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高考英语阅读理解专项突破

专题1阅读理解专题之----主旨大意题

【设问形式】

1.主旨大意题之标题归纳题常见设问形式：

1）What may/can be the best title for the text?

2）The best title for the text would be______.

3）Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

4）What might be the most suitable title for the text?

....

2.主旨大意题之主题归纳题常见的设问形式：

1）The main idea of the passage is…

2）The passage is mainly about…

3）Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

4）What is the passage mainly about?

......

【考查方式】

高考阅读理解主旨大意题的考查旨在考查学生对一篇文章或一个段落的深层次理解和把握其主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题、标题设题。这类题目一般考查：概括总结文章的主题、文章标题、段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括和总结，要求学生通过快速阅读获取语篇中心思想的能力，辨别筛选信息的能力。

1.主旨大意题之标题归纳题解题思路：

在阅读理解中，通常利用找中心句来确定文章标题。首先通读文章，找到文章的中心句，根据中心句的关键词来确定最佳标题。同时，在选标题的时候还要注意以下几个问题：

1）首先要在对原文的理解基础上仔细考虑所选标题是否符合文章的中心思想，同时关注标题对文章的内容

的覆盖性如何，避免题目范围过大或过小。

2）确定文章标题时要注意容易犯的几个错误：①涵盖内容片面，以偏概全②标题过于笼统，过于概括。3）把文章内容扩大了范围而不能很好地对应文章的中心思想。③标题集中在一些文章的事实或细节而没有对文章的中心思想有一个提升和概括。④选标题时要站在作者和原文的角度理解上，不要自己主观臆断。

2.主旨大意题之主题归纳题解题思路：

归纳总结主题包括对整篇文章和对段落的大意总结。对整篇文章的大意总结一是需要利用文章的主题段来把握文章的中心思想。主题段通常出现在文章开头和结尾。主要信息来把握文章脉络，再进行综合归纳，概括出文章的主题。

对段落大意的总结和概括主要通过寻找主题句的方法来完成。主题句的特点是由于文章的结构不同，主题句出现的位置通常也不同。①主题句在开头：先提出观点，再举例论证或细节解释观点。②主题句在末尾：先表述细节或举例，再归纳结论或结果。③主题句在中间：开头先介绍背景或细节，中间综合或概括出主题，后面再用具体的事实进一步说明或发展前面的主题。④首尾呼应：开头点出主题，中间加以解释，末尾再次强调主题或对前面的事实做出进一步的概括，虽然前后主题中心思想一致，但表述不尽相同。⑤无主题句：注意反复出现的关键词，再进行归纳总结。

实战演练

【例题】

1.主旨大意题之标题归纳题：2017全国卷1C

Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April30as a day to raise awareness of jazz music,its significance,and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.

Despite the celebrations,though,in the U.S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.

It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that.As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz,Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz,make the music more accessible,and preserve its history and culture.

“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan.“What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore.It’s actually color,and it’s actually digital.”

Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in1908or1958.It has to continue to move,because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.

Last year,Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party,“Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran.“For me,it’s the recontextualization.In music,where does the emotion(情感)lie?Are we,as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets

us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,”says Moran,“So I want to continue those dialogue.Those are the things I want to foster.”

31．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Exploring the Future of jazz.

B．The Rise and Fall of jazz.

C．The Story of a jazz Musician.

D．Celebrating the Jazz Day.

解析：文章首段点出：UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April30as a day to raise awareness of jazz music,its significance,and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.联合国教科文组织为了保护爵士乐，设立国际爵士乐日。及结合全文，尤其第三至六段提及Jason Moran对爵士乐的看法及希望，可以得出最佳的标题是A---“探索爵士乐的未来”更符合文章的中心思想。

2.主旨大意题之主题归纳题：2018全国卷1C

Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was sill populated by hunter-gatherers,small tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that10000years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps1200languages between them.

Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries,trade,industrialization,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.

At present,the world has about6800languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around200languages;the Americas about1000;Africa 2400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps3200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over800.The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere6000,which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.

Already well over400of the total of6,800languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busum in Cameroon(eight remaining Speaker),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark)none of these seems to have much chance of survival.

31.What is the main idea of the text?

A.New languages will be created.

B.People’s lifestyles are reflected in fewer languages.

C.Human development results in fewer languages.

D.Geography determines language evolution.

解析：文章的首段点出文章的主题：Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.增加的语言少，消失的语言多，再结合文章按照时间顺序讲述了人类发展的进程和语言的消失。所以我们可以得出C答案。

【举一反三】

At the age of seven,while his friends were spending their allowances on candy and toys,Jose Adolfo Quisocola,from Peru,came up with the creative idea of an eco-bank,which allows kids of all ages to become economically independent and financially wise while also helping the environment.

Established in2012,The Bartselana Student Bank is the world’s first cooperative bank for kids.Whoever wants to join has to bring in at least5kilograms(11pounds)of solid waste(paper or plastic)and establish a savings goal.Once accepted,all bank“partners”are required to deposit at least one additional kilogram(2.2pounds)of recyclables on a monthly basis and obey other requirements,such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops.The waste accumulated is sold to local recycling companies,who,thanks to some clever negotiation by Jose,pay a higher-than-market rate for everything brought in by Bartselana Student Bank members.The funds received are placed in the individual’s account where they collect until his／her savings goal is reached.The account holder can then withdraw his／her money,or choose to leave it and continue to grow for a bigger target.

“At the beginning,my teachers thought I was crazy or that a child could not undertake this type of project,”Jose recalls.“They did not understand that we are not the future of the country but its present.Luckily,I had the support of the school principal and an assistant in my classroom.”

The youngster’s persistence paid off.Today,the eco-bank,which now has the support of several local institutions,has ten educational centers and begins accepting applications from kids all across Peru.On November 20,2018,the young boy was awarded the famous Children’s Climate Prize(CCP).“Jose’s eco-bank is a brilliant way of linking economy and climate impact,both in thought and practice.The potential impact is amazing,”a judge said.

Hopefully,Jose’s success will inspire more kids and adults to come up with new ideas that create value while helping the environment.As the boy says,”Together we can change the world…we just need an opportunity…”

1.What can be a suitable title for the passage?

A.An Amazing Boy，Jose

B.Recycling does Count Much

C.An Opportunity to Change the World

D.An Eco-bank,Economical and Ecological

Solar energy systems/power plants do not produce air pollution,water pollution,or greenhouse https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c814084714.html,ing

solar energy can have a positive,indirect effect on the environment,when solar energy replaces or reduces the use of other energy sources that have larger effects on the environment.

However,some poisonous materials and chemicals are used to make the photovoltaic(光电池的)cells that convert sunlight into electricity.Some solar thermal(保热的)systems use potentially hazardous liquids to transfer heat.Leaks of these materials could be harmful to the environment.U.S.environmental laws regulate the use and settlement of these types of materials.

As with any type of power plant,large solar power plants can affect the environment near their locations.The placement of the power plant may have long-term effects on the habitats of native plants and animals.Some solar power plant-s may require water for cleaning solar collectors and concentrators or for cooling turbine generators. Using large volumes of ground water or surface water in some dry locations may affect the ecosystems that depend on these water resources.In addition,the beam of concentrated sunlight a solar power tower creates can kill birds and insects that fly into the beam.

The amount of solar energy that the earth receives each day is many times greater than the total amount of all energy that people consume each day.However,on the surface of the earth,solar energy is a variable and irregular energy source.The amount of sunlight and the intensity of sunlight varies by time of day and location.Weather and climate conditions affect the availability of sunlight daily and on a seasonal basis.The type and size of a solar energy collection and conversion system determines how much of the available solar energy we can convert into useful energy.

2.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?

A.Different areas receive different amount of solar energy.

B.How to convert solar energy into useful energy.

C.The relationship between solar energy collection and the sunlight.

D.Some factors that influence the amount of solar energy collection.

3.What does the author think of the solar energy systems?

A.They are totally environment-friendly.

B.They have both advantages and disadvantages.

C.They should be forbidden in the future.

D.They should be encouraged in quantities.

解析：

1.标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了秘鲁一位年轻人Jose Adolfo Quisocola创立的生态银行，它让各个年龄段的孩子在经济上独立，经济上明智，同时也帮助环境。因此D项“生态银行，经济又环保”适合作本文最佳标题。故D选项正确。

2.段落大意题。第三段主要是关于影响太阳能的因素，阳光的数量和强度，天气和气候条件，太阳能转换系统等都会影响太阳能的使用。故选D。

3.推测判断题。作者在文中提到了太阳能对环境保护的好处，同时也提出太阳能的一些劣势，比如会破坏生态平衡，不稳定。由此可以看出作者认为太阳能既有好处，也有不好的地方，选B。

专题2阅读理解专题之----文章出处及文体类型题

【设问形式】

判断文章出处及文体类型题常见设问形式：

1）The passage is most likely to be taken from______.

2）Where would this passage most probably appear?

3）The passage is most likely a part of______.

4）Where does this text probably come from?

5）What type of writing is this text?

【考查方式】

高考阅读理解文章出处的考查旨在考查学生对一篇文章的内容的理解及对各种文章出处的特点和常识，对文章的体裁和题材的准确把握能力。几乎所有话题都有可能涉及文章出处、文章类别的的阅读题目。

解答文章出处和文体类型题主要从文章的体裁和题材内容来作出判断。考生需要在理解文章的基础上去了解各种出处的特点，以便结合文章的内容、关键词作出准确的判断。首先注意常见的出处类型的特点：如①新闻报道(newspaper)的首段通常为导语，包括人物、时间、地点或事件等；②科普类杂志(science magazine)或科普类说明文常会出现scientists have found;the research/study shows that...等表明实验结果的句子；杂志的文章更为丰富，话题更具体，语言比较轻松活泼；③广告(advertisement)的用词和格式特殊，很好辨认，广告可能会谈到某产品的特色、价格等，会透露出鼓励读者去了解和购买的信息。④产品说明，器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会有服用时间、次数、用量等。⑤研究报告(report),语言严肃认真，文章往往保护具体的数据或事实依据，实际情况等。⑥课本教材(textbook),会使用教化性的语言，说理讲解味较为浓厚，对阅读对象的指向性很明确。⑦传记(biography):历史性强，时间线索比较明显，往往包含重要事件。⑧科幻小说(science fiction):内容多为对某些尚未出现或发现的科学发明等进行想象和预测。⑨旅行指南(travel guide/guide book):给旅游者提供一些旅游信息，介绍当地的一些好去处，如：餐馆、公园、旅游景点等⑩网站(website)内容广泛，文章常出现click等网络用语。

实战演练

【例题】1.2013全国1B篇

They baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.She is quiet but alert(警觉)。Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another,this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other,her gaze(凝视)starts to lose its focus-until a third,with three black spots,is presented.Her gaze returns；she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three,just24hours after coming into the world?

Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer?The same experiment,but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness?When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb,a key,an orange and so on),changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make,as opposed to three?No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three,or three to two.The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two;likewise(同样地)when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.

63.Where does this text probably come from?

A.Science fiction.

B.Children’s literature.

C.An advertisement.

D.A science report.

解析：文章主要讲通过研究人员的实验，来证明婴儿具备感知数量的能力。根据题材内容判读符合研究报告的特点，所以选D

【举一反三】

There was a lot of news related to artificial intelligence,or AI,and machine learning.Among the stories were two dealing with direct competitions between humans and machines.

In one competition,machines that used AI performed better than human beings in a high-level reading test. Two natural language processing tools beat human in the experiment.One of the tools was built by the American technology company Microsoft.The other was created by Chinese online seller Alibaba Group.

In another competition,a computer took on humans in live,public debates.The event demonstrated how

AI-powered computers are increasingly being developed to think and sound like humans.The organizer of the debates,U.S.technology company IBM,announced split results.It said a majority of those watching said they felt

the machine had done more to improve their knowledge of the subject.But,the human got more praise for communicating their ideas.

This year,we also explored the many ways AI and machine learning are now being used.For example,some U.S.judges use machine learning systems to help them decide when,and for how long,criminals should be jailed. The system uses computers to examine data from thousands of court cases.

One fast-growing area of AI is facial recognition,which is increasingly being used for security purposes. Recently,Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson airport became the first in the U.s.to permit passengers to use facial recognition technology to get on flights.A Chinese company showed off an AI system it developed to recognize individuals by body shape and walking movements.The system is already being used by Chinese police in Beijing and Shanghai.

In addition,machine learning was used during2018to predict results of the World Cup soccer competition. The technology also created artwork that sold for a large amount of money.And it is being used to help farmer save time and money,while reducing environment-harming chemicals.Other technology systems are being used to follow farm animals and wildlife to collect information on their activities.

1.Why were the two competitions mentioned in the passage?

A.To show how much better AI and machine learning are than humans.

B.To prove AI and machine Learning got more praise for communication.

C.To show how powerful AI and machine Learning are.

D.To prove AI and machine learning have been used in the work of U.S.judges.

2.What are facial and body recognition systems used for in the passage?

A.Knowledge learning.

B.Safety control.

C.Office automation.

D.Tracking survey.

3.What can we infer from this passage?

A.AI has been widely used in every person's daily life.

B.Human can be replaced by AI in future completely.

C.More attention is being paid to AI in every part of the world.

D.More advanced Al is helping people in more and more areas.

4.Where is the text probably from?

A.A technology report.

B.A natural science magazine.

C.science fiction.

D.A government document.

A：【解析】这是一篇说明文。人工智能和机器学习快速发展，机器在一些比赛中超过了人类。除此以外，机器和人工智能被应用于很多领域。

1.推理判断题。根据第二第三段可知在第一场比赛中，使用人工智能的机器表现得比人类更好；在第二个比赛中，机器人在公开辩论中挑战人类，结果大多数观看者认为机器在提高他们对这门学科的知识方面做得更好。这两个比赛都体现了人工智能和机器学习的强大，选C。

2.细节理解题。根据“One fast-growing area of AI is facial recognition,which is increasingly being used for security purposes.”可知人工智能的一个快速发展的领域是面部识别，它越来越多地被用于安全目的。故选B。

3.推理判断题。根据“some U.S.judges use machine learning systems to help them decide when,”可知一些美国法官使用机器学习系统来帮助他们决定罪犯应该被监禁的时间和期限，再根据最后两段可知机器学习和人工智能还被应用于安全监控和预测世界杯足球赛的结果，保护环境等。根据这些可以推断机器在越来越多的领域帮助着人类，故选D。

4.推理判断题。本文文章主要是关于人工智能和机器学习的，最有可能是来自于科技报告（A technology report.），故选A。

Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance.These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.

Of the common berries,strawberries are highest in vitamin C,although,because of their seeds,raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质),iron and zinc(not that fruits have much protein).Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants(抗氧化物质).The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids

2020-2021高考英语阅读理解综合题汇编及答案解析

一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Gemini Man Gemini Man is a big-budget Hollywood sci-fi-action movie based on an original concept, rather than on a superhero comic or an old TV series, even though this particular original concept is more 20 years old. In it a government assassin (杀手)is being hunted down by his own clone The original script was sold by Darren Lemke to a studio in 1997, and since then almost every male A-listener has been attached as a potential star. Now, at long last, Ang Lee has directed Gemini Man, and Will Smith plays both the veteran assassin and his much younger doppelganger (分身). Jojo Rabbit During World War Two, a 10-year-old German boy (Roman Griffin David) is desperate to be a dutiful Nazi, only to discover that his mother (Scarlett Johansson) is hiding, a Jewish girl (Thomasin McKenzie) in their house. It may not sound like the stuff of a big-hearted comedy but Taika Waititi can make anything warm and funny. As well as writing and directing Jojo Rabbit, Waititi co-stars as the boy's imaginary friend,a nitwitted Adolf Hitler. Doctor Sleep Mike Flanag's new film is adapted from Stephen King, novel, Doctor Sleep, which was a sequel (续集) to The Shining. You can expect to see blood flowing out of lifts in a rapid stream, ghostly twin girls and headache-including carpet patterns. Ewan McGregor stars as Danny Torrance, the boy with psychic powers m 1980 film. Now, he is a middle-aged hospital counsellor. Maleficent: Mistress of Evil Here's another chance to see Angelina Jolie. In 2014 she starred in Maleficent, Disney's live-action remake of the Sleeping Beauty cartoon from 1959. The twist was that the eponymous wicked fairy wasn't so wicked, after all, and that the real villain was the father of Princess Aurora (Elle Fanning). The sequel's subtitle promises that Maleficent will actually be evil this time around, her change of heart prompted by Aurora's engagement to handsome prince (Harris Dickinson).（1）What can we learn from this passage? A. Ewan McGregor plays a role in Doctor Sleep. B. Taika Waititi is the main character in Jojo Rabbit. C. Gemini Man is adapted from a 20-yem--old TV series. D. The real wicked character in Maleficent: Mistress of Evil is Aurora. （2）If your friend wants to see a horror movie, which one will you recommend? A. Gemini Man B. Jojo Babbit C. Doctor Sleep D. Maleficent: Mistress of Evil 【答案】（1）A （2）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四部电影。（1）考查细节理解。根据Doctor Sleep部分中的“Ewan McGregor stars as Danny Torrance, the boy w ith psychic powers in 1980 film.”可知Ewan McGregor在电影Doctor Sleep扮演Danny Torrance的角色。故选A。

历年高考英语真题汇编_时态语态2.

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