Qt英文文献

Qt is a cross platform C++ graphical user interface application framework. It provides application developers to build a state-of-the-art graphical user interface functionality required by. Qt is fully object oriented, and is easy to extend, and allows the real component programming. It has become a worldwide thousands of successful application based. Qt is also popular Linux desktop environment based KDE, KDE is all of the major Linux edition of a standard component. Qt supports the following platforms: MS/Windows - 95,98, NT 4, ME,2000, XP and Vista,

Unix/X11- Linux, Sun Solaris, HP-UX, Compaq Tru64UNIX, IBM AIX, SGI IRIX and many other X11platform Macintosh - Mac OS X Embedded - frame buffer ( framebuffer ) to support the Linux platform, Windows CE. Nokia Qt is a product of the company. Qt open source version is Qt only in order to develop free and open source software, provides the commercial version of the same function. The GNU general public license, it is free. The latest version can be downloaded here. From May 11, 2009 onwards, Nokia Qt Software announced the Qt source code library open to the public, Qt developers through the Qt and Qt projects related to contribute code, translation, sample and other content, to guide and shape the future development of Qt. In the introduction of open Qt code library at the same time, Qt Software in its official website announced their product planning ( Roadmap ). The overview of the research and development project of new function, show the stage directions for future development of Qt point of view, in order to encourage the community to provide feedback and contribute code, to guide and shape the future of Qt. Qt 4.6includes the first support for the Symbian, and in its supporting platform added Windows 7, Apple Mac OS 10.6( snow leopard ) and the upcoming Maemo6. Qt on Symbian and Maemo support for developers created using the same code library at the same time, the two platform for the development opportunities. Able to cross the platform to share code means that developers to develop applications listed speed will be faster, effect of the device user group will be wider. Qt Mobility project under the new Qt API technology preview was released at the same time in today. These cross platform API provides

developers with a variety of functions, such as navigation equipment localization function, and information transmitting and receiving, contacts and network connection management. Qt 4.6 is in the 4.5 graphical enhancements

on the basis of the creation, and further strengthen the graphics function, adding new animation framework ( Animation Framework ) -- including intuitive state machine function -- as well as a new advanced graphics functions, such as opaque, shadow, flash and filter. The release of Qt4.6, Qt development as cross platform IDE Qt Creator also released an updated version. Qt Creator 1.3and Qt 4.6together constitute the Qt SDK, including the development of cross-platform applications for all of the functions. Qt good encapsulation mechanism makes

Qt modular degree is high, can be reused, for users development is very convenient. Qt provides a safe type called signals/slots instead of callback, which makes each element of collaborative work between becomes very simple. Qt includes up to 250 more than C++, also provides a template based collections, serialization, file, I/Odevice, directory management, date/time. Even a regular expression processing function. XML support. Webkit engine, can achieve the local interface with Web content integration. But what makes the Qt in the free software world many Widgets ( such as Lesstif, Gtk, EZWGL, Xforms, fltk etc.) in the talent showing itself is based on Qt heavyweight software KDE Qt Creator is a complete integrated development environment (IDE) for creating applications with the Qt application framework. Qt is designed for developing applications and user interfaces once and deploying them across several desktop and mobile operating systems. This paper provides an introduction to Qt Creator and the features it provides to Qt developers during the application development life-cycle.

Introduction to Qt Creator

One of the major advantages of Qt Creator is that it allows a team of developers to share a project across different development platforms (Microsoft Windows?, Mac OS X?, and Linux?) with a common tool for development and debugging.

The main goal for Qt Creator is meeting the development needs of Qt

developers who are looking for simplicity, usability, productivity, extendibility and openness, while aiming to lower the barrier of entry for newcomers to Qt. The key features of Qt Creator allow the developers to accomplish the following tasks:

Get started with Qt application development quickly and easily with project wizards, and quickly access recent projects and sessions.

Design Qt widget-based application user interface with the integrated editor, Qt Designer.

Develop applications with the advanced C++ code editor that provides new powerful features for completing code snippets, refactoring code, and viewing the outline of files (that is, the symbol hierarchy of a file).

Build, run, and deploy Qt projects that target multiple desktop and mobile platforms, such as Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, Symbian, MeeGo, and Maemo.

Debug with the GNU and CDB debuggers using a graphical user interface with increased awareness of Qt class structures.

Use code analysis tools to check for memory management issues in your applications.

Deploy applications to mobile devices and create application installation packages for Symbian, MeeGo, and Maemo devices that can be published in the Ovi Store and other channels.

Easily access information with the integrated context-sensitive Qt Help system.

Qt Creator is part of Qt Quick, which allows designers and developers to create the kind of intuitive, modern-looking, fluid user interfaces that are increasingly used on mobile phones, media players, set-top boxes and other portable devices. Qt Creator enables collaboration between designers

and developers.

Supported Operating Systems

Qt Creator installation packages are available for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. Qt Creator can be run on other platforms, but that requires the

compilation of the publicly available source code. Building and running Qt Creator from source code may require a separate installation of Qt on your computer.

Working with Qt Creator

When you start Qt Creator, it opens to the Welcome mode, where you can open tutorials and example projects or start the project wizard to create your own projects.

Qt Creator meets its design goals of simplicity, ease-of-use, and productivity by relying on the concept of modes. These adapt the user interface to the different application development tasks at hand. Developers can use the mode selector or keyboard shortcuts to switch to a Qt Creatormode.

Each mode has its own view that shows only the information required for performing a given task and provides only the most relevant features and functions related to it. As a result, the majority of the Qt Creator window area is always dedicated to actual application development tasks.

Creating Projects

To be able to build and run applications, Qt Creator needs the same information as a compiler would need. This information is specified in the project build and run settings.

When the steps have been completed, Qt Creator automatically generates the project with required headers, source files, user interface descriptions and project files, as defined by the wizard.

Not only does the wizard help new users get up and running quickly, it also enables more experienced users to streamline their workflow for the creation of new projects. The convenient user interface makes it easier to ensure that a project begins with the correct configuration and dependencies.

Designing User Interface

Qt Creator provides a fully integrated visual editor, Qt Designer. Qt Designer is a tool for designing and building graphical user interfaces from Qt widgets. Users can compose and customize widgets or dialogs and test those using different styles and resolutions.

Widgets and forms created with Qt Designer are integrated seamlessly with programmed code, using the Qt signals and slots mechanism, which lets users easily assign behavior to graphical elements. All properties set in Qt Designer can be changed dynamically within the code. Furthermore, features such as widget promotion and custom plugins allow users to use their own widgets with Qt Designer.

Qt Designer is used for editing user interface files. It presents users with an intuitive drag-and-drop interface for composing new user interfaces. The user interfaces that are designed with Qt Designer are fully functional and can be previewed immediately to ensure that the design is as intended. There is no need to recompile the entire project to test out a new design.

Coding

Writing, editing and navigating in source code are core tasks in application development. Therefore, the code editor is one of the key components of Qt Creator. The code editor can be used in the Edit mode to write code.

The code editor offers a number of features that help developers maintain readability and coding style:

Syntax highlighting for keywords, symbols, and macros in C++ files. In addition, generic highlighting is supported for other types of files.

Code completion for elements, properties, ids and code snippets. This is also supported for developers’ own classes in the current project.

Checking code syntax and marking errors (with wavy underlining in red) while editing, making it unnecessary to use compilation simply as a way to find typos and syntax errors.

Auto-indentation for source code layout.

The ability to collapse and expand functions in the source code (code folding).

The Locator navigation tool for quick access to files, symbols, hierarchy, and other information.

Support for refactoring code to improve the internal quality or your application, its performance and extendibility, and code readability and

maintainability, as well as to simplify code structure.

In addition to these features, the code editor has other useful features, such as:

Incremental search that highlights the matching strings in the window while typing. Advanced search allows you to search from currently open projects or files on the file system. In addition, you can search for symbols when you want to refactor code.

Line numbering and current line highlighting.

Easy commenting and uncommenting of code.

Quick switching between method definition and function declaration.

Bookmarks for easier navigation in the code.

The code editor supports different keyboard shortcuts for faster editing. It is possible to work without using the mouse at all, allowing developers to keep their hands on the keyboard and work more productively.

Building for Multiple Targets

Qt Creator provides support for building and running Qt applications for desktop environments (Windows, Linux, and Mac OS) and mobile devices (Symbian, MeeGo, Maemo).

Qt Creator allows developers to specify separate build settings for each development platform and to quickly switch between build targets. By default, shadow builds are used to keep the build specific files separate from the source. Developers can create separate versions of project files to keep platform-dependent code separate. They can use qmake scopes to select the file to process depending on which platform qmake is run on.

As well as providing support for qmake, Qt’s own build tool, Qt Creator also comes with support for CMake[https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cb10479173.html,], a popular alternative. CMake is a cross-platform configuration and build tool that works with the native compiler toolchains on Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux and other platforms that the tool supports. However, the only supported build system for mobile applications in Qt Creator is qmake.

Qt Creator also supports generic projects, where developers either use an

unsupported build system, or do not want to associate a build system with their project at all. In cases like these, Qt Creator works as a code editor, and build settings can be manually specified for the project.

Debugging

Qt Creator is integrated with several external native debuggers: GNU Symbolic Debugger (gdb), Microsoft Console Debugger (CDB) and an internal JavaScript debugger. The following figure shows Qt Creator in Debug mode with the debugging tools pane below the code editor.

In Debug mode, developers can perform common debugging tasks, including the following:

Interrupt program execution.

Step through the program line-by-line or instruction-by-instruction.

Set breakpoints.

Examine call stack contents.

Examine and modify registers and memory contents of the debugged program.

Examine and modify registers and memory contents of local and global variables.

Examine the list of loaded shared libraries.

Create snapshots of the current state of the debugged program and re-examine them later.

Qt Creator displays the raw information provided by the native debuggers in a clear and concise manner. This simplifies the debugging process as much as possible without losing the power of the native debuggers.

In addition to the generic IDE functionality provided by stack view, views for locals and expressions, registers, and so on, Qt Creator includes features to make debugging Qt-based applications easy. The debugger plugin understands the internal layout of several Qt classes, as well as most containers of the C++ Standard Library and some gcc and Symbian extensions. This deeper understanding is used to present objects of such classes in a useful way.

If Qt Creator is installed as part of a Qt SDK, the GNU Symbolic Debugger

is installed automatically and developers should be ready to start debugging after they create a new project. However, they can change the setup to use debugging tools for Windows, for example.

Developers can connect mobile devices to the development PC and debug processes running on the devices.

Analyzing Code

The memory available on devices is limited and you should use it carefully. Qt Creator integrates Valgrind code analysis tools for detecting memory leaks and profiling function execution. You must download and install the Valgrind tools separately to use them from Qt Creator.

The QML Profiler is installed as part of Qt Creator. It allows you to profile your Qt Quick applications.

Using Version Control Systems

The recommended way to set up a project is to use a version control system. Only project source files should be stored. Files generated by the build system or Qt Creator should not be stored. Other approaches are possible, but we do not recommend using network resources, for example.

Qt Creator supports a number of version control systems, integrating their use into the working environment. Supported systems include Bazaar, CVS, Git, Mercurial, Perforce, and Subversion.

Configuration is straightforward, with common settings for version control located together and features for specific version control systems located in Tools sub-menus.

Output for each system is shown in the Version Control output pane. User interface elements for displaying commits and managing repositories are also provided for some systems.

Getting Help

From time to time, developers may need further information about a certain class, function, or other part of the Qt API. All the Qt documentation and examples are accessible via Qt Help plugin in Qt Creator.

To view the documentation, the Help mode is used, where most of the

window is devoted to the help text. While working with source code in Edit mode, developers can access context sensitive help by moving the text cursor to a Qt class or function and then press the F1 key. The documentation will be displayed within a panel on the right side of the code editor, as shown in the following figure.

It is also possible to add external documentation to Qt Creator, complementing or replacing the existing documentation as required.

Summary

Qt Creator offers a complete development environment for Qt application creation. It is a lightweight tool with a strict focus on the needs of Qt developers, productivity, and usability.

Key features are the advanced C++ code editor and a graphical user interface for debugging C++ functions. Integrated Qt Designer, Qt Help, and the Locator tool for quick navigation, make Qt Creator the ideal environment for developing Qt applications.

The Qt Creator mode-centric way of working helps developers to focus on the task at hand by presenting only relevant user interface features to them.

Support for cross-platform build systems and version control software ensures that Qt Creator can be integrated fully into the working environment of a development team. In addition, Qt Quick tools for creating fluid user interfaces in close cooperation with the developers allow UI designers to join the team.

关于力的外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

五、外文资料翻译 Stress and Strain 1.Introduction to Mechanics of Materials Mechanics of materials is a branch of applied mechanics that deals with the behavior of solid bodies subjected to various types of loading. It is a field of study that i s known by a variety of names, including “strength of materials” and “mechanics of deformable bodies”. The solid bodies considered in this book include axially-loaded bars, shafts, beams, and columns, as well as structures that are assemblies of these components. Usually the objective of our analysis will be the determination of the stresses, strains, and deformations produced by the loads; if these quantities can be found for all values of load up to the failure load, then we will have obtained a complete picture of the mechanics behavior of the body. Theoretical analyses and experimental results have equally important roles in the study of mechanics of materials . On many occasion we will make logical derivations to obtain formulas and equations for predicting mechanics behavior, but at the same time we must recognize that these formulas cannot be used in a realistic way unless certain properties of the been made in the laboratory. Also , many problems of importance in engineering cannot be handled efficiently by theoretical means, and experimental measurements become a practical necessity. The historical development of mechanics of materials is a fascinating blend of both theory and experiment, with experiments pointing the way to useful results in some instances and with theory doing so in others①. Such famous men as Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) and Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) made experiments to adequate to determine the strength of wires , bars , and beams , although they did not develop any adequate theo ries (by today’s standards ) to explain their test results . By contrast , the famous mathematician Leonhard Euler(1707-1783) developed the mathematical theory any of columns and calculated the critical load of a column in 1744 , long before any experimental evidence existed to show the significance of his results ②. Thus , Euler’s theoretical results remained unused for many years, although today they form the basis of column theory. The importance of combining theoretical derivations with experimentally determined properties of materials will be evident theoretical derivations with experimentally determined properties of materials will be evident as we proceed with

中英文参考文献格式

中文参考文献格式 参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识： M——专著，C——论文集，N——报纸文章，J——期刊文章，D——学位论文，R——报告，S——标准，P——专利；对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。 参考文献一律置于文末。其格式为： （一）专著 示例 [1] 张志建.严复思想研究[M]. 桂林：广西师范大学出版社，1989. [2] 马克思恩格斯全集：第1卷[M]. 北京：人民出版社，1956. [3] [英]蔼理士.性心理学[M]. 潘光旦译注.北京：商务印书馆，1997. （二）论文集 示例 [1] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979. [2] 别林斯基.论俄国中篇小说和果戈里君的中篇小说[A]. 伍蠡甫.西方文论选：下册[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979. 凡引专著的页码，加圆括号置于文中序号之后。 （三）报纸文章 示例 [1] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报，1998-12-27，（3） （四）期刊文章 示例 [1] 郭英德.元明文学史观散论[J]. 北京师范大学学报（社会科学版），1995（3）. （五）学位论文 示例 [1] 刘伟.汉字不同视觉识别方式的理论和实证研究[D]. 北京：北京师范大学心理系，1998. （六）报告 示例 [1] 白秀水，刘敢，任保平. 西安金融、人才、技术三大要素市场培育与发展研究[R]. 西安：陕西师范大学西北经济发展研究中心，1998. （七）、对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明性的注释，置于本页地脚，前面用圈码标识。 参考文献的类型 根据GB3469-83《文献类型与文献载体代码》规定，以单字母标识： M——专著（含古籍中的史、志论著） C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——研究报告 S——标准 P——专利 A——专著、论文集中的析出文献 Z——其他未说明的文献类型 电子文献类型以双字母作为标识： DB——数据库 CP——计算机程序 EB——电子公告

100篇英文经典文献

share with 各位会计、财务专业的同学... （P.S.读英文期刊绝对是体力活...开读前一定要吃好睡好...） 这些是会计学的基础文献，是所有其他文献的参考文献~~~ 经典文献（The 100 articles with the highest citation index-until 1996） 参考：Lawrence D. Brown, 1996, “Influential Accounting Articles, Individuals, Ph. D Granting Institutions and Faculties; A Citational Analysis”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol.21, NO.7/8, P726-728 1. Ball, R. and Brown, P., 1968, “An Empirical Evaluation of Accounting Income Numbers”, journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, pp. 159-178 1. 2.Watts R.L., Zimmerman J., 1978, “Towards a Positive Theory of the Determination of Accounting Standards”, The Ac counting Review, pp. 112-134 2. 3.Healy P.M, 1985, “The Effect of Bonus Schemes on Accounting Decisions”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, April, 85-107 3.Hopwood A. G., “Towards an Organizational Perspective for the Study of Accounting and Information S ystems”, Accounting, Organizations and Society (No. 1, 1978) pp. 3-14 4.Collins, D. W., Kothari, S. P., 1989, “An Analysis of Intertemporal and Cross-Sectional Determinants of Earnings Response Coefficients”, journal of Accounting & Economics, pp. 143-181 5.EastonP.D, Zmijewski M.E, 1989, “Cross-Sectional Variation in the Stock Market Response to Accounting Earnings Announcements”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 117-141 6.Beaver, W. H., 1968, “The Information Content of Annual Earnings Announcements”, jo urnal of Accounting Research, pp. 67-92 7.Holthausen R.W., Leftwich R.W., 1983, “The Economic Consequences of Accounting Choice: Implications of Costly Contracting and Monitoring”, journal of Accounting & Economics, August, pp77-117 8.Patell J.M, 1976, “Corp orate Forecasts of Earnings Per Share and Stock Price Behavior: Empirical Tests. Journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, 246-276 9.Brown L.D., Griffin P.A., Hagerman R.L., Zmijewski M.E, 1987, “An Evaluation of Alternative Proxies for the Market’s Assessment of Unexpected Earnings”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 61-87 10.Ou J.A., Penman S.H., 1989, “Financial Statement Analysis and the Prediction of Stock Returns”, Journal of Ac counting and Economics, Nov., 295-329 11.William H. Beaver, Roger Clarke, William F. Wright, 1979, “The Association between Unsystematic Security Returns and the Magnitude of Earnings Forecast Errors,” Journal of Accounting Research, 17, 316-340.

平面设计中英文对照外文翻译文献

(文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 中英文翻译 平面设计 任何时期平面设计可以参照一些艺术和专业学科侧重于视觉传达和介绍。采用多种方式相结合，创造和符号，图像和语句创建一个代表性的想法和信息。平面设计师可以使用印刷，视觉艺术和排版技术产生的最终结果。平面设计常常提到的进程，其中沟通是创造和产品设计。 共同使用的平面设计包括杂志，广告，产品包装和网页设计。例如，可能包括产品包装的标志或其他艺术作品，举办文字和纯粹的设计元素，如形状和颜色统一件。组成的一个最重要的特点，尤其是平面设计在使用前现有材料或不同的元素。 平面设计涵盖了人类历史上诸多领域，在此漫长的历史和在相对最近爆炸视觉传达中的第20和21世纪，人们有时是模糊的区别和重叠的广告艺术，平面设计和美术。毕竟，他们有着许多相同的内容，理论，原则，做法和语言，有时同样的客人或客户。广告艺术的最终目标是出售的商品和服务。在平面

设计，“其实质是使以信息，形成以思想，言论和感觉的经验”。 在唐朝（ 618-906 ）之间的第4和第7世纪的木块被切断打印纺织品和后重现佛典。阿藏印在868是已知最早的印刷书籍。 在19世纪后期欧洲，尤其是在英国，平面设计开始以独立的运动从美术中分离出来。蒙德里安称为父亲的图形设计。他是一个很好的艺术家，但是他在现代广告中利用现代电网系统在广告、印刷和网络布局网格。 于1849年，在大不列颠亨利科尔成为的主要力量之一在设计教育界，该国政府通告设计在杂志设计和制造的重要性。他组织了大型的展览作为庆祝现代工业技术和维多利亚式的设计。 从1892年至1896年威廉?莫里斯凯尔姆斯科特出版社出版的书籍的一些最重要的平面设计产品和工艺美术运动，并提出了一个非常赚钱的商机就是出版伟大文本论的图书并以高价出售给富人。莫里斯证明了市场的存在使平面设计在他们自己拥有的权利，并帮助开拓者从生产和美术分离设计。这历史相对论是，然而，重要的，因为它为第一次重大的反应对于十九世纪的陈旧的平面设计。莫里斯的工作，以及与其他私营新闻运动，直接影响新艺术风格和间接负责20世纪初非专业性平面设计的事态发展。 谁创造了最初的“平面设计”似乎存在争议。这被归因于英国的设计师和大学教授Richard Guyatt，但另一消息来源于20世纪初美国图书设计师William Addison Dwiggins。 伦敦地铁的标志设计是爱德华约翰斯顿于1916年设计的一个经典的现代而且使用了系统字体设计。 在20世纪20年代，苏联的建构主义应用于“智能生产”在不同领域的生产。个性化的运动艺术在俄罗斯大革命是没有价值的，从而走向以创造物体的功利为目的。他们设计的建筑、剧院集、海报、面料、服装、家具、徽标、菜单等。 Jan Tschichold 在他的1928年书中编纂了新的现代印刷原则，他后来否认他在这本书的法西斯主义哲学主张，但它仍然是非常有影响力。 Tschichold ，包豪斯印刷专家如赫伯特拜耳和拉斯洛莫霍伊一纳吉，和El Lissitzky 是平面设计之父都被我们今天所知。 他们首创的生产技术和文体设备，主要用于整个二十世纪。随后的几年看到平面设计在现代风格获得广泛的接受和应用。第二次世界大战结束后，美国经济的建立更需要平面设计，主要是广告和包装等。移居国外的德国包豪斯设计学院于1937年到芝加哥带来了“大规模生产”极简到美国;引发野火的“现代”建筑和设计。值得注意的名称世纪中叶现代设计包括阿德里安Frutiger ，设计师和Frutiger字体大学;保兰德，从20世纪30年代后期，直到他去世于1996年，采取的原则和适用包豪斯他们受欢迎的广告和标志设计，帮助创造一个独特的办法，美国的欧洲简约而成为一个主要的先驱。平面设计称为企业形象;约瑟夫米勒，罗克曼，设计的海报严重尚未获取1950年代和1960年代时代典型。 从道路标志到技术图表，从备忘录到参考手册，增强了平面设计的知识转让。可读性增强了文字的视觉效果。 设计还可以通过理念或有效的视觉传播帮助销售产品。将它应用到产品和公司识别系统的要素像标志、颜色和文字。连同这些被定义为品牌。品牌已日益成为重要的提供的服务范围，许多平面设计师，企业形象和条件往往是同时交替使用。

10kV小区供配电英文文献及中文翻译

在广州甚至广东的住宅小区电气设计中,一般都会涉及到小区的高低压供配电系统的设计.如10kV高压配电系统图,低压配电系统图等等图纸一大堆.然而在真正实施过程中,供电部门(尤其是供电公司指定的所谓电力设计小公司)根本将这些图纸作为一回事,按其电脑里原有的电子档图纸将数据稍作改动以及断路器按其所好换个厂家名称便美其名曰设计(可笑不?),拿出来的图纸根本无法满足电气设计的设计意图,致使严重存在以下问题:(也不知道是职业道德问题还是根本一窍不通) 1.跟原设计的电气系统货不对板,存在与低压开关柜后出线回路严重冲突,对实际施工造成严重阻碍,经常要求设计单位改动原有电气系统图才能满足它的要求(垄断的没话说). 2.对消防负荷和非消防负荷的供电(主要在高层建筑里)应严格分回路(从母线段)都不清楚,将消防负荷和非消防负荷按一个回路出线(尤其是将电梯和消防电梯,地下室的动力合在一起等等,有的甚至将楼顶消防风机和梯间照明合在一个回路,以一个表计量). 3.系统接地保护接地型式由原设计的TN-S系统竟曲解成"TN-S-C-S"系统(室内的还需要做TN-C,好玩吧?),严格的按照所谓的"三相四线制"再做重复接地来实施,导致后续施工中存在重复浪费资源以及安全隐患等等问题.. ............................(违反建筑电气设计规范等等问题实在不好意思一一例举,给那帮人留点混饭吃的面子算了) 总之吧,在通过图纸审查后的电气设计图纸在这帮人的眼里根本不知何物,经常是完工后的高低压供配电系统已是面目全非了,能有百分之五十的保留已经是谢天谢地了. 所以.我觉得:住宅建筑电气设计,让供电部门走!大不了留点位置,让他供几个必需回路的电,爱怎么折腾让他自个怎么折腾去.. Guangzhou, Guangdong, even in the electrical design of residential quarters, generally involving high-low cell power supply system design. 10kV power distribution systems, such as maps, drawings, etc. low-voltage distribution system map a lot. But in the real implementation of the process, the power sector (especially the so-called power supply design company appointed a small company) did these drawings for one thing, according to computer drawings of the original electronic file data to make a little change, and circuit breakers by their the name of another manufacturer will be sounding good design (ridiculously?), drawing out the design simply can not meet the electrical design intent, resulting in a serious following problems: (do not know or not know nothing about ethical issues) 1. With the original design of the electrical system not meeting board, the existence and low voltage switchgear circuit after qualifying serious conflicts seriously hinder the actual construction, often require changes to the original design unit plans to meet its electrical system requirements (monopoly impress ). 2. On the fire load and fire load of non-supply (mainly in high-rise building in) should be strictly sub-loop (from the bus segment) are not clear, the fire load and fire load of non-qualifying press of a circuit (especially the elevator and fire elevator, basement, etc.

英文文献及中文翻译

毕业设计说明书 英文文献及中文翻译 学院：专 2011年6月 电子与计算机科学技术软件工程

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英文论文及中文翻译

International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials Volume 17, Number 4, August 2010, Page 500 DOI: 10.1007/s12613-010-0348-y Corresponding author: Zhuan Li E-mail: li_zhuan@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cb10479173.html, ? University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 Preparation and properties of C/C-SiC brake composites fabricated by warm compacted-in situ reaction Zhuan Li, Peng Xiao, and Xiang Xiong State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China (Received: 12 August 2009; revised: 28 August 2009; accepted: 2 September 2009) Abstract: Carbon fibre reinforced carbon and silicon carbide dual matrix composites (C/C-SiC) were fabricated by the warm compacted-in situ reaction. The microstructure, mechanical properties, tribological properties, and wear mechanism of C/C-SiC composites at different brake speeds were investigated. The results indicate that the composites are composed of 58wt% C, 37wt% SiC, and 5wt% Si. The density and open porosity are 2.0 g·cm–3 and 10%, respectively. The C/C-SiC brake composites exhibit good mechanical properties. The flexural strength can reach up to 160 MPa, and the impact strength can reach 2.5 kJ·m–2. The C/C-SiC brake composites show excellent tribological performances. The friction coefficient is between 0.57 and 0.67 at the brake speeds from 8 to 24 m·s?1. The brake is stable, and the wear rate is less than 2.02×10?6 cm3·J?1. These results show that the C/C-SiC brake composites are the promising candidates for advanced brake and clutch systems. Keywords: C/C-SiC; ceramic matrix composites; tribological properties; microstructure [This work was financially supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No.2006AA03Z560) and the Graduate Degree Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University (No.2008yb019).] 温压-原位反应法制备C / C-SiC刹车复合材料的工艺和性能 李专，肖鹏，熊翔 粉末冶金国家重点实验室，中南大学，湖南长沙410083，中国（收稿日期：2009年8月12日修订：2009年8月28日;接受日期：2009年9月2日） 摘要：采用温压?原位反应法制备炭纤维增强炭和碳化硅双基体(C/C-SiC)复合材

英文文献及中文翻译撰写格式

关于毕业设计说明书（论文）英文文献及中文翻译撰写格式 为提高我校毕业生毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）的撰写质量，做到毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）在内容和格式上的统一和规范，特规定如下: 一、装订顺序 论文（设计说明书）英文文献及中文翻译内容一般应由3个部分组成，严格按以下顺序装订。 1、封面 2、中文翻译 3、英文文献（原文） 二、书写格式要求 1、毕业设计（论文）英文文献及中文翻译分毕业设计说明书英文文献及中文翻译和毕业论文英文文献及中文翻译两种，所有出现相关字样之处请根据具体情况选择“毕业设计说明书” 或“毕业论文”字样。 2、毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）英文文献及中文翻译中的中文翻译用Word 软件编辑，英文文献用原文，一律打印在A4幅面白纸上，单面打印。 3、毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）英文文献及中文翻译的上边距:30mm；下边距:25mm；左边距:3Omm；右边距:2Omm；行间距1.5倍行距。 4、中文翻译页眉的文字为“中北大学2019届毕业设计说明书” 或“中北大学××××届毕业论文”，用小四号黑体字，页眉线的上边距为25mm；页脚的下边距为18mm。 5、中文翻译正文用小四号宋体，每章的大标题用小三号黑体，加粗，留出上下间距为：段前0.5行，段后0.5行；二级标题用小四号黑体，加粗；其余小标题用小四号黑体，不加粗。 6、文中的图、表、附注、公式一律采用阿拉伯数字分章编号。如图1.2，表2.3，附注3.2或式4.3。 7、图表应认真设计和绘制,不得徒手勾画。表格与插图中的文字一律用5号宋体。

每一插图和表格应有明确简短的图表名，图名置于图之下，表名置于表之上，图表号与图表名之间空一格。插图和表格应安排在正文中第一次提及该图表的文字的下方。当插图或表格不能安排在该页时，应安排在该页的下一页。 图表居中放置，表尽量采用三线表。每个表应尽量放在一页内，如有困难，要加“续表X.X”字样，并有标题栏。 图、表中若有附注时，附注各项的序号一律用阿拉伯数字加圆括号顺序排，如:注①。附注写在图、表的下方。 文中公式的编号用圆括号括起写在右边行末顶格，其间不加虚线。 8、文中所用的物理量和单位及符号一律采用国家标准，可参见国家标准《量和单位》(GB3100~3102-93)。 9、文中章节编号可参照《中华人民共和国国家标准文献著录总则》。

经典会计英文文献目录100篇

经典文献（The 100 articles with the highest citation index-until 1996） 以下所有文献按照：Lawrence D. Brown, 1996, “Influential Accounting Articles, Individuals, Ph. D Granting Institutions and Faculties; A Citational Analysis”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, V ol.21, NO.7/8, P726-728提供的资料 1.Ball, R. and Brown, P., 1968, “An Empirical Evaluation of Accounting Income Numbers”, journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, pp. 159-178 2.Watts R.L., Zimmerman J., 1978, “Towards a Positive Theory of the Dete rmination of Accounting Standards”, The Accounting Review, pp. 112-134 3.Healy P.M, 1985, “The Effect of Bonus Schemes on Accounting Decisions”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, April, 85-107 4.Hopwood A. G., “Towards an Organizational Pe rspective for the Study of Accounting and Information Systems”, Accounting, Organizations and Society (No. 1, 1978) pp. 3-14 5.Collins, D. W., Kothari, S. P., 1989, “An Analysis of Intertemporal and Cross-Sectional Determinants of Earnings Response Coefficients”, journal of Accounting & Economics, pp. 143-181 6.Easton P.D, Zmijewski M.E, 1989, “Cross-Sectional Variation in the Stock Market Response to Accounting Earnings Announcements”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 117-141 7.Bea ver, W. H., 1968, “The Information Content of Annual Earnings Announcements”, journal of Accounting Research, pp. 67-92 8.Holthausen R.W., Leftwich R.W., 1983, “The Economic Consequences of Accounting Choice: Implications of Costly Contracting and Monitoring”, journal of Accounting & Economics, August, pp77-117 9.Patell J.M, 1976, “Corporate Forecasts of Earnings Per Share and Stock Price Behavior: Empirical Tests. Journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, 246-276 10.Brown L.D., Griffin P.A., Hagerman R.L., Zmijewski M.E, 1987, “An Evaluation of Alternative Proxies for the Market’s Assessment of Unexpected Earnings”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 61-87 11.Ou J.A., Penman S.H., 1989, “Financial Statement Analysis and the Prediction o f Stock Returns”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, Nov., 295-329 12.William H. Beaver, Roger Clarke, William F. Wright, 1979, “The Association between Unsystematic Security Returns and the Magnitude of Earnings Forecast Errors,” Journal of Accounting Research, 17, 316-340. 13.Burchell S., Clubb C., Hopwood, A., Hughes J., Nahapiet J., 1980, “The Roles of Accounting in Organizations and Society”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.1, pp. 5-28

中英文翻译与文献

Monolithic integrated circuit history The monolithic integrated circuit was born in the late-1970s, has experienced SCM, MCU, the SOC three big stages. SCM namely monolithic microcomputer (Single Chip Microcomputer) the stage, mainly seeks the best monolithic shape embedded system's best architecture. “the innovation pattern” obtains successfully, has established SCM and the general-purpose calculator completely different development path. In founds on the embedded system independent development path, Intel Corporation has lasting achievements. MCU namely micro controller (Micro Controller Unit) the stage, the main technological development direction is: Expands unceasingly when satisfies the embedded application, the object system request's each kind of peripheral circuit and the interface circuit, underline its object intellectualization control. It involves the domain is related with the object system, therefore, develops the MCU heavy responsibility to fall inevitably on electrical, the electronic technology factory. Looking from this angle, Intel fades out the MCU development also to have its objective factor gradually. Is developing the MCU aspect, the most famous factory family belongings count Philips Corporation. Philips Corporation by it in embedded application aspect huge superiority, MCS-51 from monolithic microcomputer rapidly expand to micro controller. Therefore, when we review the embedded system development path, do not forget Intel and the Philips historical merit. Monolithic integrated circuit is the embedded system's road of independent development, to the MCU stage development's important attribute, seeks application system's on chip maximized solution;