集美大学外国语学院英国文学简史课本I(老师画的主要内容)
集美大学外国语学院英国文学简史课本（老师画的主要内容）
I. 第一部分
中古英语时期
一、The Old English Period
The British civilization is one of the oldest in the world. One of its extant signs, the Stonehenge, dates back to 1400-1800BC.
This prehistoric monumental pile of stones indicates a fairly advanced level of engineering and astronomy.
Ancient people of the land must have had a prehistoric literature of their own.
The Celts were probably the first inhabitants of the British Isles in recorded history. One of their tribes, the Britons. “Britain”means “the land of the Britons.”The Celts left behind a rich oral tradition of myths and legends, of which the Arthurian legends are and important part.
The Anglo-Saxons were a branch of the Germanic tribes.
Anglo-Saxon became Old English, and the place became England, or the Angle-land, “the land of the Angles.”
7th century, the first English poet, Caedmon by name, began to sing.
8th, Beowulf, (epic史诗) the first English poem still intact as a whole piece today.
The wife’s lament 妻子的哀怨ruin废墟
The Ecclesiastical History of England------Bede 英格兰宗教史
盎格鲁撒克逊编年史
Lengthy narrative poem 长篇叙事诗
The only organic whole poem to come out of the Anglo-Saxon period is Beowulf, an epic of well over 3000 lines.
The story takes place in Scandinavia. The hero comes from Sweden, and performs his deeds in Denmark.
It was handed down by word of mouth from generation to generation.
Beowulf’s fight with the sea-monsters Grendel and his mother in the first part, and his killing a fiery dragon and his death in the second.
But the story is unique as a hybrid(混合的) of fact with legend.
写作修辞手法
1、use of “kenning”比喻的复合辞
A kenning is a kind of metaphor chiefly designed to appeal to people thinking in images and pictures and facilitate a process of attaining knowledge by guesswork. Kennings embellish the whole of Beowulf.
2、There is the conspicuous显而易见的occurrence of alliteration.头韵
Alliteration is by definition a succession of similar consonant辅音sounds repeated at the beginning of successive words. It is good for rhythmic chanting effects, emphasis, and helping to memorize things.
3、Equally noticeable is the use of assonance.协韵
Another popular sound pattern of repeating vowel sounds in successive words either initially句首
or internally句中.
二、Middle English: Medieval literature中世纪文学
Romance浪漫主义
1、The legends of King Arthur and his knights
He claimed that the book was a translation of a Welsh history of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table.亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士
One of these was Wace of Jersey whose Roman de Brut布鲁特传奇made the story a romance of chivalry.
2、Sir Gawain and the Green Knight高文爵士和绿衣骑士
It virtues of loyalty忠诚, valor勇敢, rectitude公正, and integrity正直.
It is a 4-part work of 2530 lines in 101 sections.
骑士精神对照：To the intensity of the lady’s offensive, the hunting serves as an apt foil——deer(timidity)怯懦, the boar(the wild and aggressive)攻击性, and the fox(the cunning).狡猾
3、Robin Hood罗宾汉
Robin Hood, the hero of the poor, and the enemy of the rich and the powerful.
4、William Langland wrote Vision of Piers the Plowman. 威廉·朗格兰（英国文学之父，著有《耕者皮尔斯》）
1、Geoffrey Chaucer
1)Father of English poetry
2)Master of English language
3)First realistic writer
4)Forerunner of humanism
He was the first preeminent English poet in history and ranks with Shakespeare as the most popular and most widely read of all poets today.
The Book of Duchess
Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集诗体小说
Heroic couplet英雄双韵; rhymed stanza雅韵诗节；end rhyme尾韵
By far the most famous of all his works is The Canterbury Tales, a collection of 20-odd stories. Boccaccio’s Decameron 薄伽丘的《十日谈》（模仿、借鉴坎特伯雷）works in a similar way in that ten narrators each tell a story a day for ten days.
On the pilgrimage朝拜to Canterbury
The painting begins in the General Prologue, which is Chaucer’s purely English work. It offers such a panorama of social life that the readers can instantly imagine themselves back into the time tunnel and relive the 14th-century as one of the travelers in the Tales. The variety of lifestyles, customs and traditions, the ways people walk in their peculiar gaits and talk in their peculiar language, the juxtaposition of the serious and the dignified alongside the jocular and the vulgar, the candid folk with the treacherous, the high with the low, and female with male——all these reveal Chaucer’s thorough knowledge of his country and his rare gift for adequate expression. “The Wife of Bath’s Tale”A young knight in King Arthur’s time violates the knightly code and rapes a young woman.违反骑士美德，骚扰女性
Woman wants to be the mistress of her own house most.
The implication is that hers may not be a physical beauty, but one that resides in the soul and that
a man should love a woman for her worth rather than her face.
“The Pardoner’s Tale”“The Miller’s Tale”
三、The Pre-Elizabethan Period
The 150 years between the death of Chaucer and the ascension of Queen Elizabeth I was a very important period I history.
Free from spiritual restraint, loyalty of God and authority of clergy were declining. Reformation
The growing corrupt practices of the Catholic Church
First stared in German by Martin Luther
The Protestants, such as the Lutherians and the Calvinists
The rebirth or revival of classical learning, which first began in 14th-century Italy
Humanism as a movement came into existence.
2、Thomas More
Utopia consists of two books with emphasis on Book II in which the Utopian weal republic is described in detail.
Book I is written in the form of a dialogue between More and a traveler by the name of Rapael Hythloday.
To explore the potential of human life
Utopia, a kind of “Nowhere land”
Utopia offers the best ideal social system possible that could be offered at the time.
The limitation of Utopian Society:
The Utopian society is clearly male-dominated: there is no mention of gender equality, no equal opportunity for administrative and religious jobs, no clear recognition of the female sex and their rights, but a very clear indication that the women folk have to submit to their men folk as, for instance, they have to kneel before their men and confess on days of religious observance.
Renaissance文艺复兴时期
四、The Elizabethan Age
1、The Elizabethan period began with the ascension of Queen Elizabeth I in 1588.
The War of the Roses (1455-1483)
Francis Drake defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588, England became the first sea power in the world.
The Elizabethan age was one in which Renaissance transformed Chaucer’s Medieval England into Shakespeare’s modern one.
Spirit of adventure permeated all the fields
The age furnished a fertile soil, as it were, on which a plethora a fresh flowers and plants grew to survive.
三个时期
I、The first of these stretches over two decades, beginning with the printing of Tottel’s Miscellany and concluding with the publication of Edmund Spenser’s The Shepheardes Calendar.
The main contributors to Tottel’s Miscellany were Thomas Wyatt, who introduced the sonnet into the country, and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, who brought the blank verse(素体诗、无韵诗)
into English poetry (blank verse being rhyme-less iambic pentameter（不押韵，五步抑扬格）or a line of ten syllables in five iambs（五个抑扬格，十个音节）, a rhythmic unit of two syllable with the unstressed followed by the stressed syllable)
II、The second phase covers some two decades from 1580 through 1599, the year of Spenser’s death. This was a period of intense literary activity in which the greatest Elizabethan writers made their presence felt.
Spenser——The Faerie Queene《仙后》
Philip Sidney——Astrophel and Stella《爱星者与星星》
John Lyly’s——Eupheus Its quaint style with its extravagant, conceited, and florid language 最初文章很奢华
Euphemism委婉语John Lyly contributed to the English language
University Wits大学才子派each and every one of whom was a man of genius, out with their brilliant creations, and would have all taken up a lot more space in literary history had there not towered above them the all-time Shakespeare. These “Wits”include Christopher Marlowe, Robert Greene, George Peele, Thomas Lodge, Thomas Nash, and Thomas Kyd. All were graduates either from Oxford or Cambridge or both, had a short but brilliant literary career that placed them among the ancestors of modern English writers, and most left the scene as soon as they came mainly as result of their reckless and dissolute Bohemian lifestyle for which the Elizabethan age was famous or notorious.
大学才子派的常用手法“戏中戏”The mechanism of the play within the play
Lodge’s Rosalynde（洛奇的罗莎琳达）gave the storyline for Shakespeare’s As You Like It(皆大欢喜). The work of the University Wits paved the way for the rise of Shakespeare.
III、The third phase spans over some three decades. This was the period in which Shakespeare finished all his later plays, and Ben Jonson did almost the whole of his work.
The Authorized Version of the Bible——授权版本的圣经
King James’ Bible——国王詹姆斯圣经
The Elizabethan age is famous in every possible sense of the word, in volume数量, quality, variety, originality, and permanence持久性.
2、Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞
The Faerie Queen 《仙后》先给伊丽莎白女王的诗，came out in 1590 and made him the best of poets of his time.
He was buried near Chaucer in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey角落的威斯敏斯特教堂. Spenser’s major works include The Shepheardes Calendar(牧羊人日历), The Faerie Queene, Colin Clouts Come Home Againe, two odes to Marriage——Epithalamium祝婚诗and Prothalamium婚前曲, and Amoretti祝婚曲, a collection of sonnets.
The Faerie Queene is a grand epic poem.
Spenserian stanza斯宾塞诗体
Spenserian stanza, which has continued to be a popular stanzaic form for dreamy and meditative works.
The rhyme scheme is abab bcbc c
3、Shakespeare’s plays reveal traces of acquaintance with Spenser’s poems. Milton calls him his
“poetical father.”
Dryden and Pope were both indebted to him.
And so were James Thomson, Wordsworth, Byron, Shelley, Keats, Tennyson, and hundreds more.
4、Philip Sidney
Apologie for Poetrie为诗一辩
Sidney’s Apologie for Poetrie defends the noble nature of poetry and its moral value against Puritan criticism and elevates poetry as the supreme form of art that helps enrich and make nature.
5、English Drama: A Sketchy Account
The drama had gone through a number of phases over the centuries including those of the mysteries, the miracles, the morality道德剧, the interlude戏中戏，插剧, and the true drama经典剧.
6、Christopher Marlowe克里斯托弗·马洛（英国戏剧家）
The Passionate Shepherd to this love
The most preeminent figure among the University Wits was Christopher Marlowe, who was the greatest playwright before the rise of Shakespeare.
The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.浮士德博士的悲剧
Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝, the play which pushed the young playwright instantly to prominence凸显, is a dream vision in blank verse素体诗（rhyme-less iambic pentameter）
The play for which Marlowe is chiefly remembered today, The tragical History of Doctor Faustus. Faust浮士德was a real person, a 16th-century German magician. Marlowe wrote the 13-scene tragedy in collaboration with others….and also to the interest of Goethe歌德two centuries later, whose drama, Faust, came out in two parts in 1808 and 1832 respectively. Marlowe’s tragedy places emphasis on the cosmic宇宙的nature of Faustus’s quest for knowledge and power.
The first part of the play tells of Faustus’s dissatisfaction with earthly knowledge and of his pact with the devil.
The second part tells of Faustus’ satisfaction with his newly acquired knowledge and power.
The third section concludes with Faustus’soul being dragged down to Hell as the pact公约requires. When the last hour comes, Faustus tries to repent懊悔and pray to God to save him from eternal damnation. In despair he asks the devil to let him have Helen of Troy as his lover. He has his last desire and is hauled down to Hell.
The image of Faustus is historically significant as a “photo” record of the new man, the modern man, the Renaissance humanist, who steps into modern light with all the glitter of Reformation and Renaissance.
Insatiability is his name.
Thus Faustus represents the archetypal Renaissance humanist of the 16th century, and a supreme specimen of Everyman for all time.
Formally, the play uses some dramatic devices like the choruses合唱and the accompanying quarrels between the good angles and the evil ones.
They help externalize the continual inner struggle that goes on in Faustus’s mind, or his incessant interior dialogue内心独白. Faustus debates within himself all the while whether it is worthwhile doing what he is doing.
As a popular material in the classic form and gave the drama a new
“mighty line”(as Ben Jonson says of his poetry) has been well known through the ages.
7、William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare is the most popular and most widely respected writer in all English literature.
Shakespeare has been known as a “physical” poet, and his poetry is alive with its sounds, colors, odors气味, and fine textures肌质（the poetic content）. The art of Shakespeare envelopes these poems with a halo光环of permanent fascination.
Shakespeare’s sonnets, 154 in total.
Identity of the people to whom the poems are addressed: a young man, a dark-skinned woman. The sonnets fall essentially into three groupings: over 100 of these seem to be addressed to a young man, some 20 seem to be concerned with a young woman, and of these two read like free translations of a Greek poem of about the fifth century AD.
For their grace in form（形式优美）, depth in thought（深度）, and vivacity in tone（朝气）. They are peerless（无与伦比）in freshness, poetical beauty, and human interest.
They are in essence the Renaissance paean of man（文艺复兴人的赞歌）
Sonnets 18 and 65 both assert the power of literature to combat斗争the ravages of time and declare the greatness of man伟大and his immortality不朽.
[1、get married early 2、write a poem]
His dramatic work is amazing in its variety: 1.the histories and comedies of his early period, 2.the tragedies of the middle or “tragic”period, and 3. the late period of romances or the period of serenity平静.
All these dramas end happily：
A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦
The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人
The Merry Wives of Windsor温莎的风流娘们
As You Like It皆大欢喜
Though Romeo and Juliet is essentially a tragedy and The Merchant of Venice is tragic for Shylock.
All tragedies：
Julius Caesar尤利乌斯?凯撒
Hamlet哈姆雷特
Othello奥赛罗
King Lear李尔王
Macbeth麦克白
Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克里奥佩特拉
Timon of Athens雅典的泰门
The last period of his life was one of emotional tranquility when he must have won through pain and possibly a nervous breakdown to acceptance of the inevitability of life.
戏剧手法：
One dramatic device装置that Shakespeare uses in all his works involves the juxtaposition并置of the comic element喜剧元素alongside the serious.庄谐并置
All the best features of the age find adequate充足的expression in his works.
As to Macbeth, Shakespeare took his story from Holinshed’s Chronicles of Scotland苏格兰编年史and made it into a lucid statement about man and his problems. Shakespeare’s Macbeth is a
complex multi-dimensional多维person.
Macbeth represents the effect of sin and guilt upon the moral fiber of man: he ends with the tragic vision of human existence (Life is a tale/ Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,/ Signifying nothing ). The implication is that evil and sin and greed, all part of human nature, conspire to bring about man’s inevitable helplessness and downfall. It is good to note here that William Faulkner derive from the quotation above the title for his famous novel, The sound and the Fury声音与愤怒.
She turns insane疯狂的, always walking with a candle, always washing an imaginable stain污点on her hands.
Hamlet
Psychoanalytical criticism seems to suggest that the young prince suffers from the Oedipus complex.俄狄浦斯情结·恋母情结
Gloomy prince
The Merchant of Venice is another of Shakespeare’s popular plays. As the story goes, oung Bassanio, who needs money to win the hand of the rich young heiress——Portia, comes to Antonia, a merchant of V enice, for help. Antonio, as he has no ready cash, goes to Shylock, the Jewish usurer, who has been at odds with Antonio because of the competition and racial discrimination he has suffered at his hands.
The characterization of Shylock presents an intriguing ambiguity矛盾混合体.奸商+种族歧视The play is thus a kind of tragicomedy悲喜剧, tragic if we take Shylock’s losses into consideration.
8、Francis Bacon
Bacon’s Essay is the most cogent有说服力的testimony证明，证据to his wisdom and his unique style. The essay form was traceable to the work of the French essayist, Montaigne蒙田, but Bacon’s Essay was the first of its kind to appear in English literature. Bacon drew chiefly on the various phenomena现象of nature and his careful observations and analyses.
It deals with subjects such as truth, love, envy, high position, good nature, riches, ambition, beauty, vainglory虚荣，自负, learning, and politics and economy.
9、Ben Jonson
first literary dictator in English history.
One of these was to bring the classic form of the three unities——unity of action, unity of time
First, a brief sketch of the evolution of the Bible is in order. The Bible consists of two parts——the Old Testament旧约and the New Testament新约.
The whole Bible took final shape around the beginning of the 3rd century.
The Old Testament tells of the history and religious beliefs of the Jews while the New Testament relates the life of Jesus Christ and the birth and the growth of the Christian faith. The word “testament” means “contract”契约, referring here to the one between God and the Jews.
Jesus came on the scene around the first century to challenge the Jewish faith.
The writing of the Bible went through different stages:
1. The oldest Testament was written in Hebrew,
2. while the New Testament was done in Greek. In 270AD 72 Jewish scholars spent 72 days
translating the Old Testament.
3. Toward the end of the 4th century, St. Jerome translated the Septuagint version of the Bible into Latin.
4. John Wycliffe was the first Englishman to render the whole Bible into English.
Thus the most enduring King James’or the Authorized Bible came into being in 1611. It is accurate in sense and beautiful and dignified in language. It has influenced generations of writers in their literary endeavors over the centuries.
五、The 17th Century
1、Then to deal with the disorder混乱that ensued, Oliver Cromwell奥利弗·克伦威尔and his Ironsides moved in, and England became a Protectorate受保护国with Cromwell as its protector With the death of Cromwell in 1658, the country fell once more into anarchy.
Charles I’s son was welcomed back as Charles II. Charles II was an exceptionally evil king. James II saw his day was lost and fled to France. The new king and his wife Mary (James II’s daughter) became the joint ruler of the country. This was known as “the Glorious Revolution,”光荣革命glorious because bloodless. The Bill of Rights权利法案which the new king signed with Parliament议会endowed赠与Parliament as the de facto实际上的ruler of the nation and the king became a titular head虚位元首.
The period under discussion was one of transition.过渡时期The old value system was on its way out, new values were taking shape, and the conflict generated an acute sense of loss. These incidentally constituted the basic features of the literature of the period. The prevalent mood that enveloped literary works was one of gloom, pessimism, decadence, and frivolity. Representing the immoral lifestyle of Charles II’s court in a naked realistic manner with its sex and violence and diverse forms of depravity.堕落
2、John Donne (1571-1631)
His famous works include such poems as “The Flea”跳蚤与爱情, “A Valediction: Forbidden Morning”一个告别演说，
Meditation冥想“All mankind is of one author and is one volume,”and “Any man’s death diminishes me because I am involved in mankind, and therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls.”
His poetry possessed a highly idiosyncratic quality特别气质that reveals a peculiar, brilliant imagination at work.
His type of poetry has been known as Metaphysical Poetry and the group of poets, sharing some of his poetic features, has been called “Metaphysical Poets”玄学派诗人
The “Metaphysical Poets”as a group included George Herbert, Henry Vaughan, Richard
commenting on Donne, feels that Donne loves to play with metaphysics玄学both in his satirical 讽刺的and love poetry.
The basic features of Metaphysical poetry are its “wit”机巧or “conceit”奇喻. “Wit” here means being clever at “yoking”哈哈大笑the most heterogeneous不同的，多样的ideas together by violence so as to impress people (to paraphrase Samuel Johnson’s statement on the subject), and “conceit” denotes a fantastic fancy or way of thinking in the form of peculiar特殊的, ingenious有独创性的, knotty棘手的, many-sided多面的metaphors隐喻.
These people tried to conquer by sheer unconventionality纯粹的异常rather than follow the normal channel of communication.
Donne’s love poems are good examples of Metaphysical poetry.
“The Flea”跳蚤, is disconcertingly fantastic in equating “the flea” with “love”.
Desist from killing it because she would have committed murder谋杀罪, self-murder自杀, and sacrilege亵渎罪: “three sins in killing three”
【诡辩】
Stanza诗的一节
The flea is the most sordid肮脏的，卑鄙的, disgusting令人厌恶的, and hateful parasite寄生虫in the world, while love is the sweetest, noblest, and purest human emotion in life. No one else would have ever thought of the flea as the “marriage bed” and “marriage temple”.
【反差超越】
Donne’s uniqueness lies独特的谎言in this sudden jump from the conventional符合传统的to the unconventional非传统的and metaphysical, and making it appear rational合理的and acceptable.
Another illustrating example is easily found in his “Valediction: Forbidden Mourning”离别辞——节哀
The novelty新奇的事consists in the comparison of two separate lovers to the legs of a compass 圆规. The choice is strangely apt if the readers take into account the fact that the compass is a symbol of both firmness (its legs) and perfection (the circle it draws).两个情人比喻成圆规，必须一个人不懂。
3、John Milton
Milton is regarded as the third greatest English poet after Chaucer and Shakespeare, and the greatest to come out of the 17th century.
Paradise Regained复乐园Paradise Lost失乐园Samson Agonistes力士参孙Lycidas往诗Readers tend to feel after reading the work that Satan is not thoroughly condemned.撒旦不是完全十恶不赦。
Rebellious反抗的actions against God and His scheme.
Milton’内置的模凌
两可in the sensitive complexities敏感的复杂性of the poet’s own inner soul.
Samson Agonistes力士参孙(or the Athlete运动员, the powerful)
Lycidas：It is a pastoral elegy. 田园挽歌An elegy is in English poetry a lament挽歌or meditation冥想often written on the occasion of the death of a loved one.
【世界四大挽歌之一】
4、John Dryden
Samuel Johnson18th英国批评家says Dryden’s contribution to the refining of the English language: “…he found it brick砖, and he left it marble金.”
Dryden has been seen as “the father of English criticism.”英国批评之父
5、John Bunyan约翰·班杨
The Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程is an allegory寓言. It reads like a medieval miracle play with vivid and lively personifications of virtues and vices人性的善恶and all the human qualities in between.
It takes the form of a dream vision on the part of the narrator-author: the whole book, in fact, is the
description of the visions of a dozen dreams.
Main character: Christian
The story is about his effort to find faith and salvation拯救by making his pilgrimage to the Celestial Kingdom天上的王国.
Pilgrim’s Progress abounds充满in acute严重的social criticism. The section on Vanity Fair is one of the best. The Town of Vanity虚荣human vanities on sale for a price (property, status, nations, husbands and wives, souls, honors, lusts and delights)
Notion概念of Vanity Fair名利场was to offer a title for one great Victorian novel, Vanity Fair, by William Makepeace Thackeray. 威廉·梅克比斯·萨克雷
六、The Classic Age古典主义时期：启蒙主义时期enlightenment
1、The 18th century can be neatly subdivided into细分为two halves.
——The first half of the century was essentially centripetal向心的, with all the forces coming together. The British Empire had become one on which the sun never set.
The king’s power was essentially broken after the Glorious Revolution光荣革命of 1688, and the middle class-dominated parliament中产阶级支配的议会could decide who was to be king. ——Troubles began to appear in the second half of the century. The middle class continued its push for more freedom to do business as it pleased.
In the field of literature there existed also a balance between respect for the old and the emergence of new forms, and between reason and emotion.
新古典主义时期【reason, wisdom, self-control】
1）It was a literature of reason理性之美, common sense常识, and repudiation否定of enthusiasm 热情and sentiment情感.
“artificial,” and classic rules were prized and enforced. Hence the nomenclature术语of the century as “the classic age”.
Samuel Johnson
of the 18th
文学下仍有感性的火花。
James Thomson’s Seasons; Oliver Goldsmith’s The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲德的牧师3）At the same time, there were also writers who took a closer look细加观察at the social
4）As a result of the improvement of literacy and with leisure空闲、娱乐now available in life, the demand for literature increased.【这个时期小说的娱乐功能】
The new genre was basically a book telling a story about ordinary life as was lived then, a practice in sharp contrast with the romances of the previous periods which dealt with fantasy and far-away things.
3、Alexander Pope亚历山大·蒲柏
In more than one sense Pope was the most important English poet to come out of the 18th century. Not only in England but in the Europe of his time, and his heroic couplet英雄双韵体, in rhymed
iambic pentameter五步抑扬格, took the stage and became the dominant vogue时尚in poetic creation on both sides of the English Channel.
Pope has been seen as one of the most important English poets ever since.
The heroic couplet became a perfect poetic medium in his hands, so powerful and fascinating in his time that the rest of the world could not but write in the same manner.【《坎特伯雷故事集》Chaucer开始使用】
Pope’s well-known works include his translation of Homer, Essay on Criticism论批评, The Rape of the Lock夺爱/发记, Essay on Man论人, An Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot, and The Dunciad群愚史诗。【诗歌形式写的史诗】
1）The Rape of the Lock夺发记, the mock-epic戏仿史诗（writing technique）of five cantos篇about “a Homeric struggle of the teacups”【反话正说】
One of the most popular, the finest, satiric poems in his country’s history.
2）Essay on Man论人: As an authentic record of the views an values of the 18th century, this “ethic work”伦理作品(as Pope calls it), his philosophical poem.哲理诗。
【Essay随笔: 法国蒙田，培根，蒲柏】
Essay presents a lucid synthesis清晰地合成of Pope’s deliberation on the cosmos对宇宙的思考, the theology, and the ethics of his time.
Man who has reason stands in the middle, between the lower creatures at one end and angles and God at the other.人类双面性，半天使半恶魔
Epistle II discusses human nature and the human condition. In his middle position between God
English literary criticism. Here Pope is famous chiefly not for what he says, but for the way he says it.
——Pope’s essay consists of three parts:
Part I talks about the vital importance of literary criticism and the growth of a good critic.
Part II locates the causes of poor judgments, and traces the major reasons for deficient criticism. “A little learning is a dangerous thing.”一知半解
Part III discusses the ideal character of a critic and the principles of literary criticism, and offers a sketchy history粗略的历史of European literary criticism and a summary of the character of the best critics.
4、Thomas Gray托马斯·格雷
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌/乡村墓园哀歌
【世界四大挽歌之一】
him a desirable candidate候选人
It started the tradition of graveyard poetry墓地诗歌in English and American literature. The general mode is melancholy忧郁and meditative沉思.
5、Oliver Goldsmith
The Deserted Village荒村: The modernization of agriculture has increased wealth for a few but has driven most of the former independent yeoman farmers自耕农to shiftlessness无能and poverty. The good old pastoral牧歌way of life vanishes消失、弱化never to return.
The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲德的牧师: It is a sentimental work感伤主义作品based on the moral vision of man as innocent and kind.
6、Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德·布林斯莱·谢立丹
The Rivals情敌and The School for Scandal造谣学校are in historical perspective历史展望two of the three best comedies to come out of the 18th century.
【18th三大喜剧之三：哥尔德斯密斯高士密的《屈身求爱》 She Stoops to Conquer】
The School for Scandal made him famous and rich. It is a five-act comedy of manners.风尚喜剧It begins with the names of the characters.人物名字起始，名字代表性格。
七、Movement toward Romanticism前浪漫主义
1、Romantic Revival arose in the latter half of the 18th century, against classicism. The pre-romantic poetry was ushered (introduced) by Percy, McPherson and Chatterton and represented by Blake and Burns.
The 18th century raged forward with the heroic couplet and almost outlawed剥夺all other forms. Thomason’s The Seasons四季and Edward Young’s Night Thoughts夜思, both written in the
The seasons四季juxtaposes its discussions nicely with its descriptions.夹叙夹议的方式
3、Edward Young爱德华·杨
Night Thoughts夜思is noted for its psychological probings心理探究and its mixing of personal sentiments个人情感with religious deliberations宗教审议.
4、William Cowper威廉·科博
He is satirical讽刺性的of social ills批判社会痛and compassionate富有同情心的to the lower strata of society社会下层.
“The Time-Piece时间的间隔” is a satire on the political institutions政治制度of the day.
5、George Crabbe乔治·克雷布
The Village written in response to Goldsmith’s poetic reflection of回想country life in his The Deserted Village.
6、William Blake
代表前浪漫主义
Blake was an important landmark路标in between two literary periods, pointing directly to that of Romanticism.
He developed his own views about religion, mysticism, and the major events of his time——the American and French revolution.
Songs of Innocence天真之歌(孩童之歌语言简明，孩子都看得懂) and Songs of Experience经验之歌, are his voluminous prophetic and mystical writings.寓言性和神秘性，充满圣经意象Stress man’s revolt against common moral standards for regeneration.反抗普通道德标准
Blake kept his attack on traditional theology and moral codes.传统理念和道德模式
He is noted for his originality both in theme and form.以原则而知名，在主题和形式——Innocence and Experience denote two different phases of human life with the different states of the human soul as the little.
——Generally Songs of Innocence reveals a pair of innocent eyes, those of a child, looking at life and the world, while the later sequence shows clearly a different mode of perception, that of the adult, as a result of the cumulative experience through which the poet lived in the intervening years.【对法国大革命的回响，儿童纯洁的眼光打量世界】
——Songs of Innocence such as “Infant婴儿的Joy”, “The Blossom”, “The Lamb”, and “The
Divine Image”上帝的形象
——Songs of Experience “Infant sorrow”, “The Sick Rose”, “The Tiger”(权利的象征), and “The Human Abstract”人类的形象
There are in addition the two poems both entitled “The Chimney Sweeper”打扫烟囱的孩子, the two both entitled “A Little Lost Boy”, and other similar instances in which the mood and the tone change form happy to gloomy.
“The Lamb” and “The Tiger” form a natural contrast in every possible sense of the term.
Social criticism社会批评becomes more apparent in the poems such as “The Sick Rose”and “London”.
Supernatural （“night”and “storm”）in its destructive force.破坏的力量
7、Robert Burns
代表前浪漫主义
My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心在高原
“A Red, Red Rose”“Tam O’Shanter”
八、18th-Century fiction
【总结下18th: 代表词是理性和启蒙reason and logic and common sense
除了：Pre-Romanticism前浪漫主义：Robert Burns and William Black】
【enlightenment and science are key words, exploration and colonial expansion】
1、The 18th century was one in which the novel as a genre prospered not only in the practice, but also in the theory of the craft工艺. The writers developed the realistic method of presentation and brought story-telling infinitely closer to the real life as lived by the real people.现实主义，贴近当下生活
They tried to approximate the behavior of the people of flesh and blood, 呈现有血有肉的生活and in language, they tried to borrow from the common speech of the people.借鉴与民众生活语言They had nothing but the real world to replicate复制品in their writings.
Defoe, Richardson and Fielding were among the most conscious literary artists.
Fielding’s theory proved to be the most far-reaching and seminal in its influence on the evolution of the genre.问题改革
Richardson’s exploration of the inner world of his character pointed forward to the birth of the psychological novel in the latter part of the 19th century.19世纪心理小说
2、Jonathan Swift
A Modest Proposal一个小小的建议merits special mention here because it is one of the most caustic satires ever written in literary history.
Swift made a “modest” proposal, that Irish babies should be reared and cut and sold as food for the British rich to help earn money and alleviate the misery痛苦of their poor parents.
Swift finds value in the use of language and insists on choosing the right word for the right place to make it do its utmost work.文体学家：恰当的词放在恰当的地方
Gulliver’s Travels格列夫游记（启蒙时代的原形）：This is a savage satire残酷的讽刺in the form of a fabulous travelogue.精彩的游记
四个部分
I、A V oyage to Lilliput小人国their adults being as tall as some six inches, but every bit as evil in behavior as men of the normal size.
The two struggling parties, Tramecksan and Slamecksan, distinguish one another by the high or
low heels they wear on their shoes. Slamecksan or the low-heelers
II、A V oyage to Brobdingnag大人国recaptures Gulliver’s visit to a land of giants
The English people are the most pernicious有害的race of little odious vermin可恶的害虫that nature has ever suffered to crawl爬行upon the surface of the earth.
III、of 10 chapters, “A V oyage to Laputa, Balnibari, Glubbdubdrib, Luggnagg, and Japan”
One of these is Laputa, a flying island,飞岛a vast opaque透明的body flying in the sky, on which a curious-looking race of philosophers and mathematicians live.【飞岛人都是哲学家】IV、A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms人形动物
Human-like creatures——the Yahoos
The Yahoos look every bit human but be have exactly like animals
For the Swiftian book is a vast construct of delicate yet strenuous irony, which stems from the implied discrepancy between Gulliver and the author. Gullliver is fitted out as an archetypal man of the enlightenment.启蒙时代的原型
3、Daniel Defoe丹尼尔·笛福
Defoe was born into a Protestant新教徒background and detested the repressive rule of the Anglican Church and the Roman Catholic.
As a businessman, he was no success
Robinson Crusoe鲁兵逊漂流记
Common people with real common names and speak as “I”第一人称写故事
First-person narrative
Increase the realistic effect
Individual character个人写照
Leave the traditional notions概念of romances, fables. Legends, and myths behind and blaze a new trail 新途径for the genre
The middle class had been growing in wealth and influence and engaged in a power struggle with the monarchy君主专权and aristocracy世袭, the historic magnitude of which it might not have comprehended理解，克制yet. Middle class values were steadily becoming dominant in social life, such as its emphasis on moderation, temperance, self-reliance, and the work ethic, and would soon prevail in national life.
The 18th-century emphasis on society, a middle class value, is well illustrated in Robinson’s effort to build a “community” on the island.
The book is a typical Puritan tale.清教徒的故事
Middle class——adventure, self-directing自我指导, and colonizing殖民.
Robinson, the perseverance忍耐，坚持and indomitableness不屈不挠of the human spirit. It is this quality in the character that remains eternally charming and great.长盛不衰，彰显人类精神4、Samuel Richardson
Pamela帕梅拉Virtue Rewarded美善德报
5、Henry Fielding
The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews约瑟夫·安德鲁斯的冒险的历史（冒险是时代主旋律）
Tom Jones汤姆·琼斯, the Foundling弃儿
九、The Romantic Period
【浪漫主义时期Romanticism，It’s a worldwide movement about art and literature, especially in
Europe. It is a golden age of poetry.】浪漫主义是诗歌的黄金时代，英国的浪漫主义只要是诗歌而非小说。
【Key word: emotion, feeling】
The Romantic Movement was international in the 19th century. It happened differently in different countries.
1、In France it occurred after the Napoleonic wars拿破仑战争were over, with such notable figures as Hugo,雨果Lamartine拉马丁, and George Sand乔治·桑on the scene.
In Germany there were Geothe歌德and Schiller席勒,
and in Russia Pushkin普希金and Lermontov.莱蒙托夫
American Romanticism came some 30 years later than its European counterpart.Irving, 欧文Cooper,库伯（小说家）Poe,艾伦·波Hawthorne, Melville, Emerson,艾默生（大白鲸）Thoreau, 索罗（瓦尔登湖）Whitman, and Dickinson were among the most familiar American Romantic writers.
“All men are created equal.”人生而平等。
2、William Wordsworth
Lyrical Ballads抒情诗谣集标志着浪漫主义的开始[William Wordsworth和Samuel Taylor Coleridge合作]
As they lived close to the lake area in these poets have been called “the Lakers”湖畔诗人
The Lyrical Ballads is a monumental work in the history of English poetry.
1798 第一版
The preface前言was revised further for the 3rd edition of the book that came out in 1802. In this preface, William Wordsworth explains his theory of valid language for poetry, new and revolutionary in nature, one that impacted the poetry writing of the time tremendously.对当时作家影响很大。
It was as manifesto宣言for Romantic poetry.
Coleridge是Wordsworth的姐夫
Wordsworth emphasizes, in the preface, the fact that his language and diction is “very different”. Poetic language诗歌语言must be a selection of the language really used by the people. Such a language is free of the influence of social vanity, and is therefore more permanent and philosophical. He also insists that poetic language should not be essentially different from prose
According to Wordsworth, poetry some from emotions, not from reason; it deals with feelings,
humanity and his times, has very deep feelings, and is able to recollect these powerful emotions and writes.
Another of Wordsworth’s basic beliefs is that the subject of poetry should be different from that of the previous age. The subject should come from the “incidents and situations from common life”;
poetic diction and the coloring of the imagination should enable people to see the incidents in a new light, enable them to see the primary laws of human nature, and show them how to see, understand and enjoy their lives and judge them.
Wordsworth has been known as a famous nature poet.自然诗人
3、Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Coleridge was a rare genius in the history of English literature.
Kubla Khan 写了忽必烈汗，充满东方色彩
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner老水手谣
The 7-part narrative poem tells a rather spooky story. The old sailor goes out to sea, kills an albatross for no apparent reason, brings doom to all his fellow crew, and lives on alone only to endure a perpetual spiritual suffering.
He has to retell his tale of woe over and over in order to expiate his sin and feel better.减轻罪责4、Walter Scott
诗人小说家，历史小说而知名
The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border苏格兰周边的歌谣
Scott’s historical novels cover a wide range of subjects.
Some of his novels deal with the history of England such as Ivanhoe（艾凡赫，劫后英雄传）and The Woodstock.伍德斯托克
The most famous of his fictions have come to be known as his “Waverley”威弗利novels.
5、Jane Austen
六部小说：
Sense and Sensibility理智与情感，Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见, Mansfield Park，Emma, Northanger Abby, and Persuasion.
十、Summit of Romanticism
1、【Byron—rebellion叛乱Shelley—deep-thinking沉思冥想Keats-—beauty唯美quiet宁静】
撒旦派诗人
The younger romantics formed a separate group独立的存在from the older ones, or the Lakers. “the Satanic Scholl”撒旦派a school for romantic poem
The label is good for the rebellious Byron and Shelley who looked as if they were setting out to upset the system. It is not quite appropriate for the quiet Keats.
They were all young, brilliant, endowed with an unusual gift, and wrote to leave a rich legacy behind and left the scene almost as soon as they came. They between them represented and outburst of creative energy not repeated in history ever since.
2、Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
Associated with the group was a young woman author, daughter of the socialist thinker William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft——the vociferous first-generation feminist in English history. Frankenstein the Modern Prometheus现代普罗米修斯
3、George Gordon Byron
Byron was born, clubfooted歪脚and handsome. He inherited the title of the baron from his great granduncle.叔祖
Help free the Greek from the Turkish rule.帮助希腊脱离土耳其统治
He is still remembered today among the Greek as their national hero. Byron fought all his life for
the liberty of the individual as well as the nation. All his life he was harassed by conservative public opinion. He was truly a rebellious revolutionary spirit. Make a lot of noise but has little substance.物质He was so closely tied up with his period that the concerns of his works are not immediately relevant to other times any more. He is lacking in depth, and although he locates the ills of his age, he fails to prescribe cures.
Byron created a hero of his own type, the Byron hero, handsome, chivalrous,骑士精神energetic, pathetic, 引起怜悯的lonely, remorseful懊悔的over a sin, gloomy忧郁and misanthropic, 愤世嫉俗sexually free, and capable of generous acts and magnanimity.换宏大量
Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage公子哈罗德的朝圣之旅,Don Juan唐璜,The Giaour异教徒,The Corsair书名,Lara——all long narrative poems of exotic beauty describing rebellious characters, Manfred.曼弗雷德
1)Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage公子哈罗德的朝圣之旅was the poem that made the poet immediately famous on both sides of the English Channel: “I woke up one morning and found myself famous”一夜成名【自传体式作品，拜伦的游历+想象的加工】
The poem contains four cantos篇of 156 Spenserian Stanzas. The autobiographical approach自传式：
ababbcbcc 9行压3韵
2) Don Juan
It is Byron’s masterpiece. It is a mock-epic戏仿史诗, possibly the only great long epic poem in English. The “Don Juan” in the title of the poem is the name of a Spanish legendary figure with an almost superhuman sexual energy. In Byron’s poem Don Juan comes from Serville, Spain.
Isles of Greece 《哀希腊》
Devote his love to revolution of Greek
Reveal the hypocrisy and cruelty of the English polite society揭示了英国上流社会的虚伪和残酷
4、Percy Bysshe Shelley
Shelley is an idealistic and prophetic Romantic.理想主义的预言诗。
His most famous lyrical drama, Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯
Ode to the West Wind西风颂
It can be seen as his signature poem. It is his representative work both in theme and form, forcefully prophetic in its fighting spirit and singular in its lyrical beauty.
Regarded as an apt metaphor for the storm of revolution in the human world.
The poem, composed in iambic pentameter, consists of five stanzas of 14 lines each,5节14行or four 3-line sub-stanzas 4个3行为一小节plus one 2-line couplet sub-stanza.结尾句对句There are many run-on lines跨行and sub-stanzas跨小节句子, which suit well the depiction of the unruly wind不羁的风and the onrush of emotion.突进的情感
西风的象征A symbol of west wind：
1、destroy the old systems, society and things
2、The symbol of human revolution in the storm
“hear”appearing in the last line of the stanza. It describes the power of the west wind and its double role as both destroy and preserver.
Destroy of the old; preserver of the new
The poem ends upon a note of confidence and hope.
In the original of the myth which is detailed in the classic tragedy of Aeschylus埃斯库罗斯（希腊的诗人及悲剧作家）——Prometheus Bound被缚的普罗米修斯（书名）
To a Sky Lark一个天空云雀
A Defense of Poetry为诗歌辩护
5、John Keats济慈
Making a life-long quest for eternal beauty in art一生都在追求艺术的永恒之美
He was born for the pursuit of beauty.
He loved “the principle of beauty in all things” .
He had a sharp eye for colors and a keen ear for rhythms and sounds, and a rare capacity to bring out the magic of words.
His sole object in life was to look for beauty, and he was a pure poet.纯诗人
“Truth is beauty, beauty is truth.”美即真，真即美as he expresses it compactly is his “Ode on a Crecian Urn” 希腊古瓮颂
“Ode to a Nightingale” is one of Keats’ masterworks.
To Autumn致秋天
The Eve of St.Agnes圣前夕
十一、The Victorian Period
1、The Victorian period spans跨越well over half a century. The country changed from an agricultural to an industrialized nation. It became more urbanized, cities grew in size, and villages declined.
In 1859 Charles Darwin appeared on the scene with his theory of evolution.
Features:
1) The growth of the middle class
2) The development of a very conservative kind of morality: People became prudish正经的and squeamish神经质的about life in general and about sex and love in particular.对性和爱保守
3）The predominance of the moral aesthetic that proved binding to most Victorian writers: moralize论道德and edify开导. The duty of a writer is to spread and confirm established values and help people behave accordingly.
Tennyson himself exhibited “two voices” in his poetry——one public and one private, but he kept his private one in check.
4) The wide currency of utilitarianism实用主义盛行
5）The advent of the theory of evolution: Charles Darwin——The Origin of Species “the survival of the fittest”
6) Faith in progress and a sense of earnestness故作正经
2、Victorian Prose教文
Golden period for fictions 科幻小说
3、Thomas Carlyle
His works were so powerful that they affected a whole generation of writers such as Tennyson, Dickens, Ruskin, and George Eliot.
Carlyle helped form the moral aesthetic of his age and reinforce the feeling that writers should write to instill ideas first. 双念先行
Past and Present The Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdrockh
Victorian Periods
Male-dominated morality-oriented Charles Dickens
Basically optimistic
George Eliot
Sensitive
Thomas Hardy
The most passive
Third-person omniscient第三人称全能视角Aesthetic Movement 唯美主义运动
赞美老师的诗句150句
赞美老师的诗句 赞美教师的诗句（一）： 1、随风潜入夜，润物细无声。——杜甫《春夜喜雨》 2、自闻颖师弹，起坐在一旁。——韩愈《听颖师弹琴》 3、落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花。——龚自珍《己亥杂诗·其五》 4、新竹高于旧竹枝，全凭老干为扶持。——郑燮《新竹》 5、偶应非熊兆，尊为帝者师。——刘基《题太公钓渭图》 6、令公桃李满天下，何用堂前更种花。——白居易《奉和令公绿野堂种花》 7、摇落深知宋玉悲，风流儒雅亦吾师。——杜甫《咏怀古迹五首·其二》 8、春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干。——李商隐《无题·相见时难别亦难》 赞美教师的诗句（二）： 1、甘为孺子育英才，克勤尽力细心裁。 2、古之学者必严其师，师严然后道尊。 3、令公桃李满天下，何用堂前更种花。 4、三尺讲台，三寸舌，三寸笔，三千桃李十年树木，十载风，十载雨，十万栋梁。 5、谆谆如父语，殷殷似友亲。 6、明年再有新生者，十万龙孙绕凤池。 7、桃礼不言，下自成蹊。 8、无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。 9、玉壶存冰心，朱笔写师魂。 10、天子号仁圣，任贤如事师。 11、随风潜入夜，润物细无声。 12、天长地久有时尽，师恩绵绵无绝期。 13、轻盈数行字，浓抹一生人。 14、明年再有新生者，十丈龙孙绕凤池。 15、学贵得师，亦贵得友。 16、师者，所以传道，授业，解惑也。 17、黑发积霜织日月，粉笔无言写春秋。 18、自闻颖师弹，起坐在一旁。 19、摇落深知宋玉悲，风流儒雅亦吾师。 20、新竹高于旧竹枝，全凭老干为扶持。 21、灵师不挂怀，冒涉道转延。 22、鹤发银丝映日月，丹心热血沃新花。 23、仰之弥高，钻之弥坚。 24、落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花。 25、蹇蹇三事，师师百僚。 26、东宫白庶子，南寺远禅师。何处遥相见，心无一事时。 27、身为世范，为人师表。 28、灵师皇甫姓，胤胄本蝉联。 29、王师未报收东郡，城阙秋生画角哀。 30、军装乘晓发，师律候春归。 31、经师易遇，人师难遇。 32、师住稽亭高处寺，斜廊曲阁倚云开。
《我最好的老师》课文原文阅读
科学精神是科学家从事研究工作不可缺少的。对我们来说，科学精神也需要在日常生活、学习中一点一滴地培养。默读下面的课文，想一想，课文讲了一件怎样的事？作者为什么说怀特森先生是他“最好的老师”？你喜欢这样的老师吗？ 21 * 我最好的老师 怀特森先生是我六年级时的科学课老师。他是一个很有个性的人，教学方法独特，常常有出人意料的举动。记得第一天上课，他给我们讲授的是一种名叫“猫猬兽”的动物。她说这种动物一般在夜间活动，因为不能适应自然条件的变化而绝种了。他一面侃侃而谈，一面让我们传看一个颅骨。我们全都认真做了笔记，然后是随堂测验。 当他把卷子发下来的时候，我惊得目瞪口呆，因为在我写下的每一个答案后面，竟然都被画上了一个刺眼的红叉叉。我得的是零分！可这不公平，因为每一道题都是根据我的课堂笔记回答的。而且，吃惊的并不是我一个人，我们班上的所有同学都得了零分。 “很简单，”怀特森先生说，“关于猫猬兽的一切，都是我故意编造出来的。这种动物从来就没有存在过。因此，你们记在笔记本上的，全部是错误的信息。难道你们根据错误的信息得出的错误答案，还应该得分不成？” 不用说，我们全都气炸了。这算什么测验？怀特森算哪门子老师？ 怀特森先生似乎根本不理会我们的心情。他说，每一个人都应该具有独立思考和独立判断事物真伪的能力，同时也应该具有怀疑的能力。他告诉我们，当时他让我们传看的只是一个普普通通的猫的头骨盖，并且，就在那堂课上他还提醒过我们：到目前为止，世界上从来没有发现过这种动物的痕迹——那么这个头骨盖是从哪儿来的呢？当时我们中间居然没有一个人提出疑问。“其实我的破绽还有很多。其中包括猫猬兽这个古怪的名字，你们却都深信不疑。”为此他特别强调，本次测验的零分纪录都将写进每个人的成绩报告单。同时，他希望我们从这个零分中吸取教训，不要让自己的脑子睡大觉，一旦发现问题，就应该立刻指出来。 从此，科学课对于我们来说就成了一种“冒险”。怀特森先生总是想方设法让我们来接受他的挑战。有时，为了驳倒他的一个貌似正确的“论点”，我们常常会在课后花好几个小时甚至几天的时间去思考和论证。然而，正是在一个个饶有趣味又充满刺激的过程中，我们逐渐增长了见识，也逐渐懂得了如何去接近真理。 这是一种终身受益的教训。怀特森先生让我还有我的同学明白了一个重要的道理：不要迷信书本，也不要迷信权威。 当然，并不是所有的人都能够理解怀特森先生的做法。有一次，我把怀特森先生的方法介绍给一位朋友。他听后吓坏了，说：“他怎么能够这样来糊弄你们呢？”我立刻看着那位朋友的眼睛，并告诉他：“不，你的看法错了。”
献给老师的诗(组诗)
献给老师的诗（组诗） 《播种人》 是哪个播种人，走在大地播下我们内心的火种？ 种子从他紧握的粉笔 落在 沃土上 荒地上 它们静静地睡在那儿 有一天，播种人推开窗户思想的树向四面开花 《火柴》 你划亮火柴，火焰 让你眼花缭乱 在黑暗中点燃前进的方向那根火柴在你的手指间燃尽你却忘记了疼痛 你不会发现 在我心里，你是一根火柴 《灯塔》 我们开始出发 不管，世界的黑暗 一座正消失的灯塔 在我背后 你说，向南 看见我就不会迷路 谁在我的耳朵里 悄声低语： 哦，伟大的灯塔 《粉笔》 听 在沉默之中 没有沉默： 粉笔
我 思想 《磨刀的人》 磨刀的人 五十四岁，一脸深深的皱纹 和他手中那块光滑的磨刀石 形成强烈的对比 问他，磨过多少把刀？ 他摇了摇头说 只知道磨掉了一生的岁月 所有的刀越磨越薄 他起茧的双手却是 越磨越厚 一块石头在他眼中是宝石 这就是，世界的最高处 《献给老师的诗》 此刻我说着这首诗，以庄严而平稳的声调来赞美你。那吹号于远方的东西 我赞美—— 播种人、火柴、灯塔、粉笔、磨刀的人因为，他们就是你 我赞美你，不是因为今天是你的节日 在我翻耕的土地上处处飘散有你的气息譬如我写下这首诗，没有你们 白纸上我只能保持沉默 裂变的时代。你们的身影 在讲台与学生之间飞翔 灵魂的天堂。思想的火花 你用手指轻轻一指，说 对岸才是你们要去的地方 整个世界，的确 只有你将世界打扮 献给教师的诗 送您一束鲜花
表达我们对您的敬意; 送您一首动听的歌曲, 给您带来一丝甜蜜. 老师——您辛苦了, 是您带我们走过风雨, 是您用知识的营养将我们哺育, 却从来不求回报与索取. 是您给我们解答一道道难题, 是您告诉我们: 遇到困难时, 不要轻易说放弃. 从此我们的生命中, 随时充满了欢喜. 少了许多烦恼, 增添了一份坚毅. 又是一个收获的秋季, 您仍紧握手中彩色的画笔. 描绘着美好的蓝图, 滋润着祖国的桃李. 深夜里您还在认真地备课, 睡梦中您仍回味着我们成功的乐趣. 我们是春天里盛开的鲜花, 是您给我们奏出美妙的旋律. 您是辛勤的园丁, 我们会牢记您的谆谆话语. 走好生命中的每一步, 友爱,健美,求实,进取!
《我的老师》原文阅读及答案
《我的老师》原文阅读及答案 我的老师 ①春天又到了。 ②柳枝染上了嫩绿，在春风里尽情飘摆，舒展着自己的腰身。迎春花举起金黄的小喇叭，向着春天吹奏着生命之歌。蓝天上,—架架风筝在同白云戏耍,引得无数的人仰望天穹，让自己的心也飞上云端。 ③这时候，我就会情不自禁地想起我的刘老师，想起他放入天空的风筝。 ④刘老师教我们历史课。他有一条强壮的右腿，而左腿从膝以下全部截去，靠一根被用得油亮的圆木棍支撑。有一次，他讲课讲到女娲造人的时候，笑着对我们说：“女娲用手捏泥人捏得累了，便用树枝沾起泥巴向地上甩，甩到地上的泥巴也变成人。由于女娲甩的力量太大了，有的人甩丢了腿和胳膊。我就是那时候被她甩掉了一条腿的。”教室里自然腾起一片笑声，但笑过之后，每个学生的心头都泛起一股酸涩的感情，同时更增添了对刘老师的尊敬。 ⑤他只靠着健壮的右腿和一根木棍，一天站上好几个小时，为我们讲课。写板书的时候，他用木棍撑地，右腿离地，身体急速地一转，便转向黑板。写完了粗壮的粉笔字，又以拐杖为圆心再转向讲台。一个年过半百的老师，一天不知道要这样跳跃旋转多少次。而他每次的一转，都引起学生们一次激动的心跳。
⑥他的课讲得极好。讲到历代的民族英雄，他慷慨陈词，使我们激动得落泪。讲到祖国近代史上受屈辱的岁月，他常常哽咽，使我们沉重地低下头去。后来，我考入大学历史系，和刘老师 * 有极大的关系。 ⑦他喜欢在课堂上让学生们述说自己学习的心得。倘若有同学说得流畅、深刻，他便，静静地伫立在教室一角，微仰着头，眯起眼睛，细细地听，仿佛在品味一首美妙的乐曲。然后，又好像从沉醉中醒来，长舒一口气，满意地在记分册上写下分数，大声地说：“好!满分!”倘若有同学说得不好，他便瞪大眼睛，关切地瞧着同学，一边细声说：“别紧张，想想，想想，再好好想想。”一边不住地点头，好像那每一次点头都能给学生一些鼓励。这情景，今天想起来，依旧那么清晰，那么亲切。 ⑧然而，留给我印象最深的，还是刘老师每年春天放风筝的情景。 ⑨当一天的功课做完，暮色还没有笼罩校园上空的时候，常常有成群的学生到操场上来看他放风笋。他的腿自然不便于奔跑，然而，他绝不肯失去亲手把风筝送入蓝天的欢乐。他总是让学生远远地擎着风筝，他喊声：“起!”便不断扯动手中的线绳，那纸糊的燕子便抖起翅膀，翩翩起舞，直窜入云霄。他笑着，叫着，拄着拐杖，仰望白云，看那青黑的小燕在风中翱翔盘旋，脸上飘起得意十足的稚气，仿佛他的心也一齐跃上了蓝天。那时候，我常常站在他旁边，看着他的脸，我觉得他不是一位老人，而是一个同我一样的少年。年过五十的
关于感恩老师的诗歌(30首)
关于感恩老师的诗歌（30首）俗语有云：“三人行，必有我师焉。”从小到大，生命中那些给我们以循循善诱、谆谆教诲的恩师们，有的兴许已经失去了联系，有的成为了你遇到难题时会想听建议的益友。但无论如何，不要因毕业的那顿谢师宴而从此把对老师的感恩画上句点。感恩，应该是一支细水长流般的曲子，随时在风中吟唱…… 您，是黑夜的启明星。 您，是白昼的晴空。 您，是骄阳下的清风。 您，是雨中的屋檐。 您，是大海; 您，是山川。 是您塑造了我的灵魂。 您，是载送卫星的火箭。 您，是海上的罗盘针。 您，是投入， 您，是付出。 您就是我们最敬爱的老师。 多少年季节轮回，多少个春夏秋冬， 你是红烛燃烧着亮丽的生命，
奉献几多血和汗，不求青史留英名， 你用真情传播着智慧的火种。 就象那春蚕献出一生的忠诚， 就象那冬梅吟唱着早春的歌声。 多少个不眼之夜，多少次灯光长明， 你在漫漫的长夜里有伏案的身影， 青丝之间添华发，三尺讲台荡笑声， 你用友爱缩短着心与心的路程。 你是那阳光融化冷漠的冰雪， 你是那向导引人走出科学的迷宫。 啊!光荣的教师，辛勤的园丁! 桃李芬芳是你的欢乐，默默奉献无私的心灵。啊!光荣的教师，辛勤的园丁! 桃李芬芳是你的欢乐，默默奉献无私的心灵。一块黑板 三尺讲台 是您挥洒人生的天地 我们在您的天地里茁壮的成长 一支支粉笔 在您的手里 变幻成了黑板上的字 又变成了我们的头脑里的知识
一根根教鞭 在您的面前 不断的飘舞 把那些做人的道理飘进了我们的心里您没有雄健的体魄 却给我们撑起了一片无雨的天空 您没有建筑师的双手 却给我们奠定了最坚实的基石 您没有艺术家的眼光 却给我们建起了一座座雄伟的大厦您那渊博的知识 让我们感受文明与希望 您那高远的胸怀 让我们懂得宽容与忍让 您那高尚的人格 深深影响着我们的心灵 感谢您老师 我们真诚的感谢您 您就像那一支默默的蜡烛 燃烧了自己却照亮了别人 有您的光明的指引 我们不会在黑暗中迷失方向
《我的老师》课文说明_模板
《我的老师》课文说明_模板 一、这篇文章系节选，原文有四千多字，写了三个教师。作者说过：该文“是《教师报》一个熟人热情索稿‘逼’出来的。然而，又不能说是‘逼’出来的，‘硬’写出来的。因为在动笔之前，我确实回到我的童年，或者说沉入到我的童年，对那时的儿童世界作了一番遨游。这样，童年时遇到的几个老师，便浮现在我的眼前。尤其是我写的那位蔡老师，又重新激动着我的感情。可以说，那篇文章是真情实感。” 本文是一篇回忆性散文。作者回忆了儿童时代生活在老师身边的几件小事，抒发了对老师热爱、感激之情，揭示了蔡老师美好的心灵。作者是用童心回忆往事的，叙事中融入了儿童自然而纯真的感受，使得那些普普通通的小事十分生动、感人。 二、作者回忆了七件小事。即：蔡老师假装发怒；教我们跳舞；让我们观察蜜蜂；教我们读诗；对老师的依恋；老师正确处理“我”与同学间的纠纷；梦中寻师。这七件小事的顺序是，从课内到课外，从校内到校外，从平时到假期，全面展现蔡老师爱学生的美好心灵，更表现了学生对老师的爱。这七件小事，前五件略写，后两件详写。这样安排，既使文章结构疏密相间，更表现出师生感情的步步加深。 三、本文开头、结尾简洁明快又蕴含深情。用“最使我难忘的，是我小学时候的女教师蔡芸芝先生”开头，立即进入回忆。用“可惜我没上完初小，就转到县立五小上学去了，从此，我就和蔡老师分别了”结尾，充满了惋惜、依恋之情。开头、结尾不仅从内容上呼应，而且使爱老师的感情贯穿全文。 《我的老师》课文说明由范文先生网教案频道https://搜集整理，版权归作者所有,转载请注明出处! 教学目的： 1、掌握本文的生字新词，理解文中两个古诗文小段。 2、灵活运用速读、默读、朗读等阅读方式阅读课文。 3、学习邓稼先将个人生命奉献给祖国国防事业的崇高情怀。 教学重点： 用速读、默读、朗读等阅读方式阅读课文。 教学难点： 1、第一部分写百年屈辱史的用意；
赞美老师的诗句大全
赞美老师的诗句大全 导读：本文是关于赞美老师的诗句大全的文章，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享！ 1、东宫白庶子，南寺远禅师。——白居易《远师》 2、师住稽亭高处寺，斜廊曲阁倚云开。——张籍《送稽亭山寺僧》 3、自闻颖师弹，起坐在一旁。——韩愈《听颖师弹琴》 4、相逢一见太匆匆，校内繁花几度红。厚谊常存魂梦里，深恩永志我心中。——佚名《七绝·师恩难忘》 5、灵师皇甫姓，胤胄本蝉联。——韩愈《送灵师》 6、九州生气恃风雷，万马齐喑究可哀。我劝天公重抖擞，不拘一格降人才。——龚自珍《己亥杂诗》 7、为人堂堂正正，做事磊落光明。汇集四方英雄，师出有名，天下任我纵横。——佚名《天净沙六首·管仲图》 8、弟子事师，敬同于父，习其道也，学其言语。忠臣无境外之交，弟子有柬修之好。一日为师，终身为父。——罗振玉《鸣沙石室佚书·太公家教》 9、玉壶存冰心，朱笔写师魂。——冰心《冰心》 10、偶应非熊兆，尊为帝者师。——刘基《题太公钓渭图》 11、群峭碧摩天，逍遥不记年。拨云寻古道，倚树听流泉。花暖青牛卧，松高白鹤眠。语来江色暮，独自下寒烟。——李白《寻雍
尊师隐居》 12、字斟句酌细推敲，拈精撮要费咀嚼。半亩方塘长流水，呕心沥血育新苗。——佚名《板书有感》 13、春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干。——李商隐《无题·相见时难别亦难》 14、教子教女，辛勤半辈。满头白发，甘乳一生。——佚名《师蚕》 15、绿野堂开占物华，路人指道令公家。令公桃李满天下，何用堂前更种花。——白居易《奉和令公绿野堂种花》 16、灵师不挂怀，冒涉道转延。——韩愈《送灵师》 17、天子号仁圣，任贤如事师。——杜牧《雪中书怀》 18、欲求贤才栋梁，天空陆地海洋。半世东奔西忙，今又远航，路遥山高水长。——佚名《天净沙六首·源远流长图》 19、新竹高于旧竹枝，全凭老干为扶持。明年再有新生者，十丈龙孙绕凤池。——佚名《新竹》 20、军装乘晓发，师律候春归。——苏颋《奉和圣制幸望春宫送朔方大总管张仁亶》 21、胸怀万里世界，放眼无限未来。挥洒旷世奇才，重上瑶台，天地为之惊骇。——佚名《天净沙六首·逸仙图》 22、令公桃李满天下，何用堂前更种花。——白居易《奉和令公绿野堂种花》 23、北虏坏亭障，闻屯千里师。——杜牧《雪中书怀》
首赞美老师的诗歌
首赞美老师的诗歌 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
精选13首赞美老师的诗歌13首赞美老师的诗歌，献上对老师的敬仰和祝福！ 1. 送您一束鲜花 表达我们对您的敬意； 送您一首动听的歌曲， 给您带来一丝甜蜜。 老师——您辛苦了， 是您带我们走过风雨， 是您用知识的营养将我们哺育， 却从来不求回报与索取。 是您给我们解答一道道难题， 是您告诉我们： 遇到困难时， 不要轻易说放弃。
从此我们的生命中， 随时充满了欢喜。 少了许多烦恼， 增添了一份坚毅。 又是一个收获的秋季， 您仍紧握手中彩色的画笔。 描绘着美好的蓝图， 滋润着祖国的桃李。 深夜里您还在认真地备课， 睡梦中您仍回味着我们成功的乐趣。我们是春天里盛开的鲜花， 是您给我们奏出美妙的旋律。 您是辛勤的园丁， 我们会牢记您的谆谆话语。 走好生命中的每一步，
友爱，健美，求实，进取！ 2.老师的眼睛 老师的眼睛，像夜晚的月亮， 我们是一颗颗星星， 在老师的微笑里， 闪烁闪烁。 老师的眼睛，像一望无际的海洋。我们是一条条小鱼， 在老师的怀抱里， 快乐的游来游去。 老师的眼睛，像蓝色的天空。 我们是一朵一朵白云。 在她的注视下， 自由的飘来飘去， 老师的眼睛，像一面镜子。
能照亮我们的心灵。 3. 老师像园丁，桃李满天下； 老师像红烛，燃烧自己照亮我们； 老师像蜜蜂，勤劳又勇敢； 老师像妈妈，美丽而善良； 老师像一本书，交给我们很多知识。 祝亲爱的老师－教师节快乐。 4. 终于还是要说再见了，在这个苍茫的夏天。天很高，很蓝，栀子花的香气在风中飘散。我们在黄昏的小路上最后一次的相携走过，听到斜阳里有人在唱着我们曾经唱过的歌。我们相视而笑。 这样的歌声让我们想起了那不再回来的从前，
小学语文课文《我的老师》
小学语文课文《我的老师》 春天又到了。 柳枝染上了嫩绿，在春风里尽情摇摆，舒展着自己的腰身。连翘花举起金黄的小喇叭，向着长天吹奏着生命之歌。而蓝天上，一只只风筝在同白云戏耍，引动无数人仰望天穹，我的心也随着飞上了云端。 每逢这时，我就会不由自主地想起教我们历史课的刘老师，想起他放入天空的风筝。 刘老师个子不高，微微发胖的脸上有一双时常眯起来的慈祥的眼睛，一头花白的头发更衬出他的忠厚。他有一条健壮的右腿，而左腿，膝以下却被全部截去了，靠一根已经用得油亮的圆木拐杖支撑。这条腿何时、为什么被截去了，我们不知道。只是有一次，他在讲课的时候，讲到女娲氏补天造人的传说，笑着对我们说："女娲氏用手捏泥人捏得累了，便用树枝沾起泥巴向地上甩。甩到地上的泥巴也变成了人，只是有的人，由于女娲甩的力量太大，被甩丢了腿和胳膊。我就是那时候被她甩掉了条腿的。";教室里自然腾起一片笑声。但笑过之后，每个学生心里都飘起一股酸涩的感情，同时更增加了对刘老师的尊敬。 他只靠着健壮的右腿和一根圆木拐杖，一天站上好几个小时，为学生们讲课。逢到要写板书的时候，他用圆木拐杖撑地，右脚离地，身体急速地一转，便转向黑板，写完了粉笔字，又以拐杖为圆心，再转向讲台。一个年过半百的老师，一天不知要这样跳跃旋转多少次。而他每转一次，就引起学生们一次激动的心跳。 然而，留给我印象最深的，还是刘老师每年春天放风筝的情景。 北方的冬季漫长而枯燥。当春风吹绿了大地的时候，人们的身心一齐苏醒，一种舒展的快意便浮上心头。在没有大风而晴朗的日子，刘老师课余便在校园的操场上，放起他亲手制作的风筝。
他的风筝各式各样，有最简单的"屁帘儿";，也有长达三米的蜈蚣，最妙的是三五只黑色的燕子组成的风筝。他的腿自然不便于奔跑，但他却绝不肯失去亲手把风筝送入蓝天的快乐。他总是自己手持线拐，让他的孩子或学生远远地擎着风筝。他喊声："起";，便不断扯动手中的线绳，那纸糊的燕子便抖起翅膀，翩翩起舞，直穿云霄。他仰望白云，注视着那青黑的小燕子在风中翱翔盘旋。我常常站在他旁边，看着他的脸，他脸上那漾出的甜蜜的笑，使我觉得他不是一位老人，而一个同我一样的少年。 有一次，他故意撒脱手，任飞舞的纸燕带动长长的线绳和线拐在地上一蹦一跳地飞跑。他笑着，叫着，拄着拐杖，蹦跳着去追赶线端，喊着："你们不要管，我自己来!";终于，他气喘吁吁地抓住了线绳，脸上现出得意和满足的神气。我想：那时他一定觉得幸福而充实，因为他感到了自己生命的强壮和力量。 这情景也使我深深感动。一个年过50的残疾老师，对生活有着那样淳朴、强烈的爱与追求，一个活泼的少年又该怎样呢?
关于赞美老师的诗句40首
关于赞美老师的诗句40首 关于赞美教师的诗句（一）： 赞美教师现代诗1: 教师颂 别人从生活中捞取黄金 您只能获取花香 您的黄金是早晨的太阳 您的银子是十五的月亮 但您依然欢乐的吹着口哨 您的自豪是桃李芬芳 赞美教师现代诗2: 教师，辛苦了 是谁--把无知的我们领进宽敞的教室。 教给我们丰富的知识 是您!教师! 您用辛勤的汗水。 哺育了春日刚破土的嫩苗。 是谁--把调皮的我们 教育成能体贴帮忙别人的人 是您!教师! 您的关怀就好似和煦的春风
温暖了我们的心灵。 是谁--把幼小的我们 培育成成熟懂事的少年 是您!教师! 您的保护让我们健康成长。 在金秋时节结下硕果。 您辛苦了!教师! 在酷暑严寒中辛勤工作的人们。 您辛苦了!教师! 把青春无么奉献的人们。 我们向您致以崇高的敬意! --您辛苦了，教师! 我也只能帮到那里了教师 教师--您如春天中的细雨。 滋润着花儿，灌溉着大地。 而我们再着吮吸着细雨茁长成长。 教师--您如秋天里的一丝风。 吹黄了大地，唤金了稻谷。 而我们得到了丰收的硕果。 教师--在我黑暗的人生道路上是您为我点燃了一盏最明亮的灯; 教师--再我迷蒙的人生道路上是您做我的了的引路人;
教师--在我跌跌碰碰的人生道路中是您为我指明了前进的方向; 教师--是您给了我一双强有力的翅膀，让我在知识的世界里遨游! 赞美教师现代诗3: 我爱我师 教师就象红烛。 燃起了学生心中的火把。 却燃烧了自我。 直到红烛成灰。 教师就象园丁。 养育着我们这一株株花朵。 却辛苦了自我。 直到体力耗尽。 我们长大了必须要成为国家的栋梁。 啊!教师就是这么无私! 啊!教师我们爱您! 赞美教师现代诗4: 金风送欢笑，丹桂花香飘。 教师的节日，今日又来到。 教师为我们的成长，不知付出了多少辛劳。 教师对我们的抚爱，我们永远不会忘记。
初一课文我的老师
[教学目标及重点] 1．学习本文围绕中心选取材料的写法。 2．体会作者在文中蕴含的“依恋、思念老师”的深厚感情。 3．培养学生热爱老师、尊敬老师的良好品德。 [教学课型及课时] 1.教读课 2.一课时 [媒体设计] 多媒体投影仪 [教学步骤] 一、导入新课 同学们，请大家回忆一下。从小学一年级起，到目前为止，一共有多少位老师教过你们?在诸多老师中，又有哪些是令你终身难忘的呢?我想，在每个人的心目中，肯定有一位最难忘的老师。如果把他写下来，一定令人动情、感人至深。今天，我们学习著名作家魏巍所写的回忆他的小学老师蔡芸芝先生的一篇文章《我的老师》。(板书课文标题) 二、介绍作者、解题。（用课件打出） 魏巍，原名鸿杰，曾用笔名红杨树。作者少年时在极其困难的条件下，读了平民小学、高小，勉强读了简易乡村师范。抗日战争爆发后，他走上了革命道路。魏巍一直生活在战士们中间，解放战争时，在行军作战的间隙写了大量诗歌。全国解放后，主要作品有散文集《谁是最
可爱的人入长篇小说《东方》等。《我的老师》一文是作者于1956年9月29日为《教师报》所写的回忆性散文。课题中的“我”即作者本人。“老师”是作者小学时的教师蔡芸芝先生。让我们共同来学习这篇课文，看看作者是如何叙写自己最难忘的老师的。 二、教学新课 （一）、明确教学目标及重点（略） （二）、整体感知 教师范读一遍课文（放伴奏音乐，力求生动）。 让学生。轻声读课文，整体把握课文内容。用横线画出不认识的或读不准的字词，查字典注音，能把课文顺畅的读下来之后，放声朗读。（三）师生共同研习课文 （以学生自主探究讨论为主，教师只点拨要点即可） 1.本文共记叙了几位人物?其中主要人物是谁? 明确：本文记叙了我的老师蔡芸芝、我的母亲和我小学时的几位同学。主要人物是蔡芸芝老师。 2.本文共记叙了几件难忘的事情?哪几件详写?哪几件略写?这样安排有什么好处? 明确：共记叙了七件事：①蔡老师假装发怒；②课外教我们跳舞；③带我们观察蜜蜂；④教我们读诗；⑤我们对老师的依恋；⑥正确处理“我”与同学间的纠纷；⑦睡梦中去找老师。这七件小事，后两件详写，前五件略写。这样安排，从课内到课外，从校内到校外，既使文章结构疏密相间，更能表现出师生感情的步步加深。
关于感恩老师的诗歌15首
关于感恩老师的诗歌15首 俗语有云：“三人行，必有我师焉。”从小到大，生命中那些给我们以循循善诱、谆谆教诲的恩师们，有的兴许已经失去了联系，有的成为了你遇到难题时会想听建议的益友。但无论如何，不要因毕业的那顿谢师宴而从此把对老师的感恩画上句点。感恩，应该是一支细水长流般的曲子，随时在风中吟唱…… ——写在前面 1、《谢谢您，老师》您，是黑夜的启明星。您，是白昼的晴空。您，是骄阳下的清风。您，是雨中的屋檐。您，是大海；您，是山川。是您塑造了我的灵魂。您，是载送卫星的火箭。您，是海上的罗盘针。您，是投入，您，是付出。您就是我们最敬爱的老师。 2、《辛勤的园丁》多少年季节轮回，多少个春夏秋冬，你是红烛燃烧着亮丽的生命，奉献几多血和汗，不求青史留英名，你用真情传播着智慧的火种。就象那春蚕献出一生的忠诚，就象那冬梅吟唱着早春的歌声。多少个不眼之夜，多少次灯光长明，你在漫漫的长夜里有伏案的身影，青丝之间添华发，三尺讲台荡笑声，你用友爱缩短着心与心的路程。你是那阳光融化冷漠的冰雪，你是那向导引人走出科学的迷宫。啊！光荣的教师，辛勤的园丁！桃李芬芳是
你的欢乐，默默奉献无私的心灵。啊！光荣的教师，辛勤的园丁！桃李芬芳是你的欢乐，默默奉献无私的心灵。 3、《感谢您，老师》一块黑板三尺讲台是您挥洒人生的天地我们在您的天地里茁壮的成长一支支粉笔在您的手里变幻成了黑板上的字又变成了我们的头脑里的知识一根根教鞭在您的面前不断的飘舞把那些做人的道理飘进了我们的心里 4、《默默的蜡烛》您没有雄健的体魄却给我们撑起了一片无雨的天空您没有建筑师的双手却给我们奠定了最坚实的基石您没有艺术家的眼光却给我们建起了一座座雄伟的大厦您那渊博的知识让我们感受文明与希望您那高远的胸怀让我们懂得宽容与忍让您那高尚的人格深深影响着我们的心灵感谢您老师我们真诚的感谢您您就像那一支默默的蜡烛燃烧了自己却照亮了别人有您的光明的指引我们不会在黑暗中迷失方向 5、《老师，我想对你说》老师，我想对你说：你的音容笑貌，你的举手投足，时常展现在我的眼前；你的关心，爱护，一直萦绕在我的脑海里；你的循循善诱，谆谆教导，至今铭记在我的心中；你和我们一起时的一切，都如同昨日历历在目。老师，我想对你说：是你给了我学习的自信；是你给了我生活的勇气，是你给了我发奋发图强的动力，是你给了我奔向好前程的希望。老师，我想对你说：你
我的老师公开课教案
《我的老师》教案 教学目标： 1、学习课文围绕中心选取材料的写法和掌握写人记事文章的情感。 2、理解关键词句在语言环境中的意义和作用。 3、感受文中真挚的师生情感，培养学生尊重老师、热爱老师的美好品德。 教学重点： 通过人物外貌、动作、语言、心理描写，深入人物内心世界，揣摩人物的人格魅力。 教学难点： 品味写人记事文章的情感。 教学过程： 一、情境导入 有人说：“老师是塑造人类灵魂的工程师。”有人说：“老师像蜡烛，照亮了学生前进的道路。”有人说：“老师像梯子，载着学生攀登科学的高峰。” 从幼儿园到初中，我们同学接触了不少老师。其中必然有一位是我们同学印象最深刻、最难忘的。那么魏巍笔下的老师是什么样的？让我们随着作者所写的回忆，一起去看看他的小学老师蔡芸芝先生吧。 二、整体感悟理清思路 默读全文，你记得作者和蔡老师之间哪一件令人难忘的事？这些事在对象与详略上有区别吗？ (引导学生概括事件：记叙文六要素→时间、地点、人物，事情的起因，经过和结果。) 蔡老师假装发怒；老师教我们跳舞；老师带我们观察蜜蜂；老师教我们读诗；我们看老师写字——前五件事略写，写的是蔡老师与我们发生的事情。老师排除我和同学小纠纷；我梦里寻师——后两件事详写，写的是蔡老师与我之间发生的事，详写是为了表现我与他的感情。 三、分析人物 假如让你们小组给蔡老师颁发荣誉证书，你们会在荣誉证书上写什么呢？请同学们以小组为单位进行讨论，以“最的老师”的光荣称号授予蔡老师，并说明授予这个称号的理由。 预设：1、最温柔美丽的老师，从“她从来不打骂我们，仅仅有一次，她的教鞭好像要落下来，我用石板一迎，教鞭轻轻地敲在石板边上。大伙笑了，她也笑了。”看出来。 师：哪些词语看得出来不是真打？ 轻轻、笑、好像、石板边上。 师：这里的“迎”换成“挡”好不好，请对比读读，看看有什么区别？（如果是我送你糖，是礼物，你会用迎，但这里落下来的是教鞭，学生为什么还要“迎”呢？表现了师生之间融洽和睦的感情。） 2、最具教学特色的老师，从用唱歌的音调教我们读诗、学生效仿老师写字两件事看得出来。 3、最爱学生的老师。如教鞭落下的细节。 4、最慈爱、公平的老师。从她排除我和同学纠纷这件事看得出来。 师：她是怎么排除纠纷的呢？ 批评了我的“反对派”，还写信劝慰我。 师：她为什么要批评“反对派”？ 因为那些小“反对派”们在我耳边喊“哎呦呦……” 师：请同学们齐读“哎呦呦……”这句话，听听看哪些词语会特别刺耳？ “哎哟哟”、“回不来”、“炮子儿”等
小学五年级语文《我的老师》课件【三篇】
小学五年级语文《我的老师》课件【三篇】教学目标： 1.准确读记“编造、破绽、强调、教训、驳倒、论证、、糊弄、受益、出人意料、目瞪口呆、饶有趣味”等词语。 2.读懂课文描写的故事，理解怀特森先生独特的教学方法，体会到一个人具有独立思考、独立判断和怀疑水平的重要性。 3.进一步学习通过具体事例说明道理的写作方法。 教学重点、难点： 理解作者为什么认为怀特森先生是的老师。理解到不迷信书本、不迷信的科学态度，是现代人必备的素质，是追求真理所需的可贵品质。 课前准备： 多媒体课件 教学时间： 1课时 教学过程： 一、创设情境导入新课 1.在你们的眼中，什么样的老师才称得上的老师? 2.学生畅所欲言。 3.揭示课题。 4.学生读题后，就题质疑。
【设计意图：“学起于思，思源于疑”，“小疑则小进，大疑则 大进”。开课导题，尊重学生，激活学生的生活体验，释放学生表达 的愿望，为学生就题质疑做好铺垫，让学生的思维发展从问题开始。】 二、携问会文，走进的老师??怀特森先生 1.学生带着问题放声自读课文，走进文中的这位好老师，并圈出 文中的关键词语。 2.读后汇报交流。 (1)小组交流圈画的词语。 (2)指名学生把圈画的词语写在黑板上。 3.读读写写，熟悉词语。 4.考查初读课文、感知课文的水准。 (1)课文讲了一件什么事? (2)你觉得怀特森先生是个什么样的老师? (3)你赞同他的观点吗?说说你的看法。 【设计意图：携问入文，引领学生切入主题，让学生以“研究者”、“探索者”的角色感悟课文内容，初步走近怀特森先生这个人物。】 三、精读会文，走近的老师??怀特森先生 1.多媒体出示： 当我读到()，我觉得怀特森先生是位()的老师。 导语：为什么说怀特森先生是的老师?请同学们对照屏幕上的问题，再次细细品读课文，真真切切走近这位好老师??怀特森先生。 2.学生尽情读文，并做批注。
歌颂老师的诗歌(8首)
1歌颂老师 一寸一寸的粉笔 染白你的头发 腾然而起点燃成烛 照亮别人 让一个一个象形文字 成为你走过的脚印 攀上崖顶 让后来者踏上您的双肩 送一批批学子上路 闪闪的星星 放射着绚丽璀璨 用尽最后一点余热 这就是老师的一生 人类灵魂的工程师啊！ 2世界上 有多少美好的词语 赞美教师职业的崇高， 有多少动听的诗篇 歌颂教师职业的伟大， 歌颂教师是阳光下最光辉的职业，赞美教师是人类灵魂的工程师。确实， 教师是伟大的园丁， 祖国的花朵在教师手中培育， 祖国的栋梁从教师手中输送； 教师又是一个平凡的人， 他与其他工作不同， 肩负着社会赋予的重任，
教育我们的孩子长大做一个有用的人。 3老师像什么？ 老师像红烛， 照亮了知识的路程。 老师像什么？ 老师像春雨， 把点点滴滴的知识撒在我们的心里。 老师像什么？ 老师像园丁， 把幼小的我门培育成一个懂得知识的大数。老师像什么？老师像一把金钥匙， 把无知的我们领进知识的宝库。 老师像什么？ 老师像我们的妈妈， 天天陪伴在我们生边，告诉我们一些丰富多采的知识。是老师给了我们那么多的知识， 再这里我要祝所有的老师永远年轻、漂亮。 4老师,你好 （杨亿豪）你是辛勤的园丁 用知识做露珠 培育祖国花儿 （李科）你是无私的蜡烛 倾尽毕生精力 燃烧自己照亮别人 （曾振凯）你说 桃李满天下 是你一生的夙愿 （沈震川）三尺讲台上的
英姿飒爽 是你永远的眷恋 （王颜麟）黑板上飞舞的 是你的汗水 笔触尖流淌的 （杨明凡）是你的期盼 你用母亲般慈爱的双手 抚慰万万心灵 撑起千千梦想 实现个个希望 （合）老师,老师 你用爱心和执着 坚守着人民教师这光荣的事业 你用崇高的职业道德和操守 履行着人民教师的神圣职责 5 老师，辛苦了 是谁－－ 把无知的我们领进宽敞的教室， 教给我们丰富的知识？ 是您！老师！ 您用辛勤的汗水，哺育了春日刚破土的嫩苗。 是谁－－ 把调皮的我们 教育成能体贴帮助别人的人？ 是您！老师！ 您的关怀就好似和煦的春风 温暖了我们的心灵。
我的老师
我的老师梁子 题记—— “我的老师”这是小时候常学的课文题，更是常写的作文题。每每读到、写到，一定收起顽滑鲁野，屏息凝气、正襟危坐，用心读、有心写。今再拟题“我的老师”，仍如是。 梁子，是我的老师。称其“子”，绝不是将她放于“高山仰止、景行行止”的圣人位，那是神化，更是距离。称其“子”，恰是可以触摸到的亲切，可以见得到的温婉。 第一面见她，是在省第一师范，伟人毛泽东的母校，亦是梁子与我的母校，这是后来才知道的。当时，她坐在一群面试老师最中间，眼镜几乎架到了鼻尖上，目光越过镜架望过来，很犀利，很深邃。即便当时的我有些绩优生的傲气，也有在几千人前辩论、表演的经历，只看她一眼就不觉紧张起来。这样的神情，在后来的工作中我常常见到，有时是教学研讨，有时是大会议事，有时是伏案读写。 虽紧张，还是从几百人中被她挑了出来，和另几个人一同被告知要去学校所在地参加第二轮面试。本以为人数会少些，但没想到与当地师院毕业生合在了一块儿，是一场更激烈的角逐。当所有这些都过去后，她端了端眼镜，笑着对我说：“其实我第一眼就看中你了，即使你不来参加第二次面试，我也要回一师把你要过来。”听这句话，一时没有缓过神来，她又抛出一句：“你可以试试教语文，当班主任。”像是征询想法，更像是安排工作。实情是我初中毕业即以高分考入一师，普修三年，科科都争胜。到了后两年要选修了，思量再三未果，无奈之下扔纸团决定学了音乐。又曾听某师姐说“没有当过班主任的教育生涯是不完整的。”想到这，我没多思考，赶紧点头答应了梁子。 后果然有所成，这于我是梁子的知遇之恩，于学校却是一个校长藏于犀利、深邃眼光背后的“知人善任”，多少人多少年修炼而不得，在梁子却仿若天赋。 多数校长关心学生成长，而梁子说学校是一个温暖的地方，在这里学生和教师要共同成长。所以，她不只是甄选“玉料”，更有切磋琢磨之心。久而久之，市局、区局和兄弟学校皆知“梁子身边无弱将”，后来活跃在小教各领域的凡是叫得响名字的骨干、新秀没几个不是“梁子制造”了。 在我进校之后，她没少蹲课堂，常态课听了一节又一节。私底下常说的话是“优点我就不说了，有这么些地方要改……”但她在人前总是将没对我展开说的优点放大了说。那时的我住在学校，下了班就硬着头皮坐下学各种版本的教案，然后写自己的预案，教完回头又批注、修改、反思。就这么被梁子赶着，终于悟出了些上课的道道。正稍感轻松时，赛课来了。这是一个全区青年教师
献给老师的一首小诗——老师
老师 三尺讲台上。 是您，给予我们知识。 校园生活中， 是您，给予我们关怀。 老师办公室中， 是您，不辞辛劳为我们批改作业。 老师啊！ 是您，给了我们太多太多。 您就是那春蚕；您就是那红烛； 您就是在我心中神圣的——老师！ 1 写给老师的小诗 如果说蓝天喜悦了鸟儿，那是因为它纯洁；如果说河水吸引了鱼儿，那是它清澈； 如果说学校吸引了孩子们， 那是因为有您的朴实和教诲。 在此教师节之际， 五一班全体同学为您献上一份祝福， 感谢您为我们做的一切！ 谢谢您，x老师2 当时间慢慢流过，老师的头也白了起来。当日子慢慢流逝，老师的关爱依旧存在。无需过多的言语，只能说一句话： 感谢您，X老师！ 3 当我走向你的时候， 原想收获一缕春风，你却给了我整个春天；原想捧起一簇浪花，你却给了我整个海洋；原想撷取一片红叶，你却给了我整个枫林；原想亲吻一朵雪花, 你却给了我整个银色的世界…… 让我怎样感谢您——老师。 是您给我们知识和力量, 给我们战胜困难的勇气，让我们勇往直前。老师，我们感谢您！ 感谢您的辛勤，感谢您的无私，感谢您为我们的付出的一切。 谢谢您，x老师!(Thank you，miss cao)
2、送您一束鲜花 表达我们对您的敬意; 送您一首动听的歌曲, 给您带来一丝甜蜜. 老师——您辛苦了, 是您带我们走过风雨, 是您用知识的营养将我们哺育, 却从来不求回报与索取. 是您给我们解答一道道难题, 是您告诉我们: 遇到困难时, 不要轻易说放弃. 从此我们的生命中, 随时充满了欢喜. 少了许多烦恼, 增添了一份坚毅. 又是一个收获的秋季, 您仍紧握手中彩色的画笔. 描绘着美好的蓝图, 滋润着祖国的桃李. 深夜里您还在认真地备课, 睡梦中您仍回味着我们成功的乐趣. 我们是春天里盛开的鲜花, 是您给我们奏出美妙的旋律. 您是辛勤的园丁, 我们会牢记您的谆谆话语. 走好生命中的每一步, 友爱,健美,求实,进取! 3、多少年季节轮回，多少个春夏秋冬，你是红烛燃烧着亮丽的生命， 奉献几多血和汗，不求青史留英名， 你用真情传播着智慧的火种。 就象那春蚕献出一生的忠诚， 就象那冬梅吟唱着早春的歌声。 多少个不眼之夜，多少次灯光长明， 你在漫漫的长夜里有伏案的身影， 青丝之间添华发，三尺讲台荡笑声， 你用友爱缩短着心与心的路程。 你是那阳光融化冷漠的冰雪， 你是那向导引人走出科学的迷宫。 啊！光荣的教师，辛勤的园丁!
赞美老师的诗句大全
赞美老师的诗句大全 导读：本文是关于诗句大全的文章，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享！ 1、东宫白庶子，南寺远禅师。——白居易《远师》 2、师住稽亭高处寺，斜廊曲阁倚云开。——张籍《送稽亭山寺僧》 3、自闻颖师弹，起坐在一旁。——韩愈《听颖师弹琴》 4、相逢一见太匆匆，校内繁花几度红。厚谊常存魂梦里，深恩永志我心中。——佚名《七绝·师恩难忘》 5、灵师皇甫姓，胤胄本蝉联。——韩愈《送灵师》 6、九州生气恃风雷，万马齐喑究可哀。我劝天公重抖擞，不拘一格降人才。——龚自珍《己亥杂诗》 7、为人堂堂正正，做事磊落光明。汇集四方英雄，师出有名，天下任我纵横。——佚名《天净沙六首·管仲图》 8、弟子事师，敬同于父，习其道也，学其言语。忠臣无境外之交，弟子有柬修之好。一日为师，终身为父。——罗振玉《鸣沙石室佚书·太公家教》 9、玉壶存冰心，朱笔写师魂。——冰心《冰心》 10、偶应非熊兆，尊为帝者师。——刘基《题太公钓渭图》 11、群峭碧摩天，逍遥不记年。拨云寻古道，倚树听流泉。花暖青牛卧，松高白鹤眠。语来江色暮，独自下寒烟。——李白《寻雍
尊师隐居》 12、字斟句酌细推敲，拈精撮要费咀嚼。半亩方塘长流水，呕心沥血育新苗。——佚名《板书有感》 13、春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干。——李商隐《无题·相见时难别亦难》 14、教子教女，辛勤半辈。满头白发，甘乳一生。——佚名《师蚕》 15、绿野堂开占物华，路人指道令公家。令公桃李满天下，何用堂前更种花。——白居易《奉和令公绿野堂种花》 16、灵师不挂怀，冒涉道转延。——韩愈《送灵师》 17、天子号仁圣，任贤如事师。——杜牧《雪中书怀》 18、欲求贤才栋梁，天空陆地海洋。半世东奔西忙，今又远航，路遥山高水长。——佚名《天净沙六首·源远流长图》 19、新竹高于旧竹枝，全凭老干为扶持。明年再有新生者，十丈龙孙绕凤池。——佚名《新竹》 20、军装乘晓发，师律候春归。——苏颋《奉和圣制幸望春宫送朔方大总管张仁亶》 21、胸怀万里世界，放眼无限未来。挥洒旷世奇才，重上瑶台，天地为之惊骇。——佚名《天净沙六首·逸仙图》 22、令公桃李满天下，何用堂前更种花。——白居易《奉和令公绿野堂种花》 23、北虏坏亭障，闻屯千里师。——杜牧《雪中书怀》
人教初一语文我的老师课文原文
初一 我的老师 魏巍 最使我难忘的，是我小学时候的女教师蔡芸芝先生。 现在回想起来，她那时有十八九岁。右嘴角边有榆钱大小一块黑痣,在我的记忆里，她是一个温柔和美丽的人。 她从来不打骂我们。仅仅有一次，她的教鞭好像要落下来，我用三板一迎，教鞭轻轻地敲在石板边上，大伙笑了，她也笑了。我用儿童的狡猾的眼光察觉，她爱我们，并没有存心要打的意思。孩子们是多么善于观察这一点啊。 在课外的时候，她教我们跳舞，我现在还记得她把我扮成女孩子表演跳舞的情景。 在假日里，她把我们带到她的家里和女朋友的家里。 在她的女朋友的园子里，她还让我们观察蜜蜂；也是在那时候，我认识了蜂王，并且平生第一次吃了蜂蜜。 她爱诗，并且爱用歌唱的音调教我们读诗。直到现在我还记得她读诗的音调，还能背诵她教我们的诗： 圆天盖着大海， 黑水托着孤舟， 远看不见山， 那天边只有云头， 也看不见树， 那水上只有海鸥…… 今天想来，她对我的接近文学和爱好文学，是有着多么有益的影响！ 像这样的教师，我们怎么会不喜欢她，怎么会不愿意和她亲近呢？我们见了她不由得就围上去。即使她写字的时候，我们也默默地看着她，连她握铅笔的姿势都急于模仿。 有一件小事，我不知道还值不值得提它，但回想起来，在那时却占据过我的心灵。我父亲那时候在军阀部队里，好几年没有回来，我踉母亲非常牵挂地，不知道他的死活。我的母亲常常站在一张褪了色的神像面前焚起香来，把两个有象征记号的字条卷着埋在香炉里，然后磕了头，抽出一个来卜问吉凶。我虽不像母亲那样，也略略懂了些事。可是在孩子群中，我的那些小“反对派”们，常常在我的耳边猛喊：“哎哟哟，你爹回不来了哟，他吃了炮子儿喂！”那时的我，真好像死了父亲似的那么悲伤。 这时候蔡老师援助了我，批评了我的“反对派”们，还写了一封信劝慰我，说我是“心清如水的学生”。一个老师排除孩子世界里的～件小小的纠纷，是多么平常；可是回想起来，那时候我却觉得是给了我莫大的支持！在～个孩子的眼睛里，他的老师是多么慈爱，多么公平，多么伟大的人啊。每逢放假的时候，我们就更不愿离开她。我还记得，放假前我默默地站在她的身边，看她收拾这样那样东西的情景。蔡老师！我不知道你当时是不是察觉，一个孩子站在那里，对你是多么的依恋！至于暑假，对于一个喜欢他的老师的孩子来说，又是多么漫长！记得在一个夏季的夜里，席于铺在当屋，旁边燃着蚊香，我睡熟了。不知道睡了多久，也不知道是夜里的什么时辰，我忽然爬起来，迷迷糊糊地往外就走。母亲喊住我：“你要去干什么？” “找蔡老师……”我模模糊糊地回答。 “不是放暑假了么？”
我的老师教学课件
我的老师教学课件 *是美国作家大卫·欧文回忆自己少年时代学习生活时写的 一篇*。它叙述了科学课上怀特森老师运用“故弄玄虚策略”，教会学生“质疑”的故事，塑造了一个对学生产生了深远影响而又独具一格的老师形象。以下是给大家整理的内容，希望大家能够喜欢! 我的老师教学课件1 教学目标： 1.正确读记“编造、破绽、强调、教训、驳倒、论证、、糊弄、受益、出人意料、目瞪口呆、饶有趣味”等词语。 2. 读懂课文描写的故事，理解怀特森先生独特的教学方法，体会到一个人具有独立思考、独立判断和怀疑能力的重要性。 3. 进一步学习通过具体事例说明道理的写作方法。 教学重点、难点： 理解作者为什么认为怀特森先生是的老师。认识到不迷信书本、不迷信的科学态度，是现代人必备的素质，是追求真理所需的可贵品质。
课前准备： 多媒体课件 教学时间： 1课时 教学过程： 一、创设情境导入新课 1. 在你们的眼中，什么样的老师才称得上的老师? 2. 学生畅所欲言。 3. 揭示课题。 4. 学生读题后，就题质疑。 【设计意图：“学起于思，思源于疑”，“小疑则小进，大疑则大进”。开课导题，尊重学生，激活学生的生活体验，释放学生表达的愿望，为学生就题质疑做好铺垫，让学生的思维发展从问题开始。】 二、携问会文，走进的老师??怀特森先生 1. 学生带着问题放声自读课文，走进文中的这位好老师，并圈出文中的关键词语。
2. 读后汇报交流。 (1) 小组交流圈画的词语。 (2) 指名学生把圈画的词语写在黑板上。 3. 读读写写，熟悉词语。 4. 考查初读课文、感知课文的程度。 (1) 课文讲了一件什么事? (2) 你觉得怀特森先生是个什么样的老师? (3) 你赞同他的观点吗?说说你的看法。 【设计意图：携问入文，引领学生切入主题，让学生以“研究者”、“探索者”的角色感悟课文内容，初步走近怀特森先生这个人物。】 三、精读会文，走近的老师??怀特森先生 1. 多媒体出示： 当我读到( )，我觉得怀特森先生是位( )的老师。