步自封，应该循序渐进的稳步实现英语教学模式的MOOCs化。

MOOCs课程对现有的英语教学模式正在渐渐发挥着重要的影响力。也促使着大学英语课程教学模式的重构。

传统教学模式满足不了学生的需要。当前的大学英语教学模式下，无法对学生的个性化学习需求进行满足。各个高校受到不同办学条件的影响，执行英语学习学分制的制度，进行综合课程的学习和视听说课堂的学习。但由于实际情况的限制，有些高校无法完成大学英语基本的教学课程。同时这种教学模式也无法满足当代大学生对英语语言学习的个性化需求。许多学生在传统的学习过程中出现厌倦等情绪，就迫使进行学习模式的改变。MOOCs的学习可以满足这一需求。可以预见，在将来的英语教学模式中，MOOCs对逐步对传统的教学模式进行一定的重构。进行自主学习，学生可以自己主导学习的时间和进度，对学习内容学习方式进行自主选择。网络学习方法的讨论不仅可以使自己进步，还可以和其他一些同学共同进步，交流学习的经验和方法。教师不再强制性的给学生布置作业，而是调动引导学生自身发挥主观能动性，充分发挥自己的潜力，经过网络的渠道来达成自己的学习目标。在未来的英语发展教学中，大学英语老师如果不想被时代抛弃，就应该主动进行角色的转化，积极寻找自己的合理定位，满

足时代的发展和学生的需要。

1.

2.出于对现实的教育资源的分配情况的考虑。我国各地高校教育水平发展不均衡，教育资源的发展也出于参差不齐的状况。我国的各种教学资源阶梯性明显，不同的高校之间的教育资源的差距可能有着天壤之别，学生对大学英语学习的认知程度也不一样。教育师资水平发展的不均衡使一些学生在学习英语的过程中出现了一些困难，而MOOCs的出现可以很好的弥补教育资源部均衡的情况，实现了高校英语学习的教育大众化。也打破了一些名校对于教学资源的垄断。

3.国家战略促使高校教学模式的改变。国家开展了高校教育的一些改革措施，一些地方性院校向着应用技术类的高校类型转变。这种改变将促使一些大学毕业生向着技术方向发展，从而更好的缓解毕业生就业的压力，同时也解决了技术市场上人才供应不足的矛盾。随着国家教育改革的进行，大学英语的教学模式也需要进行一定的重构。由过去的强调人文性的学习转化到“工具性”的教学模式上来。我们在学习过程中，依托MOOCs的优势，可以对大学英语进行合理而必要的重构，响应国家的战略规划，为培养高素质的技术人才做铺垫。

五、结语。

MOOCs课程平台的建立和推广为我国的大学英语教学带来了一定的机遇和挑战。MOOCs是对现有的教育模式的一种依托高科技力量的重构和实践，使得优秀的教育资源得到一定的普及，促进教育的公平化，推进教学模式的创新程度。因此我们应该积极推广MOOCs平台的

使用，为提高我们的大学英语教学质量做出必要的实践。

参考文献：

[1]马武林,李晓江. 国际MOOCs课程对我国大学英语后续课程建设的启示[J]. 现代教育技术. 2013(11)

[2]强敏姮,刘力. MOOCs给高校英语教学模式带来的启示[J]. 中国信息技术教育. 2014(15)

[3],胡加圣. 国际MOOCs对我国大学英语课程的冲击与重构[J]. 外语电化教学. 2014(03)

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