中英文文献翻译—汽车车门行业概述

附录

Car door industry overview

Now automotive upgrading of products are quick and every style of the design of the car as a systems engineering, is relatively independent process, many multinational auto company decades ago has already broken the relative independence, the design of every process concise ascension, make a module, according to the method of system to organize and defined as car design process. In the later new car design, each process into the established design patterns, step by step, control the car promote each a very detailed design process, thus well to complete the design efficiency. At home, faw, no.2, saic big auto enterprise group has been established a comparatively perfect product design process, in home increasingly fierce competition in the automobile products, the enterprise product competitiveness, the obvious advantage of product update speed, quality is reliable, the deep user's trust, and the establishment of research and development process of is the important significance of enterprise.

With the car body modelling design and changes required increased day by day, parameter design more accord with and close to the modern CAD concept design and concurrent design thought, and can improve the design and analysis of flexible body, so the model parametric design vehicle manufacturing industry has become an inevitable trend. Parametric design is a new way of thinking to the products and the design methods of modification and. At present the traditional manual modelling method has been established in various kinds of advanced modelling modeling software on the basis of the computer aided modeling method, replaced parametric design technology can be quickly absorb foreign auto body design of advanced technology, rapid response in China market, improve the ability of independent design and development, improve the car auto product competition ability.

With the development of automobile industry, automobile comfort still improve to satisfy the requirement of people. The car door is relatively independent assembly, the car door design not only relationship to the car's practical, to cars also have very big adornment effect. So the design of the door also more and more exquisite, and use more and more

network and electronic technology. From 1957 new China first cars officially production line, China automobile in the middle of the twentieth century experienced a long and slow development stage, after the 2003 and 2006 after two rounds of BaoFaShi growth, begin entering the steady growth stage. The severe macroeconomic situation, the development of the Chinese car industry is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities, but also by the impact of the from all sides. China will want from car manufacturing power development become automobile industry power, it must in the research and development of product of car a breakthrough. Europe, the U.S. and Japan's car companies are able to so strong, and they decades, or even hundreds of years of technical innovation and accumulate experience is not divided, flipping them the history of the development of automobile industry, we can clearly feel they the same enterprise development context: clear market positioning, determined the technical research and development, leading the trend of the strategic direction, it all, make enough of their primitive accumulation. We start though some late, but the car industry as one of the main industries of China's economy in recent years, technology research and development on the investment increased significantly, from the past automobile products imported into product introduction production to the technical transformation, in the last few years is more direct technology import and merger advanced foreign auto enterprise, China's auto technology springing up rapidly.

The door is the whole body structure of the complex and relatively independent a assembly, it mainly by the door frame and cover plate and the doors, Windows, and protective glass and glass door, door lock and handle, drive the car door hinge, door and door article seal structure switch. The door is the car body design of a relative independent components. In the door design its safety is especially important, it must guarantee in the vehicle collisions, as far as possible to reduce to pedestrians and crew of the damage the car door, and therefore must be requirements covering parts surface is bright and clean and tough; Door lock, door hinge and the door door body must be able to A column in A column B A C pillars of collision impact; relay route After the collision of the door must be able to easily not rely on any auxiliary tools with open hand. In view of the side impact caused by the crew of risks in the car, pay attention to the design of the car deformation limits within a certain range, crew to provide a valid living space. These require the door must have the enough strength and rigidity. In the car body design's process, the doors of the assembly and design layout design in addition to coordinate the relationship with, but said the is a

relatively independent, is the most representative body assemblies design. It should not only and vehicle modelling coordinated, it also ensures that the necessary opening, convenient hop on and off, good security, stability, seal, handling technology, enough strength and stiffness, to meet the functional requirements. So the design of the door a body design one of the important links.

Manufacturers in order to be in the market competition in an invincible position, we must improve the product quality, reduce the production cost, shorten the development cycle of the products, to improve labor productivity, all of these forced to seek the intelligent designer constantly design tools and advanced design method. This topic research content that is in such cases of generation.

汽车车门行业概述

如今汽车产品的更新换代速度很快，而每一款汽车的设计作为一个系统的工程，是相对独立的过程，很多跨国汽车公司早在几十年前就已经打破了这种相对的独立，将设计的每一个过程凝练提升，形成一个个模块，按照系统的方法组织起来，定义为汽车设计流程。在以后的新车设计中，将每一个过程融入了这种既定的设计模式，按部就班地推进，控制着汽车的每一个非常详细的设计过程，从而顺利高效地完成设计。在国内，一汽、二汽、上汽等大的汽车企业集团都已经建立起了比较完善的产品设计流程，在国内愈演愈烈的汽车产品竞争中，这些企业的产品竞争力有着明显的优势，产品更新速度快，质量可靠，深得用户的信赖，可见研发流程的建立对企业的重要意义。

伴随着汽车车身造型的设计与修改要求日趋增高，参数化设计更符合和贴近现代CAD中的概念设计和并行设计思想，并可提高设计与分析的柔性，因此车身模型的参数化设计经成为车辆制造行业发展的必然趋势。参数化设计是以一种全新的思维方式来进行产品的创和修改设计的方法。目前传统的手工造型方法已被建立在各种先进的造型建模软件基础上的计算机辅助造型方法所取代，参数化设计技术能够快速吸收国外汽车车身设计的先进技术，快速响应市场，提高我国自主设计开发汽车的能力，提高汽车产品竞争能力。

随着汽车技术的发展，汽车的舒适性不断提高以满足人们的要求。汽车车门是车上相对独立的总成，车门设计不但关系到汽车的实用性，对汽车也有很大的装饰作用。因此车门的设计也越来越讲究，而且使用越来越多的网络和电控技术。从1957年新中国的第一辆汽车正式生产下线，中国汽车在20世纪中期经历了漫长的缓慢发展阶段，在经过2003年和2006年的两轮爆发式增长后，开始步入平稳增长阶段。2009年严峻的宏观经济形势下，中国汽车行业的发展面临着前所未有的挑战与机遇，同时也受到来自各个方面的冲击。中国要想从汽车制造大国发展成为汽车产业强国，就必须在汽车产品的研发上取得突破。欧美日的汽车企业之所以能够如此强势，与他们几十年甚至上百年的技术革新与经验积累是分不开的，翻开他们汽车产业发展的历史，我们都能够清晰的感受到他们相同的企业发展脉络：明确的市场定位，坚定不移的技术研发，引领潮流的战略方向，这一切，做足了他们的原始积累。我们的起步尽管有些晚，但是汽车产业作为中国经济的支柱产业之一，近年来在技术研发上的投入力度明显增加，从过去的汽车产品进口到产品引进生产再到技术转化，近几年来更是直接的技术引进、并购国外先进的汽车企业，中国的汽车技术如雨后春笋般迅猛发展。

车门是整个车身中结构复杂又相对独立的一个总成,它主要由车门骨架及盖板、车门护面、门窗、车门玻璃及玻璃升降器、门锁及其手柄、车门铰链、车门密封条和车门开关机构组成。车门是汽车车身设计中的一个相对独立的零部件。在车门设计中其安全性尤为重要，它必须保证在车辆发生碰撞时，尽可能地减少对行人和乘员造成的伤害，因此必须要求车门外覆盖件表面光洁、有韧性；门锁、门铰链以及车门门体必须能够按照A柱一B柱一C柱的路线传递碰撞冲击力；碰撞后的车门必须能够轻松地不借助于任何辅助工具用手打开。鉴于侧面碰撞对乘员造成的危险性，在设计车门时注意将车门的变形限制在一定范围内，为乘员提供一个有效的生存空间。这些都要求车门必须具备足够的强度和刚度。在汽车车身设计的过程中，车门总成的布置设计除与整体设计有着协调配合关系外，可称的上是一个相对独立的，最具有代表性的车身总成设计。它不仅要与整车造型协调一致，还要保证必要的开度，方便上下车，良好的安全性，稳定的操纵性，密封性，工艺性，足够的强度刚度，以满足功能上的要求。因此车门的设计成为车身设计中的一个重要环节。

生产厂家为了能在市场竞争中立于不败之地，就必须提高产品质量，降低生产成本，缩短产品的开发周期，提高劳动生产率，所有这些迫使设计者不断地寻求智能化的设计工具和先进的设计方法。本课题的研究内容就是在这样的情况下产生的。

01-文献综述范文-翻译-当前零翻译研究问题与对策

外国语学院2018届毕业论文文献综述（示范） 一、研究背景 近来多篇论文中出现零翻译的提法（杜争鸣，2000；邱懋如，2001；刘明东，2002；袁斌业，2002a，2002b，2002c，2002d；石琳，2003；余清萍，2003；余清萍，秦傲松，2004；肖耀田，2004），但国内学者所编三本译学词典（林煌天，1997；孙迎春，1999；方梦之，2004）均未出现零翻译这一词条，国外三本词典/术语著作（Shuttleworth & Cowie，1997；Baker，1998；Delisle，2004）亦未收入这一条目，只有国内孙迎春（2001）编著的《汉英双向翻译学语林》收进了“零翻译（音译、形译之一种）zero translation”（58页）及“zero translation零翻译（音译、形译之一种）”（268页）两个条目，同时又有贾影（2002）反对零翻译提法，并认为承认不可译有“积极作用”。但零翻译现象确实存在，如DIY（自己动手），IQ（智商），EQ（情商），这些零翻译词汇经常在汉语中出现。英语中也有类似情况，如美国《时代》周刊中报道中国特色事物时经常使用拼音，如aizi(矮子)，pizi（痞子），shiganjia（实干家），yuan（缘）（王祥兵，2002），shuangying(双赢)，guanxi(关系)（顾静，2005）。 这些研究成果揭示了零翻译现象的存在，引进了零翻译的概念，促进了翻译理论概念的扩大，但是从发表的论文及孙迎春（2001）的这两个条目来看，各自运用的名称虽同（也有不同，如杜争鸣称为不译），但概念的内涵及外延均有出入，因此有必要探讨当前零翻译研究的问题并提出相应研究对策。 二、研究现状及不足 1. 定义不统一、模糊不清 传统翻译理论多把零翻译归结为“音译法”、“移译法”，只看到技巧层面的意义，如秦建栋（1999）讨论“英汉词汇空缺现象刍议”列举“音译法”、“移译法”，袁斌业（2001）论及“英语本族人音译汉语词汇的语用分析”，虽然看到“音译在我国只能用来翻译名词，而在国外则可以用来翻译包括名词在内的各种词语”，但未能从中提炼出零翻译的概念，实际上这里已包含有零翻译与音译的某些区别。 国内最早使用zero translation这一术语的是杜争鸣（2000），但他称之为“不译”，并分析了直译、意译与不译三种翻译策略。他不停留于策略本身，从跨文化交际的视角分析了三种策略的社会语言学与跨文化交际涵义，并看到了不译的三层文化含义。不译背后体现译者对于翻译目的的认识，“而翻译的目的必然直接或间接地反映反映译者本人对翻译的文化含义的意识与潜意识，反映他翻译时所采取的文化姿态与立场。”即翻译观的问题。但从术语的精确性来说

文献翻译英文原文

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c710215135.html,/finance/company/consumer.html Consumer finance company The consumer finance division of the SG group of France has become highly active within India. They plan to offer finance for vehicles and two-wheelers to consumers, aiming to provide close to Rs. 400 billion in India in the next few years of its operations. The SG group is also dealing in stock broking, asset management, investment banking, private banking, information technology and business processing. SG group has ventured into the rapidly growing consumer credit market in India, and have plans to construct a headquarters at Kolkata. The AIG Group has been approved by the RBI to set up a non-banking finance company (NBFC). AIG seeks to introduce its consumer finance and asset management businesses in India. AIG Capital India plans to emphasize credit cards, mortgage financing, consumer durable financing and personal loans. Leading Indian and international concerns like the HSBC, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, Barclays and HDFC Bank are also waiting to be approved by the Reserve Bank of India to initiate similar operations. AIG is presently involved in insurance and financial services in more than one hundred countries. The affiliates of the AIG Group also provide retirement and asset management services all over the world. Many international companies have been looking at NBFC business because of the growing consumer finance market. Unlike foreign banks, there are no strictures on branch openings for the NBFCs. GE Consumer Finance is a section of General Electric. It is responsible for looking after the retail finance operations. GE Consumer Finance also governs the GE Capital Asia. Outside the United States, GE Consumer Finance performs its operations under the GE Money brand. GE Consumer Finance currently offers financial services in more than fifty countries. The company deals in credit cards, personal finance, mortgages and automobile solutions. It has a client base of more than 118 million customers throughout the world

汽车后市场 外文文献翻译

The Competitive Dynamics in the Automotive Aftermarket: Branded Products and Private Label Products THE BUSINESS CASE Throughout the automotive aftermarket industry,senior executives are facing the reality of private brands. Similar dynamics exist outside of the automotive aftermarket and are intensifying in other sectors, such as traditional consumer goods. Also known as ―private label‖ and referred to across many consumer-oriented industries as ―store brands,‖ ―control brands‖ or ―own brands,‖ their risin g prominence has led top executives to ask: ? What issues and risks do U.S.-branded manufacturers face with respect to private brands? ? How are market forces different today than in years past? How will this landscape evolve? ? How can I better understand my operational blind spots in an increasingly competitive landscape? ? What can my management team focus on to protect and grow my brands? Where do we start? ?What are the similarities and differences between the private brand trends in the automotive aftermarket and the consumer products sector? ? What can be learned by automotive aftermarket executives from the private brand experiences in other sectors? Although answers to these questions are not simple and some market dynamics are not yet fully clear, the availability of private brands and other competitive trends are growing in the automotive aftermarket community, just as they are in many consumer product segments. One out of every three consumer products sold by one of the nation’s largest retailers is now private brand – up from one out of every five just a few years ago. With U.S. private brand sales in the grocery market surpassing well over $80 billion, for example, private brands can no longer be ignored by consumer product manufacturers. The U.S. market share of private brands in food, drug and mass merchant channels is more than 20 percent, according to industry data research firms. More than 80 percent of consumers shopping in big box, warehouse clubs and superstores frequently buy store brands and, depending on the specific product category, multiple store brands at a time. Retailers are focusing more resources on private branding to enhance margins, increase shelf velocity and expand store

汽车专业毕业设计外文翻译

On the vehicle sideslip angle estimation through neural networks: Numerical and experimental results. S. Melzi,E. Sabbioni Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 25 (2011)：14~28 电脑估计车辆侧滑角的数值和实验结果 S.梅尔兹,E.赛博毕宁 机械系统和信号处理2011年第25期：14~28

摘要 将稳定控制系统应用于差动制动内/外轮胎是现在对客车车辆的标准（电子稳定系统ESP、直接偏航力矩控制DYC）。这些系统假设将两个偏航率(通常是衡量板)和侧滑角作为控制变量。不幸的是后者的具体数值只有通过非常昂贵却不适合用于普通车辆的设备才可以实现直接被测量,因此只能估计其数值。几个州的观察家最终将适应参数的参考车辆模型作为开发的目的。然而侧滑角的估计还是一个悬而未决的问题。为了避免有关参考模型参数识别/适应的问题,本文提出了分层神经网络方法估算侧滑角。横向加速度、偏航角速率、速度和引导角,都可以作为普通传感器的输入值。人脑中的神经网络的设计和定义的策略构成训练集通过数值模拟与七分布式光纤传感器的车辆模型都已经获得了。在各种路面上神经网络性能和稳定已经通过处理实验数据获得和相应的车辆和提到几个处理演习(一步引导、电源、双车道变化等)得以证实。结果通常显示估计和测量的侧滑角之间有良好的一致性。 1 介绍 稳定控制系统可以防止车辆的旋转和漂移。实际上，在轮胎和道路之间的物理极限的附着力下驾驶汽车是一个极其困难的任务。通常大部分司机不能处理这种情况和失去控制的车辆。最近,为了提高车辆安全，稳定控制系统(ESP[1,2]; DYC[3,4])介绍了通过将差动制动/驱动扭矩应用到内/外轮胎来试图控制偏航力矩的方法。 横摆力矩控制系统（DYC）是基于偏航角速率反馈进行控制的。在这种情况下,控制系统使车辆处于由司机转向输入和车辆速度控制的期望的偏航率[3,4]。然而为了确保稳定，防止特别是在低摩擦路面上的车辆侧滑角变得太大是必要的[1,2]。事实上由于非线性回旋力和轮胎滑移角之间的关系，转向角的变化几乎不改变偏航力矩。因此两个偏航率和侧滑角的实现需要一个有效的稳定控制系统[1,2]。不幸的是,能直接测量的侧滑角只能用特殊设备(光学传感器或GPS惯性传感器的组合)，现在这种设备非常昂贵,不适合在普通汽车上实现。因此, 必须在实时测量的基础上进行侧滑角估计，具体是测量横向/纵向加速度、角速度、引导角度和车轮角速度来估计车辆速度。 在主要是基于状态观测器/卡尔曼滤波器(5、6)的文学资料里, 提出了几个侧滑角估计策略。因为国家观察员都基于一个参考车辆模型,他们只有准确已知模型参数的情况下，才可以提供一个令人满意的估计。根据这种观点,轮胎特性尤其关键取决于附着条件、温度、磨损等特点。 轮胎转弯刚度的提出就是为了克服这些困难,适应观察员能够提供一个同步估计的侧滑角和附着条件[7,8]。这种方法的弊端是一个更复杂的布局的估计量导致需要很高的计算工作量。 另一种方法可由代表神经网络由于其承受能力模型非线性系统，这样不需要一个参

文献综述 英文

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中英文文献翻译

毕业设计（论文）外文参考文献及译文 英文题目Component-based Safety Computer of Railway Signal Interlocking System 中文题目模块化安全铁路信号计算机联锁系统 学院自动化与电气工程学院 专业自动控制 姓名葛彦宁 学号 200808746 指导教师贺清 2012年5月30日

Component-based Safety Computer of Railway Signal Interlocking System 1 Introduction Signal Interlocking System is the critical equipment which can guarantee traffic safety and enhance operational efficiency in railway transportation. For a long time, the core control computer adopts in interlocking system is the special customized high-grade safety computer, for example, the SIMIS of Siemens, the EI32 of Nippon Signal, and so on. Along with the rapid development of electronic technology, the customized safety computer is facing severe challenges, for instance, the high development costs, poor usability, weak expansibility and slow technology update. To overcome the flaws of the high-grade special customized computer, the U.S. Department of Defense has put forward the concept：we should adopt commercial standards to replace military norms and standards for meeting consumers’demand [1]. In the meantime, there are several explorations and practices about adopting open system architecture in avionics. The United Stated and Europe have do much research about utilizing cost-effective fault-tolerant computer to replace the dedicated computer in aerospace and other safety-critical fields. In recent years, it is gradually becoming a new trend that the utilization of standardized components in aerospace, industry, transportation and other safety-critical fields. 2 Railways signal interlocking system 2.1 Functions of signal interlocking system The basic function of signal interlocking system is to protect train safety by controlling signal equipments, such as switch points, signals and track units in a station, and it handles routes via a certain interlocking regulation. Since the birth of the railway transportation, signal interlocking system has gone through manual signal, mechanical signal, relay-based interlocking, and the modern computer-based Interlocking System. 2.2 Architecture of signal interlocking system Generally, the Interlocking System has a hierarchical structure. According to the function of equipments, the system can be divided to the function of equipments; the system

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附录 Modern car’s design always stresses people-oriented, so safety, comfort, Environmental protection and energy saving have been the design theme And target in car design. Ergonomics layout design is not only relate to the effective use of internal space and improve car’s comfort and safety Performance, but it will also impact internal and external modeling results, and further affects the vehicle's overall performance and marketability.Soergonomics’application and research during car design and development process occupy an important position.After more than 50 years of construction and development, China’s Automobile industry has become the leading power of automobile production and consumption in the world. In particular, with the rise and rapid de velopment of independent brand’s vehicles, we pay more attention To the development processes and the technical requirements of hard Points’ layout. Through the three typical processes such as modern vehicle developing Process, body development process and using ergonomic to progress Inner auto-body layout, describe ergonomic layoationship between design, Aunt design in which stage of the process of vehicle development, the red The importance of working steps. The automobile body total arrangement is the automobile design most initial is also the most essential step, is other design stage premise and the foundation, to a great extent is deciding the body design success or failure. Picks generally in the actual design process With by forward and reverse two design method (1) to design (from inside to outside law) to design method namely "humanist", is coming based on the human body arrangement tool to define the pilot and the crew member gradually rides the space and the vehicle comes to pay tribute each article the arrangement, take satisfies the human body to ride with the driving comfortableness as the premise, said simply is determined first satisfies the human body to ride under the comfortable premise, carries on the indoor arrangement first, then carries on the complete bikes external styling design again. The concrete method and the step are as follows: ①Determine 5% and 95% manikin H position and the chair by the SAE recommendation's enjoyable line or the region law adjustment traveling schedule, seat

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仪表板外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

Dashboard From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about a control panel placed in the front of the car. For other uses, see Dashboard (disambiguation). The dashboard of a Bentley Continental GTC car A dashboard (also called dash, instrument panel (IP), or fascia) is a control panel located directly ahead of a vehicle's driver, displaying instrumentation and controls for the vehicle's operation. Contents 1.Etymology 2.Dashboard features 3.Padding and safety 4.Fashion in instrumentation 5.See also 6.References Etymology Horse-drawn carriage dashboard Originally, the word dashboard applied to a barrier of wood or leather fixed at the front of a horse-drawn carriage or sleigh to protect the driver from mud or other debris "dashed up" (thrown up) by the horses' hooves.[1] Commonly these boards did not perform any additional function other than providing a convenient handhold for ascending into the driver's seat, or a small clip with which to secure the reins when not in use. When the first "horseless carriages" were constructed in the late 19th century, with engines mounted beneath the driver such as the Daimler Stahlradwagen, the simple dashboard was retained to protect occupants from debris thrown up by the cars' front wheels. However, as car design evolved to position the motor in front of the driver, the dashboard became a panel that protected vehicle occupants from the heat and oil of the engine. With gradually increasing mechanical complexity, this panel formed a convenient location for the placement of gauges and minor controls, and from this evolved the modern instrument panel,