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中考英语单项选择题热点考点讲义(上)

中考英语单项选择题热点考点讲义（上）

江苏郝昌明

文章来源：2008年下半年度《试题与研究》

一、时态考点

英语中每个动词的使用都应考虑其正确的时态，而随着时间状语的不同和语境逻辑的变换，每个动词的时态运用也各不相同。就总体情况而言，时态概念抽象，形式变化多样，语境丰富灵活，用法纷繁复杂，是中学英语语法中的难点，其热点考查内容如下：

一、考查一般现在时用法

一般现在时可表示：现在持续性的动作或存在的状态，常以now, at present为存在标志；现阶段经常发生的动作或者存在的状态，常以usually, often, always, seldom, never, sometimes, every day为标志；客观事实或普遍真理，常以语境逻辑为存在标志。

例：Mid-Autumn Day usually ________ in September or October every year.（2008北京朝阳区）

A. come

B. comes

C. is coming

D. will come

析：B。usually暗示该空表示现在一般性动作，因此应用一般现在时动词形式comes。

二、考查一般过去时用法

一般过去时表示：过去特定时间发生的动作，常以an hour ago, last week, just now, in 1995等时间状语为标志；过去经常性、习惯性的动作，常以usually, often, always, seldom, never, sometimes, every day为标志。

例1：We were in Qingdao last week and ________ great fun there.（2008北京）

A. will have

B. have had

C. had

D. have

析：C。last week暗示该空应用一般过去时，因此应填had。

例2：It’s four years since Mike ________ to Tibet. （2008石家庄）

A. has been

B. is coming

C. will come

D. came

析：D。分析语境逻辑不难发现，since从句应用一般过去时，因此该空应填came。

例3：—Did you wash your clothes?

—No, I was going to wash my clothes but I ________ visitors. (2008苏州)

A. have had

B. have

C. had

D. will have

析：C。由答句可知，主人公正准备洗衣服，忽然来了客人，因此该空应用一般过去时，应填had。

三、考查现在进行时用法

现在进行时常表示：现在正在进行的动作，常以now或Look, Listen等动词为标志；目前这段时间正在进行但现在不一定正在进行的动作，常以语境逻辑为标志；反复性、一贯性动作，常与always连用，带有赞扬或批评的情感色彩。

例1：—What is Mum doing now?

—She ________ some clothes. （2008北京朝阳区）

A. washes

B. is washing

C. washed

D. has washed

析：B。now暗示该空表示“正在洗”，因此应填is washing。

例2：—Cindy, dinner is ready. Where’s John?

—He ________ homework in his room.（2008温州）

A. does

B. did

C. is doing

D. will do

析：C。Where’s John?暗示该空表示“现在正在做”，因此应填is doing。

例3：—Whose watch is lost?

—Mr. Smith’s. Look! He ________ it everywhere.（2008芜湖）

A. looked for

B. was looking for

C. looks for

D. is looking for

析：D。Look!暗示该空表示“现在正在寻找”，因此应填is looking for。

四、考查过去进行时用法

过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，常以then, at the time, at that time, at this time, yesterday, just now等过去特定时间点为标志，也可以以when, while等连词引导的时间状语从句为标志，还可以以上下文语境逻辑为标志。

例1：The children ________ a P. E. class on the playground when it suddenly began to rain.（2008河北）

A. have

B. are having

C. had

D. were having

析：D。when it suddenly began to rain暗示该空表示“正在下雨”，因此应用过去进行时动词形式were having。

例2：—What did the teacher say just now?

—Sorry. I didn’t catch it. I ________ something else.（2008河南）

A. think

B. will think

C. was thinking

D. had thought

析：C。just now暗示该空表示“正在想”，因此应用过去进行时动词形式was thinking。

例3：I ________ e-mails to my pen pal when Susan called me last night.（2008山西）

A. was sending

B. am sending

C. sent.

析：A。when Susan called me last night暗示该空表示“正在发送”，因此应填过去进行时动词形式was sending。

例4：—I called you at 5:00 yesterday afternoon. But there was no answer. Where were you?

— I ________ in the supermarket.（2008襄樊）

A. was shopping

B. am shopping

C. have shopped

D. do shopping

析：A。at 5:00 yesterday afternoon暗示该空表示“正在购物”，因此应用过去进行时动词形式was shopping。

例5：—Did you notice your mother go out a moment ago?

—No, I didn’t. I ________ TV then.（2008厦门）

A. have watched

B. am watching

C. was watching

析：C。then暗示该空表示“正在看”，因此应用过去进行时动词形式was watching。

五、考查现在完成时用法

现在完成时表示：

1. 发生在过去某一时刻的动作对现在造成影响，常有下列标志：yet, just, already, never, ever等副词；动作发生的次数；It is the + 序数词+time句型；in the past/last+时间段；recently, lately等时间性副词；语境逻辑。

2. 发生在过去某一时刻的动作一直延续到现在, 并且有可能继续延续下去，常以for+时间段或since+时间点为存在标志。

例1：—Hello! Can I speak to Alice?

—Sorry. She isn’t here right now. She ________ to the shop.（2008北京）

A. goes

B. will go

C. has gone

D. was going

析：C。由语境逻辑可以推出她已经去了商店，因此该空应用现在完成时动词形式has gone。

例2：—What are you going to do this Saturday?

—I ________ yet.（2008烟台）

A. haven’t decided

B. won’t decide

C. am not decided

D. didn’t decide

析：A。yet暗示该空表示“到现在为止还没有决定”，因此应用现在完成时动词形式haven’t decided。

例3：How’s Annie? I ________ her for a long time.（2008河北）

A. don’t see

B. won’t see

C. didn’t see

D. haven’t seen

析：D。for a long time为现在完成时标志。

例4：John, our foreign teacher, left Nantong two years ago, and I ________ him since then.（2008南通）

A. don’t see

B. won’t see

C. didn’t see

D. haven’t seen

析：D。since then为现在完成时标志。

例5：It is said that Chery (奇瑞) ________ a new kind of car recently.（2008芜湖）

A. has developed

B. developed

C. develops

D. had developed

析：A。recently为现在完成时标志。

例6：—China’s 24th science research team ________ at Changcheng Station on January 5, 2008.

—Wonderful! Our scientists ________ a lot in this field already.（2008哈尔滨）

A. have arrived; improve

B. arrived; has improved

C. arrived; have improved

析：C。on January 5, 2008暗示第一空应填一般过去时动词形式arrived；already暗示第二空应用现在完成时动词形式have improved。

例7：—________ you ever ________ Chinese mooncakes, Diana?

—No, never. But I have had noodles.（2008福州）

A. Do; try

B. Will; try

C. Did; try

D. Have; tried

析：D。ever为现在完成时标志。

友情提醒：for+时间段和since+时间点均需和持续性动词搭配。

例8：He ________ our school for two weeks.（2008青海）

A. left

B. has left

C. has been away from

析：C。for two weeks为时间段，因此该空应用持续性动词的现在完成时形式。

六、考查一般将来时用法

一般将来时有下列表达方式：

be going to do表示：根据计划将要做某事；由目前情况判断有可能但是不一定会发生某事；will/ shall do表示：根据计划将要做某事；某事一定会发生；be to do表示：根据计划将要做某事；征求对方意见；必要性；可能性。

例1：—Has he returned the library book yet?

—Not yet. Don’t worry. He ________ it soon.（2008襄樊）

A. returned

B. has returned

C. will return

D. returns

析：C。soon暗示该空表示“将要还”，因此应填一般将来时动词形式will return。

例2：Look at those clouds. It ________ soon, I’m afraid.（2008莆田）

A. rains

B. was raining

C. is going to rain

析：C。soon暗示该空表示“有可能下雨”，因此应用一般将来时动词形式is going to rain。

友情提醒：

1. 条件状语从句、时间状语从句中应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

例1：He’ll send us a message as soon as he ________ in Sichuan.（2008北京）

A. is arriving

B. will arrive

C. arrived

D. arrives

析：D。句中as soon as引导时间状语从句，应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

例2：I don’t know if my uncle ________. If he ________, I will be very happy.（2008湖北恩施州）

A. comes; will come

B. will come; will come

C. comes; comes

D. will come; comes

析：D。两空均表将来动作，第一空因if引导宾语从句，可用一般将来时；第二空因If引导条件状语从句，必须用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

2.祈使句用一般现在时的形式表达一般将来时，回答时应用一般将来时。

例1：—Don’t forget to give my best wishes to your mother.

—________.（2008烟台）

A. No, I won’t

B. OK, I will

C. Yes, I won’t

D. Yes, I do

析：A。该空强调主人公将不会忘了，因此应填No, I won’t。C所示内容肯定与否定前后不一致，因此为错误选项。

例2：—Please bring your homework to school tomorrow, Steven.

—OK, I ________.（2008河北）

A. will

B. won’t

C. do

D. don’t

析：A。OK暗示该空表示“明天将把家庭作业带到学校”，因此应用一般将来时。

跟踪练习:

1. —Mary, why didn’t you come to attend my birthday party?

—I’m very sorry. We ________ an important meeting.

A. are holding

B. were holding

C. held

D. had held

2. —Listen, there is a great noise over there.

—Oh, two football teams ________ an important match.

A. are having

B. were having

C. had

D. had had

3. —Don’t forget to bring your little sister here when you come tomorrow. I want to buy a skirt for her.

—I ________.

A. don’t

B. didn’t

C. haven’t

D. won’t

4. I really don’t know if he ________, but if he ________, I’ll try to let you know.

A. will come, comes

B. comes, will come

C. will come, will come

D. comes, comes

5. You don’t have to introduce her to me; I ________ her a few times.

A. met

B. meet

C. have met

D. had met

6. I don’t know how long it will be before he ________ to see us.

A. will come

B. comes

C. has come D .had come

7. —I saw her smoking at about five o’clock yesterday afternoon.

—Bu she ________ little.

A. smokes

B. had smoked

C. smoked

D. is smoking

8. —Have you read this wonderful magazine?

—Yes, I ________ it only last week.

A. read

B. have read

C. had read

D. was reading

9. —Can you introduce something about this movie to me?

—Why ________ it? I saw it last Wednesday.

A. didn’t you see

B. don’t you see

C. haven’t you seen

D. hadn’t you seen

10. —I passed the driving test the day before yesterday.

—Did you. I ________ it yet.

A. hadn’t passed

B. haven’t passed

C. don’t pass

D. didn’t pass

11. I ________ in Beijing for some time, then I went to Shanghai for an important meeting.

A. stay

B. stayed

C. have stayed

D. had stayed

12. Let’s hurry up. I’m afraid that they ________ for us impatiently.

A. wait

B. are waiting

C. waited

D. have waited

13. —I still saw light in your room when I passed by your home at midnight.

—Oh, I ________ an important book.

A. read

B. am reading

C. was reading

D. have read

14. Don’t make a noise here, boys and girls; my baby ________ inside.

A. sleeps

B. is sleeping

C. has slept

D. had slept

15. —I phoned you last night, but I don’t know why you didn’t answer me.

—Oh, I ________ TV.

A. watched

B. am watching

C. was watching

D. had watched

参考答案：

1~5 BADAC 6~10BAACB 11~15BBCBC

二、被动语态考点

被动语态描绘各种情况下的被动动作，其热点考查内容如下：

一、考查一般现在时被动语态用法

一般现在时被动语态常描绘现在经常性、习惯性被动动作，动词形式为：is/am/are +过去分词，主语为第三人称单数名词或代词时使用is，主语为I时使用am，主语为复数名词或代词时使用are。now, every day, always, usually, often, seldom, never等词常为一般现在时被动语态成立的时间标志。

例1：The letter ________ in French. I can’t read it.（2008石家庄）

A. is writing

B. is written

C. wrote

D. writes

析：B。该空表示“被写”，因此应用一般现在时被动语态动词形式is written。

例2：Maria ________ at 6:30 every morning by her mother to get ready for school.（2008湖北恩施州）

A. was woken up

B. woke up

C. wakes up

D. is woken up

析：D。every morning暗示该空描绘现在习惯性被动动作，因此应用一般现在时被动语态动词形式is woken up。

例3：—Do you plant trees in spring?

—Yes. Many trees ________ in our city every year.（2008长沙）

A. are planting

B. are planted

C. were planted

析：B。every year暗示该空描绘现在阶段习惯性被动动作，因此应用一般现在时被动

语态动词形式are planted。

二、考查一般过去时被动语态用法

一般过去时被动语态常描绘过去特定时间发生的被动动作，动词形式为：was/were +过去分词，主语为第三人称单数名词或代词时使用was，主语为复数名词或代词时使用were。纯粹过去时间状语和语境逻辑多为一般过去时被动语态成立的时间标志。

例1：—Who’s the little baby in the photo, Susan?

—It’s me. This photo ________ ten years ago.（2008北京）

A. takes

B. is taken

C. took

D. was taken

析：D。该空表示“被拍”且有ten years ago为时间标志，因此应用一般过去时被动语态动词形式was taken。

例2：Last year, Li Hua, a college student, ________ to work for the Olympic Games.（2008河北）

A. is choosing

B. is chosen

C. was choosing

D. was chosen

析：D。该空表示“被选”，且有Last year为时间标志，因此应用一般过去时被动语态动词形式was chosen。

例3：—How clean the window is!

— Yes. It ________ just now.（2008盐城）

A. has been cleaned

B. was cleaned

C. is cleaned

D. will be cleaned

析：B。该空表示“被打扫”，且有just now为时间标志，因此应用一般过去时被动语态动词形式was cleaned。

三、考查一般将来时被动语态用法

一般将来时被动语态描绘将来某一时间的被动动作，动词形式为will be done或am/is/are going to be done。使用后一种动词形式时主语为I时用am，主语为第三人称单数名词或代词时用is，主语为复数名词或代词使用are。未来时间状语为一般将来时被动语态成立的时间标志。

例1：—Where ________ the 2010 World Expo (世博会) ________?

—In Shanghai.（2008芜湖）

A. does; hold

B. is; held

C. will; be held

D. will; hold

析：C。2010暗示空档表示“……将要被举行”，因此应用一般将来时被动语态动词形式will be held。

例2：—People say the subway (地铁) ________ building in Harbin in a few years.

—Sounds ________. I have never seen it before.（2008哈尔滨）

A. will finish; interesting

B. is finished; interested

C. will be finished; interesting

析：C。in a few years暗示第一空表示“将要被完成”，因此应用一般将来时被动语态动词形式will be finished；第二空表示“令人感兴趣的”，因此应填现在分词interesting。

友情提醒：时间状语从句或条件状语从句没有一般将来时被动语态动词形式，应用一般现在时被动语态动词形式代替。

例：Few students can understand the sentence until it ________ twice or three times.（2008南通）

A. explains

B. is explained

C. will be explained

D. has explained

析：B。虽然该空表示“将要被解释”，但因用于until引导的时间状语从句，因此应

用一般现在时被动语态动词形式is explained。

四、考查现在完成时被动语态用法

现在完成时被动语态描绘到现在为止已经发生的被动动作，动词形式为has/have been done，主语为第三人称单数名词或代词时使用has，主语为复数名词或代词时使用have。

例：—What’s wrong with your uncle, Jack?

—He is ill. A doctor ________.（2008烟台）

A. has to look for

B. is being operated on

C. must ask for

D. has just been sent for

析：D。该空表示“到现在为止刚刚被请了”，因此应用现在完成时被动语态动词形式has just been sent for。

五、考查含情态动词被动语态用法

含情态动词被动语态常描绘具有特定感情色彩的被动动作，动词形式为：must/should/may/can/can’t be done，表示必须/应该/可以/能够/不能被……。

例1：Old people must ________.（2008烟台）

A. be spoken to politely

B. speak to polite

C. be spoken politely

D. speak polite

析：A。该空表示“被礼貌地与之交谈”且放在情态动词后面，因此应填be spoken to politely。

例2：—Some of the plastic bags can’t ________ after June 1.

—Yes, people will use environmental bags instead.（2008咸宁）

A. use

B. be use

C. be used

D. are used

析：C。该空表示“被使用”且置于can’t后面，因此应填be used。

跟踪练习:

1.The window ________, so you need not wash it again.

A. is washed

B. was washed

C. has been washed

D. will be washed

2.We all feel very glad that our school clothes ________ next month.

A. make

B. will be made

C. are made

D. are making

3.It is said that this bridge ________ for more than ten years.

A. had been built

B. has been built

C. will be built

D. was built

4.On every year’s Spring Festival, the boy and his brother and sister ________ one hundred yuan each.

A. give

B. are given

C. were given

D. will be given

5.This text is very important, so it ________ in the shortest time.

A. remembers

B. must be remembered

C. is remembered

D. is remembering

6.Oh, this is really a big shop. Do you know when it ________?

A. built

B. has been built

C. has built

D. was built

7.Your English is really bad; I think that something ________ to improve it.

A. might be done

B. may be done

C. must be done

D. can be done

8.This is a flower shop, and many kinds of beautiful flowers ________ in it every day.

A. are selling

B. sell

C. were sold

D. are sold

9.Don’t you know this bridge ________ at the end of this month,?

A. is built

B. will be built

C. is being built

D. would be built

10.You needn’t clean the reading room now, because it ________ just now.

A. cleaned

B. was cleaning

C. is cleaned

D. was cleaned

参考答案：

1~5 CBBBB 6~10 DCDBD

三、非谓语动词考点

非谓语动词用动词的变化形式表达不作谓语的动作，主要有不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词四种形式，其在中考中的热点考查内容如下：

一、考查不定式与动名词作主语用法

从总体上讲，不定式与动名词主要体现名词或代词特点，均可作主语，没有明显区别。另外，两者均可用it作形式主语。但是it作形式主语、不定式作真正主语使用得较为普遍，而it作形式主语、动名词作真正主语却只用于It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.句型。

例1：If you are weak ________ a subject, ________ and asking a teacher for advice can help.（2008山东）

A. at; working hard

B. in; work hard

C. at; work hard

D. in; working hard

析：D。第一空表示“在……学科”，因此应填介词in；主句谓语为can help，因此第二空缺主语，可由动名词担任，应填working hard。

例2：It’s dangerous for you ________ that tall tree.（2008芜湖）

A. climb

B. to climb

C. climbing

D. climbed

析：B。句中It作形式主语，可用不定式作真正主语，因此应填to climb。

二、考查不定式与动名词作宾语用法

大多数及物动词后面既可接不定式作宾语又可接动名词作宾语，没有明显区别，但plan, pretend, decide, expect, wish, hope, want, seem等及物动词后面需接不定式作宾语；consider, mind, enjoy, suggest, finish, imagine, practise, include, appreciate, miss, can’t help, excuse…for…, be busy, insist on, put off, keep on, give up, feel like等及物动词或短语后面需接动名词作宾语。下列及物动词后面用不定式还是动名词作宾语有明显的区别：stop to do sth.停下来去做某事，stop doing停止做某事；remember/forget doing sth.记得/忘了曾经做过某事，remember/forget to do sth.记住/忘了去做某事；go on doing sth.继续做同一事，go on to do sth.继续做另一事；try doing sth.试着做某事，try to do sth.尽力做某事。

例1：—Linda, when shall we take a walk?

—After I finish ________ the dishes.（2008北京）

A. wash

B. washed

C. to wash

D. washing

析：D。finish后面只能接动名词作宾语，因此该空应填washing。

例2：Do you enjoy ________ English in our class, Mr. Green?（2008北京朝阳区）

A. teach

B. taught

C. to teach

D. teaching

析：D。enjoy后面只能接动名词作宾语，因此该空应填teaching。

例3：—You aren’t a stranger, are you?

—________, don’t you remember ________ me at the school gate ten minutes ago?（2008

山东）

A. Yes; to see

B. No; seeing

C. No; saw

D. Yes; seeing’

析：B。第一空表示“是的，我不是陌生人”且用来对前面否定、后面肯定式反意疑问句作回答，因此应填No (I’m not)；第二空表示“（记得）曾经见过”，因此应填动名词seeing作remember宾语。

例4：—Would you mind ________ your bike?

—No, not at all. I’ll put it under the tree right away.（2008咸宁）

A. move

B. to move

C. moves

D. moving

析：D。mind后面应接动名词作宾语，因此该空应填moving。

例5：Stop ________ so much noise! My father is sleeping.（2008烟台）

A. to make

B. making

C. to hear

D. hearing

析：B。该空表示“（停止）发出”，因此应填动名词making作Stop的宾语。

例6：If you feel tired, you may stop ________.（2008莆田）

A. have a rest

B. to have a rest

C. having a rest

析：B。该空表示“停下来休息一会儿”，因此应用不定式to have a rest作sto的p宾语。

三、考查动名词作介词宾语用法

一般情况下，介词后面应接动名词作宾语。look forward to (向往), be/become/get used to (习惯于), pay attention to (注意) , get down to (着手)等短语动词中的to为介词，后面应接动名词作宾语。

例1：—________ did you tell him about the news?

—By ________ an e-mail.（2008咸宁）

A. How; sending

B. How; send

C. How; sent

D. What; sending

析：A。答句中的By暗示该空表示“如何”，因此第一空应填How；By为介词，后面应接动名词作宾语，因此第二空应填sending。

例2：“What about ________ soccer this Saturday?”“Sounds great.” (2007贵阳)

A. playing

B. play

C. plays

析：A。about为介词，后面应接动名词做宾语,因此该空应填playing。

例3：He used to ________ in the sun, but now he is used to ________ at night. (2007兰州)

A. read, read

B. reading, read

C. read, reading Dreading, reading

析：C。句中used to表示“过去常常做某事”，因此第一空应填read；is used to 表示“习惯于做某事”，to为介词，后面应接动名词作宾语，因此第二空应填reading。

四、考查不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语用法

不定式作宾语补足语通常用在tell, want, ask, invite, warn, order等及物动词后面；现在分词作宾语补足语强调特定动作正在进行之中；过去分词作宾语补足语强调某一动作被完成。

例1：Tomorrow’s meeting is very important. Please ask them ________ there on time.

（2008北京朝阳区）

A. go

B. going

C. to go

D. went

析：C。ask后面应用不定式作宾语补足语，因此该空应填to go。

例2：My watch doesn’t work. I must have it ________.（2008烟台）

A. repaired

B. repairs

C. repair

D. repairing

析：A。该空表示“被修理”，因此应填repaired作宾语补足语。

友情提醒：不定式作宾语补足语有否定形式not to do sth.，常用在ask, tell, order, warn, want等动词后面。

例1：The teacher told the boys ________ in the street.（2008烟台）

A. not play

B. not to play

C. don’t play

D. don’t to play

析：B。tell后面应接不定式作宾语，其否定式为tell sb. not to do sth.。

例2：My mother asks me ________ TV before finishing my homework.（2008长沙）

A. not to watch

B. not watch

C. not watching

析：A。ask后面应接不定式作宾语补足语，其否定式为ask sb. not to do sth.。

五、考查不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语用法

不定式可作目的状语（否定式为not to do sth.），也可作原因状语、结果状语（强调出乎意料）、表语形容词状语、补足语形容词状语、enough to结构的程度状语、too…to…结构的结果状语；现在分词可作伴随状语、原因状语、时间状语，强调主动的动作，多位于句首或句末；过去分词可作原因状语、伴随状语和条件状语，表达被动的动作。

例1：—My brother’s ill in hospital.

—I’m sorry ________ that.（2008北京）

A. hear

B. be hearing

C. heard

D. to hear

析：D。be sorry后面应接不定式做原因状语。

例2：The little girl was too frightened ________ a word.（2008烟台）

A. not to tell

B. not to say

C. to tell

D. to say

析：D。too +adj.后面应接不定式作结果状语。

例3：—Linda, I am very thirsty.

—Let’s go to the nearest supermarket ________ some drinks, OK? （2007重庆）

A. buy

B. bought

C. to buy

D. buying

析：C。该空表示“为了购买”，因此应填不定式to buy作目的状语。

六、考查疑问词+不定式结构用法

疑问词+不定式结构通常在句中作主语、宾语或表语，相当于主语/宾语/表语从句。

例1：We are going for a picnic tomorrow. I’ll call Wendy to make sure ________.（2008河北）

A. why to start

B. when to start

C. what to start

D. which to start

析：B。该空表示“何时出发”，因此应填疑问词+不定式结构when to start作宾语。

例2：—Will you please show me ________ Skype to talk to others?

—Sure, it’s quite easy.（2008石家庄）

A. how can I use

B. what can I use

C. what to use

D. how to use

析：D。it’s quite easy暗示该空表示“如何使用”，可用疑问词+不定式结构how to use 作宾语。

七、考查对不定式省to场合的判断

下列场合的不定式常省略to：使役动词、感观动词之后（改成被动语态后应加to）；why, why not后面；助动词、情态动词后面；had better/best, would rather后面。help后面接不定式可以带to也可以不带to。

例1：We’re in class. You’d better not ________.（2008北京朝阳区）

A. talk

B. talking

C. talked

D. to talk

析：A。had better not或’d better not后面接不定式不带to。

例2：It seems that it is going to rain. You’d better ________ the windows open when you leave the house.（2008河南）

A. not leave

B. leave

C. not to leave

D. to leave

析：A。had better, ’d better后面接不定式不带to，否定式为had better/’d better not do。

例3：—Mary was heard ________ just now. What happened?

—John was telling a joke.（2008南通）

A. cry

B. to cry

C. laugh

D. to laugh

析：D。be heard后面接不定式作主语补足语应带to。

跟踪练习:

1. ________ along with a rude woman is really a very terrible thing to me.

A. Getting

B. Get

C. Got

D. Being got

2.Don’t forget ________ the letter for me when you pass by the post office.

A. post

B. to post

C. posted

D. posing

3.As far as I know, they haven’t decided when ________ for Shanghai.

A. to be leaving

B. to leave

C. leaving

D. leave

4.Professor Li is often seen ________ something in his office.

A. to write

B. write

C. wrote

D. written

5.She told me ________ about my lessons, which showed her kindness.

A. needn’t worry

B. don’t worry

C. not to worry

D. not worry

6.You look very tired, so I think that you should stop ________ a rest.

A. to have

B. from having

C. having

D. of having

7. ________ this important exam, he studied really very hard.

A. To pass

B. Passing

C. Pass

D. Passed

8.To be honest, I ________ him to do it the other day.

A. saw

B. let

C. hoped

D. advised

9.I feel like ________ a long walk. Would you like to go with me?

A. taking

B. to take

C. taken

D. took

10.Hearing the good news, he couldn’t help ________ with joy.

A. jumping

B. to jump

C. jump

D. jumped

11.You looked tired. You should stop ________ and go to bed.

A. to study

B. from studying

C. studying

D. of studying

12.Having just come from the countryside, the little girl is not used to ________ in the city.

A. live

B. living

C. have lived

D. lived

13.We are really looking forward to ________ you in that country again.

A. meeting

B. meet

C. have met

D. met

14. —What do you think of the book?

—Oh, excellent. It’s worth ________ a second time.

A. to read

B. to be read

C. reading

D. being read

15.When I stood before many people, I could feel my heart ________ fast.

A. to be beating

B. was beating

C. beat

D. beating

16. When I was passing by I saw them ________ basketball on the playground.

A. play

B. to play

C. playing

D. played

17. ________ a deep breath, they jumped into the water.

A. Taken

B. Taking

C. To take

D. Took

18. Just then I heard somebody ________ in the next room.

A. sing

B. singing

C. sung

D. to sing

19.The children came into the classroom, ________.

A. talked and laughed

B. to talk and laugh

C. having talked and laughed

D. talking and laughing

20. ________ black and blue, the little girl almost cried.

A. Beat

B. Beaten

C. Beating D To beat

参考答案：

1~5 ABBAC 6~10 AADAA 11~15 CBACD 16~20 CBBDB

四、情态动词考点

众所周知，情态动词属体现特定情感态度的助动词，后面应接原形动词，它很少有人称、数或时态的变化，其热点考查内容如下：

一、考查may, might, must, can的推测性用法

may, might, must, can均可表示推测。may, might表示“可许，可能”，might可能性比may小，两词均必须用于肯定句；must表示“一定，必定”，也必须用于肯定句；can表示“或许，可能”，多用于否定句和疑问句；may not, might not表示“可能不”，might not语气较may not委婉，可能性也小一些；can’t表示“不可能”。

例1：—Our class won the English speaking contest.

—Congratulations! You ________ be very proud of it.（2008河南）

A. can

B. need

C. would

D. must

析：D。该空表示“一定”，用于肯定句表示推测，因此应填must。

例2：—My house is very near a busy street.

—It ________ be very quiet.（2008盐城）

A. can

B. must

C. can’t

D. mustn’t

析：C。very near a busy street暗示该空表示“不可能”，因此应填can’t表示推测。

例3：—Is John coming by train?

—He should, but he ________ not. He likes driving his car.（2007苏州）

A. must

B. can

C. may

D. need

析：C。分析He should与He likes driving his car.之间的逻辑关系可以推出该空表示“可能（不）”，所以应填may。

二、考查may, might, must, can的非推测性用法

除表示推测外，may, might, must, can还有一些非推测性用法：may表示“可以”，用来表达允许对方做某事或征求对方许可做某事；might表示“可以”，用来征求对方许可做某事，比may更委婉；can表示“可以”，用来征求对方许可做某事或允许对方做某事，也可表示“能、会”，强调能力；must表示“必须，应该”，强调责任和义务，意义否定式为needn’t（不必），形式否定式为mustn’t（严禁、禁止）。

例1：—________ you speak Japanese?

—No, I can’t.（2008北京）

A. Can

B. Must

C. May

D. Should

析：A。由问句和答句之间的逻辑关系可以推出该空表示“能够”，因此应填Can。

例2：Thomas, please be quiet. The others ________ hear very well.（2008河北）

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. shouldn’t

D. needn’t

析：A。be quiet暗示该空表示“不能”，因此应填can’t。

例3：We ________ careful when we are walking across the road. There are too many vehicles now.（2008山西）

A. can be

B. may be

C. must be

析：C。too many vehicles暗示该空表示“必须”，因此应填must be。

例4：—Must I finish the work today?

—No, you ________. You ________ finish it tomorrow.（2008青海）

A. mustn’t; must

B. needn’t; may

C. can’t; may

析：B。第一空表示“不必”，因此应填needn’t；第二空表示“可以”，因此应填may。

三、考查情态动词委婉表达法

could和might可置于句首构成一般疑问句，表示客气的请求，此时它们不是过去式，而属委婉表达法，回答时应将其还原成can或may。

例：—Could I borrow your dictionary?

—Of course you ________.（2007陕西）

A. can

B. must

C. should

D. will

析：A。问句中的Could为Can的委婉表达法，因此回答时应还原成can。

四、考查征求对方意见情态动词用法

shall可以用于第一、三人称来征求对方意见，肯定回答可用must，否定回答可用needn’t 或don’t have to；will可用于第二人称来征求对方意见，回答时可用I’d like/love to或With pleasure。

例1：—Shall I tell Marie about it?

—No, you ________. I’ve already told her.（2008石家庄）

A. needn’t

B. can’t

C. mustn’t

D. shouldn’t

析：A。句中Shall用于第一人称征求对方意见，因此该空应填needn’t作否定回答。

例2：—Attention, boys and girls! Our class will see a film tomorrow at Caihong Theater.

—OK. But when ________ we meet? (2006山东)

A. will

B. shall

C. should

D. must

析：B。该空用于第一人称征求对方意见，所以应填shall。

五、考查其他情态动词用法

should表示“应该”，用于各种人称；need表示“必须，必要”，否定式为needn’t，

但一般疑问句的肯定回答应该为must；have to表示主观上不愿但客观上必须做某事，构成疑问句、否定句和反意疑问句时均需借助助动词do, does, did来进行。

例1：We ________ fight against pollution.（2008芜湖）

A. may

B. should

C. mustn’t

D. needn’t

析：B。与污染做斗争是我们应该做的事，因此该空应填should。

例2：—I can’t give up smoking, doctor.

—For your health, I’m afraid you ________. （2008厦门）

A. may

B. can

C. have to

析：C。For your health暗示该空表示“必须，不得不”，因此应填have to。

例3：—May I do the rest of the work tomorrow?

—Yes, of course. You ________ finish it today.（2007成都）

A. must

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

析：C。Yes, of course.暗示该空表示“不必”，因此应填needn’t。

跟踪练习:

1. —________ the news that our headmaster has returned from abroad be true?

—No, it ________.

A. Can; can’t

B. Can; mustn’t

C. May; can’t

D. Must; mustn’t

2. —Will the final English exam that we will take at the end of this week be difficult?

—It ________ be very difficult, but I’m not so sure.

A. must

B. can’t

C. mustn’t

D. may not

3. I’m not good at physics, so I’m afraid that I ________ work out this difficult physics problem.

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. won’t

4. —Could I put you to the trouble of answering me a question?

—Yes, you ________.

A. could

B. might

C. can

D. must

5. —Might I have a few minutes of rest now? I’m so tired.

—Yes, you ________.

A. might

B. may

C. could

D. need

6. —Shall I write down all the words on the blackboard now?

—No, you ________.

A. mustn’t

B. can’t

C. won’t

D. needn’t

7. Mary has got home. ________ she come here to see you immediately?

A. Will

B. Shall

C. May

D. Can

8. Since you have so much work to do, you ________ be very busy.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. need

9. —Must I stop what I’m doing at present to help you to finish your work?

—No, you ________.

A. mustn’t

B. needn’t

C. can’t

D. shouldn’t

10. —Need I do all the English exercises before school is over, Mr Smith?

—Yes, you ________.

A. need

B. must

C. shall

D. can

参考答案：

1~5 ADACB 6~10 DBCBB

五、形容词、副词考点

形容词、副词有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式，每一种形式的确定与修饰状况、被比较者数目和语境逻辑有密切联系，其热点考查内容如下：

一、考查形容词、副词区别

形容词、副词区别由其修饰状况而定：修饰联系动词和名词用形容词，修饰行为动词、形容词和过去分词用副词。

例1：Don’t worry. He is ________ to look after little Betty.（2008湖北恩施州）

A. carefully enough

B. enough careful

C. careful enough

D. enough carefully

析：C。is为联系动词，应用形容词修饰，所以空档应填careful enough。enough修饰形容词应放在其后，因此B错误。

例2：Please read every sentence ________. The more ________ you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.（2008哈尔滨）

A. carefully; carefully

B. careful; careful

C. carefully; careful

析：C。read为行为动词，应用副词修饰，所以第一空应填carefully；are为联系动词，应用形容词修饰，因此第二空应填careful。

二、考查对形容词与副词比较等级的判断

形容词与副词有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。描绘单个人/物在特定时间的状况用原级形容词、副词。在两个人/物之间作比较时用比较级形容词、副词。

例1：I think real cards are ________ than e-cards.（2008北京）

A. nine

B. nicer

C. nicest

D. the nicest

析：B。than暗示该空应用比较级形容词，因此应填nicer。

例2：—What delicious cakes!

—They would taste ________ with butter, I guess.（2008石家庄）

A. good

B. better

C. well

D. worse

析：B。with butter暗示该空表示“更好”，因此应填比较级形容词better。

例3：Which is _________, an elephant or a tiger?（2008荆州）

A. strong

B. stronger

C. strongest

D. the strongest

析：B。an elephant or a tiger暗示该空表示“更强壮”，因此应填比较级形容词stronger。

在三个或三个以上人/物之间做比较时用最高级形容词、副词。

例1：Of all the students, Linda draws ________ carefully.（2008北京朝阳区）

A. very

B. much

C. more

D. most

析：D。Of all the students暗示该空表示“最”，因此应填most。

例2：David jumped ________ in the long jump. He won the game!（2008河北）

A. longest

B. farthest

C. fastest

D. highest

析：B。in the long jump与won the game暗示该空表示“最远”，因此应填最高级副词farthest。

例3：—Who runs ________, Lisa, Eliza or Tara?

—Eliza does.（2008襄樊）

A. fast

B. faster

C. the fastest

D. most fast

析：C。Lisa, Eliza or Tara暗示该空表示“最快”，因此应填最高级副词the fastest。

例4：Jimmy used to be a short boy, but now he is the ________ in his class.（2008太原）

A. tall

B. taller

C. tallest

析：C。but与in his class暗示该空表示“最高”，因此应填最高级形容词tallest。

三、考查对修饰比较级的程度副词的判断

比较级形容词、副词可用程度副词修饰，常见的有still, far, even, much, very much, a great deal, a lot, a bit, a little, rather, any（常用于否定句和疑问句）。当然这些程度副词后面也必须接比较级形容词、副词。

例：Now telephones are very popular and they are much ________ than before. (2007重庆)

A. cheap

B. cheaper

C. cheapest

D. the cheapest

析：B。much应修饰比较级形容词，所以空档应填cheaper。

四、考查对含比较级重要句型的判断

含比较级的重要句型很多，常见的有：the+比较级, the+比较级，越……越……，强调有特定条件就会有相应结果。more and more，越来越多的，既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词；越来越……，修饰多音节或部分双音节形容词、副词（原级）。what’s more，更重要的是，强调后者好的力度更甚于前者。what’s worse, to make the matter worse，更糟糕的是，强调后者坏的力度更甚于前者。

例1：The more regularly we eat, the ________ we are.（2008莆田）

A. healthy

B. healthier

C. healthiest

析：B。由已知句子结构和语境逻辑可以推出该空应填比较级形容词healthier，构成the+比较级, the +比较级句型。

例2：The busier he is, the ________ he feels. (2007天津)

A. happily

B. happy

C. happier

D. more happy

析：C。已知句子结构和语境逻辑暗示题干为the +比较级, the+比较级句型，因此空档应填比较级形容词happier。

例3：I love Urumqi because it is becoming ________. (2007乌鲁木齐)

A. more and more beautiful

B. beautiful and beautiful

C. clean and clean

D. more and more clean

析：A。beautiful属多音节形容词，所以表示“越来越美丽”应用more and more beautiful。

五、考查as…as重要句型

as…as“和……一样”，as…as中间应用原级形容词、副词，否定式为not as/so…as；as…as +数词+名词（复数）“……达……”；x times as…as…“……是……x倍”；as…as you can/possible“尽可能……”。

例1：This maths problem is ________ that one. (2007济南)

A. so easy as

B. as difficult as

C. much difficult than

D. less easier than

析：B。该空表示“……和……一样难”，所以应填as difficult as。

例2：Don’t just believe the advertisement. That kind of camera is ________ it says. (2007河北)

A. as good as

B. not as good as

C. as well as

D. not as well as

析：B。由Don’t just believe的语境逻辑可以推出空档表示“不如……好”，又因其修饰联系动词，所以应填not as good as。

六、考查比较级与冠词的搭配关系

形容词、副词比较等级与冠词有一定的搭配关系，不可和than连用的比较级形容词前

面可用不定冠词修饰，表示“一个更……的”；当被比较两者被提供时名词前面的比较级形容词应用the修饰。

例1：—Did you enjoy yourself at the party?

—Yes. I’ve never been to ________ one before. (2007苏州)

A. a more exciting

B. the most excited

C. a more excited D .the most exciting

析：A。空档表示“一个更令人兴奋的（晚会）”，因此应填a more exciting。

例2：—Whom would you like to be your assistant, Jack or David?

—If I had to choose, David would be ________ choice. (2007南昌)

A. good

B. better

C. the better

D. the best

析：C。Jack or David表明被比较两者被明确提供，因此choice前面应用the better修饰。

七、考查对易混比较级、最高级的判别

一些形容词与副词的比较级与最高级很容易混淆：little 少，less 较少的，least 最少的，均修饰不可数名词；few 少，fewer 较少的，fewest 最少的，均修饰可数名词；many, 多，more 较多的，most 最多的，均修饰可数名词；much 多，more 较多的，most 最多的，均修饰不可数名词；far 远，farther 较远的，farthest 最远的，均强调距离；far 远，further 进一步的，furthest 最深层的，均强调程度；old 老，older 较老的，oldest 最老的，均强调年龄；old 老，elder 较年长的，eldest 最年长的, 均强调长幼顺序。

例1：Daniel is a careful driver, but he drives ________ of my friends.（2008苏州）

A. more carefully

B. the most carefully

C. less carefully

D. the least carefully

析：D。由but的转折性语境逻辑可知，该空表示“最不小心地”，因此应填the least carefully。

例2：—If there are ________ people driving, there will be ________ air pollution.

—Yes, the air will be fresher.（2008咸宁）

A. less; less

B. less; fewer

C. fewer; fewer

D. fewer; less

析：D。第一空表示“较少的”且修饰可数名词people，因此应填fewer；第二空表示“较少的”且修饰不可数名词air pollution，因此应填less。

跟踪练习:

1. —If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one.

—OK, but do you have ________ size in blue? This one’s a bit small for me.

A. a big

B. a bigger

C. the big

D. the bigger

2.She doesn’t speak ________ her friends, but her written work is excellent.

A. as well as

B. as often as

C. so much as

D. as good as

3.Of all the story books, I like this one ________. It’s not interesting at all.

A. very much

B. the best

C. very less

D. the least

4.This kind of cloth is as soft and smooth as silk but ________ expensive.

A. more less

B. much less

C. a lot of less

D. still as

5.I think that my aunt’s health is ________.

A. as poor, if not poorer than, my uncle

B. as poor as, if not poorer than, my uncle’s

C. so poor as, if not poorer than, my uncle’s

D. as poor as, if not poorer than, my uncle

6.This year they have produced ________ rice ________ they did last year.

A. as less; as

B. as few; as

C. less; than

D. fewer; than

7.It takes a long time to go there by train; it’s ________ by road.

A. quick

B. the quickest

C. much quick

D. quicker

8.Which is ________ country, Canada or Australia?

A. a large

B. larger

C. a larger

D. the larger

9.The pianos in the other shop will be ________, but ________.

A. cheaper, not as better

B. more cheap, not as better

C. cheaper, not as good

D. more cheap, not as good

10. Of all the students, he spent ________hours but made ________ progress.

A. most; most

B. more; more

C. fewest; most

D. least; fewest

11.It seems that these oranges taste ________.

A. good

B. well

C. to be good

D. to be well

12.You can sit on this newly bought chair ________.

A. comfort

B. comfortable

C. comfortably

D. with comfortable

13. English is better than ________, so I want to learn it well.

A. any other Asian language

B. any Asian language else.

C. any of the other Asian languages

D. Asian language.

14.My ________ brother is five years ________ than I.

A. elder; older

B. older; elder

C. older; older

D. elder; elder

15. The information is not enough, so we should look ________ into the matter.

A. farther

B. further

C. farthest

D. furthest

参考答案：

1~5 BADBB 6~10 CDDCC 11~15 ACDAB

责任编辑：孟建华

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