信息管理专业英语实用教程——课后英译汉答案(1~10单元)

信息管理专业英语实用教程——清华大学出版社

1~10单元的课后英译汉答案

Unit 1

1. Management is the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources.

管理是组织目标通过计划、组织、领导、控制组织资源实现的有效方式。

2. Planning defines where the organization wants to be in the future and how to get there.

计划决定了组织将来的发展方向和实现方式。

3. Organization failure can occur when managers are not serious about control or lack control information.

组织的失败往往在管理人员不认真对待控制或缺乏控制的信息时发生。

4. The ultimate responsibility of managers is to achieve high performance, which is the attainment of organizational goals by using resources in an efficient and effective manner.

管理人员的最终责任是获得高业绩，这是组织目标实现的一种有效的利用资源和有效的方式。

5. There are no “peopleless”organizations, so managers must learn how to motivate, lead and communicate; they must also understand interpersonal relations and the behavior of groups of people.

没有任何“peopleless”组织,所以经理们必须学会如何激励、领导和交流,他们也必须理解人际关系和各种人群的行为。

6. Managers are excellent communicators and value shapers, lightning rods to get the job done.

经理们都是很出色的传播者和价值塑造者，避雷针能够完成工作。

7. It is now apparent that overly centralized, excessively layered, and rigid organizational structures are not always effective or efficient.

过于集中、过度分层、刚性的组织结构现在很明显并不总是有效或高效的。

8. A manager frequently reminds his or her management team of the company’s goals and how well those goals are being achieved.

一个管理者会经常提醒他或她的管理团队,公司的目标,以及如何做好已达成这些目标。

9. Strategic planning is the process of developing and analyzing the organization’s mission, overall goals, general strategies, and allocating resources.

战略规划是发展和分析组织的使命、总体目标、总体战略、和分配资源的过程。

10. The purpose of the organizing function is to make the best use of the organization’s resources to achieve organizational goals.

组织功能的目的是最充分地利用组织的资源以实现组织目标。

Unit 2

1.As used in a broader sense, statistics refers to the statistical tools used to collect, present,

analyze, and interpret data for the purpose of making more effective decisions.

广泛的意义上说,统计是指用来收集统计工具,呈现、分析和理解数据的，目的都是为了做更多有效的决策。

2.Statistical thinking is necessary not only for efficient citizenship, but also for effective

decision making in various facets of business.

统计思想是很必要的,不仅是因为有效的公民身份,也是为在商业诸多方面做的有效决策3.W.Edwards Deming, noted statistician and quality control expert, insisted that we should start

statistics education before high school.

W.爱德华兹·戴明提到统计学家和质量控制专家,他坚持我们应该在读高中之前接受统计教育

4.Just as attorneys have “rules of evidence”and accountants have “commonly accepted

practices”, persons dealing with numerical data follow some standard guidelines.

就像律师有“证据规则”会计有“被公认的惯例”人们处理数值数据也会遵循一些标准的指导方针

5.Masses of unorganized numerical data, such as the census of population, are of little value as

is, however, statistical techniques are available to organize this type of data into a meaningful form.

大量的没有被组织的数值数据，就像全体居民的人口普查一样，几乎是没有意义的，然而统计技术对于组织这种类型的数据使其转换成有意义的形式是可行的。

6.To infer something about a population, we usually take a sample from the population.

为了从人口数中得出某些结论，我们通常会从人口数中取出一个样本

7.Much of the appeal of statistical method is that they allow us to describe, predict, and

sometimes control the world around us.

大多数呼吁的统计方法是他们允许我们来描述、预测,有时控制我们周围的世界。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c88209113.html,rmation developed through the use of statistics has enhanced our studying of how life

works, helped us learn about each other, allow control over some societal issues, and helped individuals make informed decisions.

通过利用统计方法的方式开发信息，可以增强我们对于生命是如何运作的学习,帮助我们更多地了解对方,允许控制一些社会问题,并有助于人们做出明智的决定。

9. A representative sample can be used to make inferences about a larger population, but

descriptive statistics are the only useful results for an unrepresentative sample.

一个具有代表性的样本可以用来推测更大范围的人群，但是对于一个不具有代表性的样本来说，描述性统计是唯一有用的成果

10.When the individuals measured constitute the whole population, there is no need for statistical

inference because the truth is known.

当个人测量构成完整的人口,就不需要统计推论,因为真相是已知的

Unit 3

1.All information, from train schedules to discount-price goods, will be as close as the press of a

key

所有信息,从火车时刻表到折扣价商品,将会越来越接近新闻媒体的一个关键.

2.The children have a happy environment at school.

孩子们在学校有一个快乐的环境

3.The manufacturer invoiced our company for two typewriters.

这个厂家给我们公司开了两台打字机的发票

4.My accounts balance for the first time this year!

这是我今年第一次收支平衡

5.The Eiffel Tower is one of the most famous structures in the world.

艾菲尔铁塔是世界上最著名的建筑物之一

6.Please program the computer to do the job instead of manual operation.

请给电脑编制一个程序,以此代替手工操作

7.The binary system of numbers is used in digital computers.

二进制数字系统常常在数字计算机中被使用

8.The motherboard is main board of a computer, usually containing the circuitry for the central

processing unit, keyboard, and monitor and often having slots for accepting additional circuitry.

主板是计算机的主要部分,通常包括含有电路的中央处理单元、键盘、监控和为了接受额外的电路所安置的插槽

9.Programmers use the term “data structures” to describe various ways to organize data within a

program.

程序员使用术语“数据结构”来描述在一个程序里通过各种方法来组织数据

10. At what rate does the dollar convert into pounds?

美元以什么汇率兑换成英镑?

Unit 4

1.The research project has only been under way for three months, so it’s too early to evaluate its

success.

这个研究项目进行了不到三个月,所以对它的成绩作出评价为时尚早。

2.The firm decided to computerize its wages department.

公司决定使用电脑来处理发薪部门的工作

3.The boss gave me so many instructions at one time that I got muddled up.

老板一下子给了我那么多指示,把我弄得糊里糊涂

4.He isn’t particularly clever but industrious.

他并不特别聪明,但很勤奋。

5.New settlers came in increasing numbers.

新的移民越来越多

6.The local library is a valuable resource.

当地的图书馆是个宝贵的资源

7.The committee discussed strategic marketing factors.

委员会讨论了战略营销的因素

8.These difficulties are caused by natural disasters.

这些困难都是由自然灾害造成的

9.There are three options open to us in that matter.

关于那件事情我们有三种选择

10.This information will be less confusing if it’s produced in tabular form.

如果是产生于表格形式，信息将很少会被混淆

Unit 5

1.The lowest level manager can access only the data that he needs at his level.

经理能存取的最低水平,只有在他的水平上所需要的数据。

2.Decision Support is a new University function designed to support access, integration and

delivery of administrative data.

决策支持系统的设计是一种新的大学功能设计用以支持访问、集成和实施的行政数据3.Decision Support is also responsible for transition of data from University mainframes to

servers over the next 5 years and for the existing Information Warehouse.

决策支持也负责在未来的5年里从大学向服务器主机进行数据的转换和现有信息仓库的数据转换。

4.The primary job of the use is in the definition and discovery of information used in decision

making.

主要工作的用途是将定义并发现的信息用于决策。

5.If client profile information is available, services can be more easily tailored to the client.

如果客户端剖面的信息是可得到的,服务可以更容易定制到客户端

6.Modern Marketing techniques can be used to attract and retain clients.

现代营销技术可以用于吸引和留住客户

7.Risk assessment of the projects can be determined before the project is begun.

项目风险评估能够在项目开始前被确定。

8.Sharing the same concepts of a DSS, an ESS focuses more in the end-user requirement of

maximum interactivity and user-friendlyness.

共享一个DSS的相同概念，一个ESS更多的关注于最终用户的最大互动性需求和用户友好性

9.The GDSS stared originally from the Management Information System at University of

Arizona.

GDSS最初起源于亚利桑那大学的管理信息系统。

10.Artificial intelligence is the study of how to make computers do things which, at the moment,

people do better.

人工智能是研究如何让电脑做一些事情,在那个时刻,人们做得更好

Unit 6

1.ERP attempts to integrate all departments and functions across a company onto a single

computer system that can serve all those different departments’ particular needs.

ERP试图整合各部门和功能在一个公司,在一台计算机的系统,这个系统可以为所有这些不同部门的特别需求

2.People don’t like to change how they do their jobs. That is why the value of ERP is so hard to

pin down.

人们不喜欢改变他们如何完成他们的工作。这就是为什么ERP是如此的价值硬扣下来3.To get the most from the ERP software, you have to get people inside your company to adopt

the work methods outlined in the software.

最大限度地从中获取收益的ERP软件,你必须让人们在你们公司的情况下,采用工作某市软件

4.Even if a company installs ERP software for the so-called right reasons and everyone can

agree on the optimal definition of a customer, the inherent difficulties of implementing something as complex as ERP is like teaching an elephant to do the hootchy-kootchy.

即使一家公司ERP软件安装的所谓正确的原因,每个人都能同意的最佳的定义的客户,固有困难的事情,就像复杂,因为实施ERP是像教大象来跳肚皮舞

5.ERP helps the manufacturing process flow more smoothly, and it improves visibility of the

order fulfillment process inside the company.

ERP帮助制造流程更平稳,提高了知名度的订单,公司内部的实施过程。

6.Don’t expect to revolutionize your business with ERP. It is a navel-gazing exercise that

focuses on optimizing the way things are done internally rather than on customers, suppliers or partners.

不要期望彻底改变你的业务与ERP。这是一个纸上谈兵的锻炼方式,著重在优化所内部而不是对客户、供应商或合作伙伴

7.Needless to say, the move to ERP is a project of breathtaking scope, and the price tags on the

front end are enough to make the most placid CFO a little twitchy.

不用说,搬到ERP是一个项目的惊人的范围,而且价格标签的前端,足以使最平静的CFO有点谨慎

8.We have treated ERPs as projects, with the assumption that someday the projects would end.

But an enterprise system is not a project. It’s a way of life.

我们我们把ERPS看成是一个项目,并扬言说,总有一天会结束的项目。但是一个企业制度不是一个项目。它是一种生活方式

9.Even if an organization could declare final victory on implementation of ERPs, many

additional years could be spent in getting real business value from them.

即使一个组织可以宣布最后的胜利的实现策略,许多额外的年电位差,就可以用来获得真正的商业价值

10.Just as courtships and honeymoons are different from marriages, living with ERP systems will

be different from installing them.

正如求爱和蜜月不同于婚姻的生活,ERP系统将是不同于安装他们

Unit 7

1. Structural design gives a system the long-term stable structure that can reduce discovery costs, localize maintenance work, and provide a foundation for reuse.

结构设计提供了一种系统的长期稳定的结构,可以减少成本,定位发现维修工作,并提供了基础,再使用

2. I believe there are some simple ways to integrate the functional and structural view.

我相信有这里有一些简单的方法来整合的功能和结构的观点

3. Most popular programming languages use classes as their basic building block.

最流行的编程语言使用类为基本积木

4. Classes are the foundation of object-based and object-oriented programming in C++.

统整课程的物质基础,是面向对象编程中,C + +

5. I think this tendency to hierarchy comes from our need to organize—and that’s fine—but I think it goes too far in most popular programming languages work.

我觉得这个倾向是来自我们的需要层次的fine-but organize-and,我认为它走得太远在最流行的编程语言的工作

6. We start to reduce complexity by grouping objects together into classes, which is in accordance with how most popular programming languages work.

我们开始减少复杂性组织宾语联合成类别,是依照最流行的编程语言如何工作

7. These programming languages are popular because they are efficient.

这些编程语言很受欢迎,因为他们是有效的

8. Because roles are closer to objects, they are closer to the structure of Use Cases than classes are. 因为角色越来越接近物品,他们更接近结构比类的用例

9. Hierarchy has become an important abstraction tool in many design paradigms.

抽象层次已成为一个重要的工具,在许多的设计范例

11.Object-oriented program has become the dominant programming style in the software

industry over the last 10 years or so.

面向对象程序已成为主导的编程风格在软件产业在过去的10年左右

Unit 8

1.The general principle in Data Flow Diagramming is that a system can be decomposed into

subsystems, and subsystems can be decomposed into lower level subsystems, and so on.

在数据流的一般原则是一种画图可以分解成子系统的系统,子系统可以分解成低等级的子

系统,等等

2.Data enters the system from the environment; data flows between processes within the system;

and data is produced as output from the system.

数据进入系统,从环境、数据流之间的内部过程系统;以及数据所做的输出从系统

3.SSADM has been used by the government in computing since its launch in 1981.

SSADM一直被用作政府在计算自发布以来于1981年

4.SSADM revolves around the use of three key techniques, namely Logical Data Modeling,

Data Flow Modeling and Entity/Event Modeling.

围绕着SSADM使用3个关键技术,即逻辑数据建模、数据流程建模和实体/事件建模5.The RAD approach has been used successfully in many organizations and is currently gaining

more formal support with the advent of DSDM (Dynamic Systems Development Method, DSDM Consortium, 1995), a framework for RAD.

方法的RAD已经成功地应用在许多组织,目前正获得更正式的支持的到来,DSDM(动态系统开发方法,联合体,1995),DSDM框架红的

6.The model is the basis of the methodology’s view of the world, e.g. the Waterfall and Spiral

models of Information Systems Engineering.

该模型为基础的方法论的角度来看这个世界,它的例句。瀑布和螺旋模型的信息系统工程

7.The scope of a methodology defines its start and end points within the ISE lifecycle.

一种方法论,它的范围定义其起始点和终止点在伊的生命周期

8.The SDLC is based upon two principles: dividing projects into phases, and using written

documentation and approvals to maintain control.

在同步数据链路控制规程(SDLC取决于两个原则:划分成不同阶段,并利用项目的书面文件和审批维持控制

9.Rapid response methodologies are clearly borne out of the need for a methodology that is

flexible and usr-involved with a short implementation schedule, yet retains critical controls that do not slow down the process.

快速反应的方法都有明确的证明了需要的一种方法是灵活的,usr-involved与短实施进度,但又保留关键的控制系统,就不要迟慢的过程

10.The SDLC includes ten phases during which defined IT work products are created or

modified.

在同步数据链路控制规程(SDLC阶段,在此期间,包括十定义其工作产品是创建或修改。Unit 9

1. A basic understanding of computer networks is requisite in order to understand the principles

of network security.

计算机网络的基本理解是必需品,以了解原则的网络安全

2.The International Standards Organization (ISO) Open System Interconnect (OSI) Reference

Model defines seven layers of communications types, and the interfaces among them.

国际标准化组织(ISO)开放系统互连(OSI)参考模型定义了7层的通信接口类型,和在他们中间

3.In order for you and I to talk when we’re out of earshot, we need a device like a telephone.

为了让你和我说话时,我们走到,我们需要一个设备就像打了一个电话。

4.The key to building a secure network is to define what security means to your organization.

建设的关键所在是为了定义一个安全的网络安全意味着什么对你的组织

5. A simple network can be constructed using the same protocols and such that the Internet uses

without actually connecting it to anything else.

建设的关键所在是为了定义一个安全的网络安全意味着什么对你的组织

6.The Internet is made up of a wide variety of hosts, from supercomputers to personal

computers, including every imaginable type of hardware and software.

互联网是由各种各样的主机,从超级计算机到个人计算机,包括各种类型的硬件和软件7.UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a simple transport-layer protocol.

UDP(用户数据协议)是一个简单的transport-layer协议

8. A firewall is simply a group of components that collectively form a barrier between an

organization’s intranet and the Internet.

防火墙是简单的一组部件之间的障碍,集体形式组织的局域网和互联网

9.Router is a special purpose computer for connecting networks together.

路由器是一种特殊用途的计算机网络连接在一起

10.If modem access is to be provided, Dial-Back Systems should be guarded carefully.

如果接入调制解调器是,提供Dial-Back制度,应小心看守

Unit 10

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c88209113.html,rmation is needed to account for the general budgetary requirements and fund reporting.

需要信息占总体预算要求和基金的报告

2.The whole purpose of a database is the representation of the physical world. The accuracy of

the representation depends on the design of the database system.

一个数据库的唯一目的是表现的物质世界。代表的准确性取决于设计的数据库系统3.Management requires detail data. Management needs to know why a particular indicator is the

value that it has.

管理要求明细资料。管理需要知道为什么一个特定的指标是它所具有的价值

4.The file system that comes with your computer is a very primitive kink of database

management system.

文件系统是有你的计算机是一种非常原始的纠结的数据库管理系统。

5.One facet of a database management system is processing inserts, updates, and deletes.

其中一个方面的数据库管理系统,是处理插入,更新和删除

6.In SQL, the programmer says “I want data that meet the following criteria” and the RDBMS

query planner figures out how to get it.

在SQL,程序员说“我要符合下列条件的数据,这些数据查询规划师”与RDBMS想出如何得到它

7. A relational database is a big spreadsheet that several people can update simultaneously.

关系数据库是一个很大的试算表,这几个人就能更新,同时进行

8.Problems that are difficult in imperative computer languages can be very simple in a

declarative language such as SQL and vice versa.

在必要的问题有困难可以非常简单的计算机语言在声明性语言如SQL,反之亦然

9.The most practical database management software for Web sites is a relational database

management system with a full-text indexer.

最实用的数据库管理软件的网站是一个关系数据库管理系统和全文搜索速率

10.If you can program a spreadsheet, you can program an RDBMS in SQL.

如果你可以计划一个表格,你可以计划一个RDBMS,在SQL

高级英语第三版第一册课后英译汉答案

高级英语第三版第一册课后英译汉答案 Unit1Paraphrase: 1.We’re23feet above sea level. 2.The house has been here since1915,andno hurricane has ever caused any damag e to it. 3.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4.Water got into the generator and put it out.It stopped producing electricity,so the lights also went out. 5.Everybody goes out through the back door and runs to the cars! 6.The electrical systems in the car(the battery for the starter)had been put out by w ater. 7.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps,he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee i nland. 8.Oh God,please help us to get through this storm safely 9.Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew di mmer and finally stopped. 10.Janis displayed the fear caused by the hurricanerather late. 1.每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。（check out） Each and every airplane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off. 2.居民坚决反对在附近建立垃圾焚烧厂，因为他们担心工厂排放的气体会污染周围的空气。（waste incineration plant,concerned about） The residents were firmly against the construction of a waste incineration plant in th eir neighborhood because they were deeply concerned about the air pollution emitt ed by the plant. 3.在这个地区，生态工程的投资额高达数十亿。（mount to） In this area,investment in ecological projects mounted up to billions of yuan. 4.干枯的河道里布满了大大小小的石块。（strewn with） The dry riverbed was strewn with rocks of all sizes. 5.虽然战争给这个国家造成巨大的损失，但当地的文化传统并没有消亡。（perish）Although war caused great losses to this country,its local cultural traditi ons did not perish. 6.为了建筑现代化的高楼大厦，许多古老的、具有民族特色的建筑都被拆毁了。（demolish） To make space for modern high rises,a lot of ancient buildings with ethnic cultural fe atures had to be demolished. 7.在地震中多数质量差的房子的主体结构都散架了。（disintegrate） The main structures of most of the poor-quality houses disintegrated in the earthqua ke. 8.他为实现自己的目标付出了最大的努力，但最后美好的梦想还是化为了泡影。

2019年CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题及参考答案

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求则得之 Ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you. For everyone who asks receives; he who seeks finds; and to him who knocks, the door will be opened. Matthew 7:7 你们祈求，就给你们；寻找，就能找到；叩门，就给你们开门。因为凡祈求的就得到，寻找的就寻见，叩门的就给他开门。《马太福音》7章7节。 教材： 杨士焯：《英汉翻译教程》A Textbook on English-Chinese Translation 北京大学出版社，2011年3月第二版定价：38.00 参考书目： 1.《英汉对比研究》，连淑能著,高等教育出版社，2003年版。 2.《英汉语篇翻译》，李运兴著，清华大学出版社，2003年版。 3.《当代翻译理论》，刘宓庆著，中国对外翻译出版公司，1999年版。 4.《翻译的基本知识》钱歌川著，世界图书出版公司北京公司，2011年版 5.《英译汉教程》，连淑能著，高等教育出版社，2006年版。 Evaluation: Attendance 10% Two assignments 20% (each accounting for 10%) Mid-tem: 30% Final: 40% 决定翻译质量的四大因素： 1.外语水平it is six of one, half a dozen of the other. It is a case of half bottle empty and half bottle full. We are not here to make up the number. 2.汉语水平it works only when it hurts. (良药苦口，忠言逆耳) 3.知识水平Council house (公房), directives（律令），affirmative action (优惠政 策) , George Orwell said in 1984 4.工作态度peasant, pheasant 学习能力（learning ability）：self-motivation, self-discipline, cultivation of learning habit, logical analysis, generalization, ability to learn something within a very short period of time. Niche market: （壁龛、局部、适当、特定高端、细分、缝隙、小众、尼基、利基等）Niche 是指关键性、独特性的核心技术（如创新设计，技术能力，行销通路，资料库，制造能力，品牌等）能让有所成就和发展。Niche market 则是指企业能针对特定的市场区隔，利用公司的关键性、独特性的核心技术，提供专业化的服务，且具有一定的市场占有率，成为公司主要获利来源的市场。 Robust (鲁棒) （臭名昭著的鲁棒，翻译这个词的人应该千刀万剐。到底是什么意思？鲁班做的棒子？鲁国出品的棒子？）

英汉翻译经典例子及答案

1.Health is above wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that. 健康比财富更重要，因为财富不能像健康那样给人以幸福。 2.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. For hundreds of years tiny coral creatures have worked and died to make thousands of ring-shaped islands called atolls （环礁）. 在那里，由于地心引力的剧烈干扰，一道道山脉，一座座火山升出水面。千百年来，微小的珊瑚虫在这里繁衍、死亡，形成了数不胜数的被称为环礁的环状岛屿。 3.Old lines and methods of communication do not work easily or efficiently with as much information as we now have. 由于我们今天的信息太多，那些旧的通讯线路和方法已不能灵便有效地处理他们了。 4. Scarcely can any law be made which is beneficial to all; but if it benefits the majority, it is useful. 法律难顾及所有人，于大多数人有利足矣。 5.The water spread out for miles in places in Kenya and Somalia, cutting off villages and forcing herders to crowd with their livestock onto a few patches of dry land. 在肯尼亚和索马里的某些地方，河水漫出河床，宽达数英里。洪水切断了村与村之间的联系，迫使牧民们和家畜挤在一起，困缩在一块块狭小的陆地上动弹不得。 6. The snow falls on every wood and field, and no crevice is forgotten; by the river and pond, on the hill and in the valley. 雪，在四处飘落着。雪花撒在树上，撒在田野里，撒在河边、湖畔、山上、谷底——没有一条岩缝墙隙里不飘满雪花。 7. When his door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.

(完整版)专八英译汉练习答案

（一）英译汉练习 1. The winds of November were like summer breezes to him, and his face glowed with the pleasant cold. His cheeks were flushed and his eyes glistened; his vitality was intense, shining out upon others with almost a material warmth. 十一月的寒风，对他就像夏天吹拂的凉风一样。舒适的冷空气使他容光焕发，两颊通红，两眼闪光。他生气勃勃，叫别人感到是一团炙手的火。（英语material warmth 字面意思是"物质的温暖"，这里具体译作"一团炙手的火"言明意清，让人一看就懂。） 2. It was morning, and the new sun sparkled gold across the ripples of gentle sea. The sea was wonderfully calm and now it was rich with all the color of the setting sun. In the sky already a solitary star twinkled. 清晨，初升的太阳照着平静的海面，微波荡漾，闪耀着金色的光芒。（英语the ripples of the gentle sea 译成汉语时在结构上作了调整，这样译文念起来意思清楚，行文漂亮。） 3. To appease their thirst its readers drank deeper than before, until they were seized with a kind of delirium. 为了解渴，读者比以前越饮越深，直到陷入了昏迷状态。这个句子的译文死抠原文形式，死抠字典释义，翻译腔严重，让人难以明白其意思，可改译为：读者为了满足自己的渴望，越读越想读，直到进入了如痴如醉的状态。所谓过分表达，就是指译文画蛇添足，增加了原文没有的东西；而欠表达则是省略或删节原文的内容。翻译时均应避免这类错误。 4. Early Reagan was a mirror image of early Carter. 里根上台时在做法上跟执政初期的卡特毫无二致。 （a mirror image 如直译为"镜子里的形象"，就让人感到非常别扭，远不如"毫无二致"自然。） 5. Up Broadway he turned, and halted at a glittering café, where are gathered together nightly the choicest products of the grapes, the silkworm and the protoplasm. 他拐到百老汇路上，在一家灯火辉煌的饭店前停下来，那里每晚汇集上好的美酒、华丽的衣服和有地位的人物。 6. Words are not themselves a reality but only representation of it, and the King's English, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a class representation of reality. 单词本身并不是客观物体，只不过是代表客观体而已；像日尔曼人的盎格鲁法语一样，标准英语也是一种代表客观体的语言。 （King's English 不能直译为"国王英语"，它是指标准英语，相当于汉语中的"普通话"。） 7. At 19 he had commenced one of those careers attractive and inexplicable to ordinary mortals for whom a single bankruptcy is good as a feast. 他19 岁时就已经走上了一条在普通人看来是极富吸引力而又不可理解的道路，普通人认为，只是一次破产就叫人够呛了。 (good as a feast 如直译为"像丰盛的宴席一样好",意思正好反了.直接释明其意"叫人够呛",地道通顺.) 8. Mr. Kingsley and his Red Brick boys will have to look to their laurels. 金斯利先生和他那些二流大学的学生们必须小心翼翼地保持已经取得的荣誉。 （Red Brick 又称Red Brick Universities，指英国除牛津、剑桥大学以外的其他地方性二流大学。因其建筑主要是红砖砌成，不象牛津、剑桥的建筑均为古色古香的石块所建成，故得此名。 9. I was extremely worried about her, but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture or an argument. 我真替他万分担忧，但此时此地既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。英语中没有量词，汉译时就得根据汉语的表达习惯增加合适的量词 10. An individual human existence should be like a river-small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.

GET 02-10 英译汉真题及答案

02-10英译汉真题及答案 1.The reason for not classifying carbon dioxide as a pollutant is that it is a natural component of the atmosphere and needed by plants to carry out biological synthesis. No one would argue that carbon dioxide is a necessary component of the atmosphere any more than one would argue the fact that Vitamin D is necessary in the human diet. However, excess intake of Vitamin D can be extremely toxic. Living systems, be they an ecosystem or an organism, require that a delicate balance be maintained between certain compounds in order for the system to function normally. When the excess presence of one substance threatens the wellbeing of an ecosystem, it becomes toxic despite the fact that it is required in small quantities. (GET Jun 10, 124 words) 2.Human progress is greatly accelerated by the use of language in cultural transmission; the knowledge and experience acquired by a particular person can be passed on to another in language, so that no amount of demonstration can replace the role of language. In this connection the importance of the invention of printing can never be exaggerated. At the present time the achievements of anyone in any part of the world can be made available and accessible to anyone else able to read and capable of understanding what is involved. From these uses of language, spoken or written, the most developed animal communication system, though given the courtesy title of language, is worlds away. (GET Jan 10, 114 words) 3.Changes and developments in a science are determined by numerous causes. Every science grows from its past, and the state reached in a previous generation provides the starting point for the next. But no science is carried on in a vacuum, without reference to or contact with other sciences and the general atmosphere for learning. Scientists and men of learning are also men of their age and country, and they can’t live independent of the culture. Besides its own past, the course of science is also affected by the social context of its contemporary world and the intellectual premises in it. Applications of the science and the expectations that others have of it may be a very important determinant of the direction of its growth and changes. (GET Jun 09, 128 words) 4.When dominant innovators in a science respond to the challenge of a situation that demands some change in its practice, this may take a number of forms, and rival schools may grow up around different leaders responding differently to a particular situation. These rivalries