外文翻译 文档

A reliable and clean starting device for diesel engine

——Energy storage motor

ZHU Da-an

(Starting Power Unit Co．1ad，Chongqing 400030，China) Abstract：Introduced a new reliable mechanical starting device that is used for diesel engine starting． The energy storage motor is operated an d maintenance easily with very low cost and it works without any support of other

power sources and auxiliaries except suitable man power．Key words ：hand winding starting motor；diesel engine starting；disc spring；energy storage

A.overview

Hand starter is a new type, reliable energy efficient and environmentally friendly diesel engine starting device. It USES pure mechanical structure, except human outside, it does not need to finish the work by other sources to process. It and electricity motor, gas motors, such as hydraulic pressure motor start-up mode, the difference is that it does not need to configure a variety of other auxiliary equipments, such as batteries, connecting cables, or storage tank, hydraulic accumulator, valve and pipe and so on, maintenance is very simple. This hand starter compact structure, operating safety, saving energy, no

environmental pollution, the use of cheap, and wide applicability. General industrial purposes, as backup machine or the ability to replace other appropriate the starting system can be used in generating set, mining machinery, Marine machinery, construction machinery, agricultural and irrigation machinery and other host above. As backup machine

brain-scanningexperiments with electric motor starter can also engine (installed together can pack double motors to the flywheel shell). In addition, there are some special environment to avoid sparks, also need to be safe and reliable start-up mode, such as brain-scanningexperiments coal, sea oil drilling, certain chemicals factory, army, etc.

Second, hand the structure and working principle of starter Hand starter for storage and release energy for medium, in spring coil springs can use volute in small starter, been limited, application in medium above the engine rarely used, are introduced in this paper with relatively reliable wing for the spring energy-storage medium, it can adapt to a starter medium, heavy, and even started tractors.powerful diesel engines needs.

Hand saucer reed energy storage by the four most starter assembly (institutions) composition, namely shaft institutions,

energy storage institutions, release mechanism and clutch institutions.

Shaft agencies are human input institutions, the major parts have disc shaft and transmission gears pay. It is human power conversion for spring potential only road. Its role is to determine human shaft one of the shaft space and need, operation is convenient and comfortable Angle; Secondly it change to the input torque swing, rotating axis of spindle of spring energy storage with wing the axis; The third role is to limit the reversal of the disc shaft; The first four role of spindle radial is the supporting and axial thrust.

Energy storage mechanism is the main institutions, mainly starter parts disc springs and spindle, they and the parts together with cooperation, to realize the following functions, it is will the foregoing human input torque convert axial force, this force compression disc springs group, will the energy stored up; 2 be spring potential converts through the spindle output torque, form the dynamic. Drive diesel engine rotating

Disc springs is the starter of energy storage components, it is made of high-quality blank sheet metal or forging of conic sections made the gasket type cutoff springs. Its features are: 1)

stiffness big, buffer shock absorption, and a strong ability to bear large with small deformation, reserves bigger energy load, suitable for axial dimensional demand is small occasions: 2) with variable stiffness properties, can by choosing the proper disc springs hO and deformation of pressure at ordinary times than, get the thickness t different characteristic curve; 3) use the same disc springs using different combination, can make spring characteristics in large scope changes. Can use DuiGe, composite combination, also can use composite different thickness and different slices of the number of combinations. The yogurt starter is different the diameter and thickness of multiple disc springs DuiGe add proper number of composite forming spring-set, adapt to different series of starter need. Figure 4 is a more pieces of DuiGe have to spring. 4) disc springs mature technology, reliable operation.

Release mechanism is the starter, main parts of control mechanisms are lifting lever assembly and release lever chain. The operator and release the rod through ascension stem operation. Accomplish two Operating lifting lever purpose is to let the release mechanism is in the ready state of energy, in this state, the spindle rotation will be limited, so that realize spring energy storage. The purpose is to release lever operation when

energy storage process finished, diesel engine, remove the need to start rotating restriction, and spindle release can be finished disc springs, spindle output torque, driving the flywheel driven gear rotating engine starting process.

Clutch institutions is to make starter and engine and combining the movement off the institutions, mainly open parts are flywheel driven gear, with the help of spiral groove starter of spindle, produce axial movement, when need when starting diesel engine, the spindle rotation push it to the flywheel direction, realization and fly cog laps of meshing; Conversely, when starter, diesel engine beginning active work done, diesel engine flywheel spinning of gear drive flywheel drive, and make its rotation axis reverse move, take off along the open meshing gears.

Hand of starter easy operation. When diesel engine starting, first needs to ensure supply of diesel engine fuel system, pull the ascension of normal starter rod, to make release mechanism in energy storage preparing state, with dish to follow directions hands-on handle starter dish shaft rotation, achieve the required number of laps energy-storage appearance, then instructed to push in the direction of the pole, can complete release of diesel engine starting.

Three, hand of starter application parameters

Hand in land use starter has generator, Marine auxiliary engine etc above, a large amount of widely used before production test and application practice make this product reliability design concept and environmental protection and energy saving design obtained user recognition, and will be used in more widely in the field, become the important guarantee safe operation of diesel engine choice.

外文翻译-数据库管理系统—剖析

Database Management System Source：Database and Network Journal Author：David Anderson You know that a data is a collection of logically related data elements that may be structured in various ways to meet the multiple processing and retrieval needs of orga nizations and individuals. There’s nothing new about data base-early ones were chiseled in stone, penned on scrolls, and written on index cards. But now database are commonly recorded on magnetically media, and computer programs are required to perform the necessary storage and retrieval operations. The system software package that handles the difficult tasks associated with created, accessing, and maintaining database records is in a DBMS package establish an interface between the database itself and the users of the database. (These users may be applications programmers, managers and others with information needs, and various OS programmers.) A DBMS can organize, process, and present selected data elements from the database. This capability enables decision makers to search. Probe, and query data contents in order to extract answers to nonrecurring and unplanned questions that aren’t available in regular reports. These questions might initially be vague and/or poorly defined, but people can “browse” through the database until they have the needed information. In short, the DBMS will “manage” the stored data items and assemble the needed items from the common database in response to the queries of those who aren’t programmers. In a file-oriented system, users needing special information may communicate their needs to a programmers, who, when time permits, will information. The availability of a DBMS, however, offers users a much faster alternative communications patch (see figure). Special, direct, and other file processing approaches ate used to organize and structure data in single files. But a DBMS is able to integrate data elements from several files to answer specific user inquiries fir information. This means that the DBMS is able to structure and tie together the logically related data from several large files. Logical structures. Identifying these logical relationships is a job of the data administrator. A data definition language is used for this purpose. The DBMS may

电子信息工程外文翻译外文文献英文文献微处理器

外文资料 所译外文资料： 1. 作者G..Bouwhuis, J.Braat, A.Huijser 2. 书名:Principles of Optical Disk Systems 3. 出版时间：1991年9月 4. 所译章节：Session 2/Chapter9, Session 2/Chapter 11 原文： Microprocessor One of the key inventions in the history of electronics, and in fact one of the most important inventions ever period, was the transistor. As time progressed after the inven ti on of LSI in tegrated circuits, the tech no logy improved and chips became smaller, faster and cheaper. The functions performed by a processor were impleme nted using several differe nt logic chips. In tel was the first compa ny to in corporate all of these logic comp onents into a si ngle chip, this was the first microprocessor. A microprocessor is a complete computati on engine that is fabricated on a sin gle chip. A microprocessor executes a collecti on of machi ne in struct ions that tell the processor what to do. Based on the in struct ions, a microprocessor does three basic things: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c19755674.html,ing the ALU (Arithmetic/Logic Unit), a microprocessor can perform mathematical operatio ns like additi on, subtract ion, multiplicatio n and divisi on; 2.A microprocessor can move data from one memory location to another; 3.A microprocessor can make decisi ons and jump to a new set of in struct ions based on those decisi ons. There may be very sophisticated things that a microprocessor does, but those are its three basic activities. Microprocessor has an address bus that sends an address to memory, a data bus that can send data to memory or receive data from memory, an RD(read) and WR(write) line that lets a clock pulse sequenee the processor and a reset li ne that resets the program coun ter to zero(or whatever) and restarts executi on. And let ' s assume that both the address and data buses are 8 bits wide here. Here are the comp onents of this simple microprocessor: 1. Registers A, B and C are simply latches made out of flip-flops. 2. The address latch is just like registers A, B and C. 3. The program coun ter is a latch with the extra ability to in creme nt by 1 whe n told to do so, and also to reset to zero whe n told to do so. 4. The ALU could be as simple as an 8-bit adder, or it might be able to add, subtract, multiply and divide 8- bit values. Let ' s assume the latter here. 5. The test register is a special latch that can hold values from comparisons performed in the ALU. An ALU can normally compare two numbers send determine if they are equal, if one is greater

世界贸易和国际贸易【外文翻译】

外文翻译 原文 World Trade and International Trade Material Source:https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c19755674.html, Author: Ted Alax In today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation of world trade and economic activity. As a result of this trade and activity, international finance and banking have evolved. For example, the United States is a major consumer of coffee, yet it does not have the climate to grow any or its own. Consequently, the United States must import coffee from countries (such as Brazil, Colombia and Guatemala) that grow coffee efficiently. On the other hand, the United States has large industrial plants capable of producing a variety of goods, such as chemicals and airplanes, which can be sold to nations that need them. If nations traded item for item, such as one automobile for 10,000 bags of coffee, foreign trade would be extremely cumbersome and restrictive. So instead of batter, which is trade of goods without an exchange of money, the United State receives money in payment for what it sells. It pays for Brazilian coffee with dollars, which Brazil can then use to buy wool from Australia, which in turn can buy textiles Great Britain, which can then buy tobacco from the United State. Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. The first, as mentioned above is that no nation has all of the commodities that it needs. Raw materials are scattered around the world. Large deposits of copper are mined in Peru and Zaire, diamonds are mined in South Africa and petroleum is recovered in the Middle East. Countries that do not have these resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them. Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. Although the United States is a major producer of sugar, it consumes more than it can produce internally and thus must import sugar.

网络营销外文翻译

E---MARKETING (From:E--Marketing by Judy Strauss,Adel El--Ansary,Raymond Frost---3rd ed.1999 by Pearson Education pp .G4-G25.) As the growth of https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c19755674.html, shows, some marketing principles never change.Markets always welcome an innovative new product, even in a crowded field of competitors ,as long as it provides customer value.Also,Google`s success shows that customers trust good brands and that well-crafted marketing mix strategies can be effective in helping newcomers enter crowded markets. Nevertheless, organizations are scrambling to determine how they can use information technology profitably and to understand what technology means for their business strategies. Marketers want to know which of their time-ested concepts will be enhanced by the Internet, databases,wireless mobile devices, and other technologies. The rapid growth of the Internet and subsequent bursting of the dot-com bubble has marketers wondering,"What next?" This article attempts to answer these questions through careful and systematic examination of successful e-mar-keting strategies in light of proven traditional marketing practices. （Sales Promotion;E--Marketing；Internet；Strategic Planning ） 1.What is E--Marketing E--Marketing is the application of a broad range of information technologies for: Transforming marketing strategies to create more customer value through more effective segmentation ,and positioning strategies；More efficiently planning and executing the conception, distribution promotion,and pricing of goods,services,and ideas;andCreating exchanges that satisfy individual consumer and organizational customers` objectives. This definition sounds a lot like the definition of traditional marketing. Another way to view it is that e-marketing is the result of information technology applied to traditional marketing. E-marketing affects traditional marketing in two ways. First,it increases efficiency in traditional marketing strategies.The transformation results in new business models that add customer value and/or increase company profitability.

企业数据建模外文翻译文献

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电子信息工程专业课程翻译中英文对照表

电子信息工程专业课程名称中英文翻译对照 （2009级培养计划）

实践环节翻译 高等数学Advanced Mathematics

大学物理College Physics 线性代数Linear Algebra 复变函数与积分变换Functions of Complex Variable and Integral Transforms 概率论与随机过程Probability and Random Process 物理实验Experiments of College Physics 数理方程Equations of Mathematical Physics 电子信息工程概论Introduction to Electronic and Information Engineering 计算机应用基础Fundamentals of Computer Application 电路原理Principles of Circuit 模拟电子技术基础Fundamentals of Analog Electronics 数字电子技术基础Fundamentals of Digital Electronics C语言程序设计The C Programming Language 信息论基础Fundamentals of Information Theory 信号与线性系统Signals and Linear Systems 微机原理与接口技术Microcomputer Principles and Interface Technology 马克思主义基本原理Fundamentals of Marxism 思想、理论和“三个代表” 重要思想概论 Thoughts of Mao and Deng 中国近现代史纲要Modern Chinese History 思想道德修养与法律基 础 Moral Education & Law Basis 形势与政策Situation and Policy 英语College English 体育Physical Education 当代世界经济与政治Modern Global Economy and Politics 卫生健康教育Health Education 心理健康知识讲座Psychological Health Knowledge Lecture 公共艺术课程Public Arts 文献检索Literature Retrieval 军事理论Military Theory 普通话语音常识及训练Mandarin Knowledge and Training 大学生职业生涯策划 （就业指导） Career Planning (Guidance of Employment ) 专题学术讲座Optional Course Lecture 科技文献写作Sci-tech Document Writing 高频电子线路High-Frequency Electronic Circuits 通信原理Communications Theory 数字信号处理Digital Signal Processing 计算机网络Computer Networks 电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology 现代通信技术Modern Communications Technology

国际贸易英文文献

Strategic transformations in Danish and Swedish big business in an era of globalisation, 1973-2008 The Danish and Swedish context In the difficult inter-war period, a state-supported, protected home market orientation had helped stabilise both Denmark’s and Sweden’s economies, but after WorldWar II priorities changed. Gradually and in accordance with the international economic development, restrictions on foreign trade were removed, and Danish and Swedish industry was exposed to international competition. As a consequence, several home market oriented industries –such as the textile and the shoe industry –were more or less outperformed, while in Sweden the engineering industry soon became the dominant leader of Swedish industry, with companies such as V olvo, Ericsson, Electrolux, ASEA and SKF. In the Danish case, the SMEs continued to be dominant but in combination with expanding export oriented industrial manufacturers such as Lego, Danfoss, Carlsberg and the shipping conglomerates ok and A.P. moller-Marsk. In Sweden and Denmark stable economic growth continued into the 1970s, but due to the problems during the oil crises, the economies came into fundamental structural troubles for the first time since World War II. In the beginning this was counteracted by traditional Keynesian policy measures. However, because of large budget deficits, inflation and increasing wages, both the Danish economy from 1974 and the Swedish economy from 1976 encountered severe problems. Towards the late 1970s Denmark’s and Sweden’s economic policies were thus increasingly questioned. It was clear that Keynesian policy could not solve all economic problems. Expansive fiscal policies in terms of continued deficits on the state budget could not compensate for the loss of both national and international markets and step by step the Keynesian economic policy was abandoned. The increased budget deficit also made it difficult for the state to support employment and regional development. These kinds of heavy governmental activities were also hardly acceptable under the more market oriented policy that developed first in Great Britain and the USA, but in the 1980s also in Denmark and Sweden (Iversen & Andersen, 2008, pp. 313–315; Sjo¨ gren, 2008, pp. 46–54). These changes in political priorities were especially noticeable in the financial market. After being the most state regulated and coordinated sector of the economy since the 1950s, then between 1980 and 1985 the Danish and Swedish financial markets underwent an extensive deregulation resulting in increased competition. Lending from banks and other credit institutes was no longer regulated, and neither were interest rates. The bond market was also opened as the issuance of new bond loans was deregulated in Sweden in 1983. When the control of foreign capital flows was liberalised in the late 1980s the last extraordinary restriction was now gone. Together with the establishment of the new money market with options and derivates, this opened up to a much larger credit market and the possibility for companies to finance investments and increase business domestically as well as abroad (Larsson, 1998, pp. 205–207). Another important part of the regulatory changes in the early 1980s were new rules for the Copenhagen and Stockholm stock exchanges. Introduction on the stock exchange was made much

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