对高中英语晨读的研究

对高中英语晨读的研究

摘要：在高中教学活动中，英语学习得到了非常足够的重视。大部分学生都选择把时间主要花费在英语的学习上，教师也通过让学生进行晨读的方式来提升学生的英语水平。但通过晨读的方式来促进学生英语成绩的提升是否科学，还需要我们更多地去探索和发现。

关键词：高中英语；晨读；研究

晨读对于高中英语学习来说已经可以说是一种习惯了，几乎每一所高中的早自习都会进行英语晨读，但是由于晨读带来的效果无法量化，所以晨读对于高中英语学习的作用有多大，究竟有没有作用都没有一个清晰的概念和界定。例如，前些年非常火热的李阳英语就主张要将英语大声读出来，可是不就之后也就销声匿迹了。这些都让我们不得不思考晨读对高中英语学习有什么影响。

一、晨读对于高中英语教学的促进作用

（一）促进学生口语水平的提高

晨读最为重要的是让学生读出来，这是最基本、最有必要的目的。学生通过大声地、反复地朗读，对单词的发音的掌握程度就会越来越准，从而提高自身口语水平的提高，这种作用就类似于手工艺人练习手艺一样，都是通过反复地训练最终达到非常熟练的状态。

（二）促进学生对课本知识的掌握

在晨读内容的安排上，教师一般会安排学生读一些英语课本上的近期刚刚学过的文章和单词，教师通常不会安排新的知识到学生晨读的内容中。因为在一定的程度上来看，学生的晨读更像是对于旧知识的复习，学生通过这样的方式对知识的掌握程度进一步提高。

（三）营造良好的英语学习氛围

在良好的学习氛围下，学生一般都会受到这样的氛围的感染，进而激励自己更好地投入到学习当中去。良好的学习氛围与学生的努力程度是相互促进的，良好的学习氛围可以让学生更加努力，学生更努力地学习又可以帮助学习氛围更加浓厚。晨读的朗朗读书声是营造良好学习氛围的非常有效的方式，每一个学生在这样的环境当中都可以更加积极地投入到晨读当中来。

二、晨读对高中英语学习的局限性

（一）晨读形式固定，缺乏灵活性

在几年的高中英语教学活动中，晨读的方式千篇一律，不懂变通，缺乏灵活性。完全没有做到能够根据学生和教师的实际情况进行改变，这样的方式容易导致学生逐步产生厌学的心理，从而会给英语教学带来不利的影响。

（二）没有充分发挥教师在教学活动中的主导下作用

教师在晨读的安排上都习惯于让英语课代表带领这班级中的学生一起进行晨读，教师在一定的情况下已经把晨读和教学分隔开来了。但是晨读并非是游离于课堂教学之外的，

它也同样属于教学活动中的一部分，教师不能够忽视晨读的作用和效果。教师应该做到像上课一样把晨读的主导下牢牢抓紧在自己的手中，让自己能够在晨读中更好地发挥教师的主导型的作用，引导和带领学生更好地进行晨读。

（三）晨读方法流于形式，没有让学生全身心地投入到晨读中来

一部分的学生在晨读中只是做到了张开嘴巴一个单词一个单词地念，没有起到读的作用，更没有用心去对待眼前的知识。前面已经提到了晨读的过程其实也就是对于旧知识的复习的过程。如果教师把晨读当做任务一样交给学生的话，那么学生也会把晨读当成一项任务来完成，从而一开始就导致了学生对于晨读产生了一种错误的认识，最终使得晨读成为一种形式主义，而失去了他原本的作用。

三、如何提升晨读对高中英语的促进作用

（一）充分发挥教师在英语教学活动中的促进作用

教师在英语教学中应该始终是处于主导地位的，在晨读过程中教师一定要充分利用好自身的主动性来发挥自身的主导作用。在学生晨读中一旦发现学生出现错误了应该立刻指出错误让学生进行改正。例如：学生在读“pronunciation”这个词的时候发音不够准确，教师就应该马上暂停晨读，然后慢慢纠正学生对于这个词的发音，知道绝大部分的学生达到标准后再允许学生继续晨读。另外，教师也可以参与到晨读的队伍中，和学生一起晨读。这样能够起到非常好的带头作用，就像是古代士兵打仗一样，士兵绝对不会喜欢那种“兄弟们，给我上”的只会发号施令的将军，他們更愿意跟

随“兄弟们，跟我上”这种一马当先的将军。教师在这个过程也要扮演这样的角色，然后学生就更加愿意全身心地投入到晨读中来。

（二）提高学生晨读的积极性和参与度

提高学生晨读的积极性的最基本的前提是引起学生对于英语晨读的兴趣，兴趣才是学生最好的老师。教师需要让晨读的内容和方式更加多彩、有趣，学生才会愿意积极地投入到晨读中来。另外，教师还要注意到晨读参与度的问题，并不是每一个坐在教室里的学生都在认认真真地进行晨读，教师要仔细地观察哪些学生没有参与到晨读中来，然后去发现这些学生不认真参与晨读的原因，一定要做到每一个学生都参与到晨读中来。

（三）丰富和完善晨读的方式方法

晨读方式在这么多年来都并没有发生什么显著性的变化，但是多年来，学生这个群体的特点和性质以及教育理念都以及产生了翻天覆地的大变化。如果不掌握这些变化，那么晨读是很难有效地开展的。所以晨读方式为了更好地契合学生的学习特点一定要紧跟时代的步伐，不断创新、丰富和完善晨读的方式方法。首先，在晨读时间的安排方面上，一定要让晨读有一定的时间间隔，不能够让学生一口气从头读到底，要给予学生足够的时间去思考所学的问题和休息，不然就会导致“练武不练功，到老一场空”的结果，让学生的努力全都白费掉。然后还要增加晨读的方式，不能仅仅局限在那一两种古老的教学方式里。

可见高中英语程度对于英语教学是非常有效地，对于学生英语水平的提高具有重大帮助。但晨读的作用和效果也具有一定的局限性和不好的影响，如果掌控不好可能会对学生的学习和教师的教学带来副作用。所以教师在教学活动中还需要在使用晨读的教学方式时更加的熟练和了解，合理的安排晨读在学生学习中的时间，让晨读对学生英语水平的提高起到最大的效果。

【晨读英语美文100篇】晨读英语美文中英对照版

【晨读英语美文100篇】晨读英语美文中英对照版英语晨读365 116 Virtue 美德 Sweet day,so cool,so calm,so bright! 甜美的白昼，如此凉爽、安宁、明媚！ The bridal of the earth and sky- 天地间完美的匹配----- The dew shall weep thy fall to-night; 今宵的露珠儿将为你的消逝而落泪； For thou must die. 因为你必须离去。 Sweet rose,whose hue angry and brave, 美丽的玫瑰，色泽红润艳丽， Bids the rash gazer wipe his eye, 令匆匆而过的人拭目而视，Thy root is ever in its grave, 你的根永远扎在坟墓里， And thou must die. 而你必须消逝。 Sweet spring,full of sweet days and roses, 美妙的春天，充满了美好的日子和芳香的玫瑰， A box where sweets compacted lie, 如一支芬芳满溢的盒子， My music shows ye have your closes, 我的音乐表明你们也有终止， And all must die, 万物都得消逝。 Only a sweet and virtuous soul, 唯有美好而正直的心灵， Like season'd timber,never gives; 犹如干燥备用的木料，永

不走样； But though the whole world turn to coal, 纵然整个世界变为灰烬， Then chiefly lives. 它依然流光溢彩。 英语晨读365 115 Equipment 装备 Figure it out for yourself, my lad. You have got all that the great have had: two arms, two legs, two hands, two eyes, and a brain to use if you'd be wise. With this equipment they all began, so start for the top and say" I can". Look them over the wise and the great. They take their food from a common plate. With similar knives and forks they use; with similar laces they tie their shoes. The world considers them brave and smart, but you know--- you have got all they had when they made their start. You can triumph and come to skill; you can be great if you only will. You are well equipped for the fight you choose you have arms and legs and brains to use. And people who have risen, great deeds to do started their lives with no more than you. You are the handicap you must face. You are the one who must choose your place. You must say where you want to go, and how much you will study the truth to know. God has equipped you for life, but he lets you decide what you want to be.

晨读英语美文100篇：On Going a Journey

晨读英语美文100篇：On Going a Journey [00:00.32]Passage 98 On Going a Journey [00:05.35]One of the pleasantest things in the world is going a journey: [00:10.71]but I like to go by myself. [00:13.52]I can enjoy society in a room; [00:16.91]but out of doors, nature is company enough for me. [00:21.94]I am then never less alone than when alone. [00:26.55]“The fields his study, nature was his book.” [00:30.81]I cannot see the wit of walking and talking at the same time. [00:36.39]When I am in the country I wish to vegetate like the country. [00:41.86]I am not for criticizing hedges and black cattle. [00:46.02]I go out for town in order to forget

the town and all that is in it. [00:52.04]There are those who for this purpose go to watering places, [00:57.06]and carry the metropolis with them. [00:59.81]I like more space and fewer obstacles. [01:04.29]I like solitude, when I give myself up to it, for the sake of solitude; nor do I ask for [01:13.04]“a friend in my retreat, whom I may whisper solitude is sweet.” [01:19.27]The soul of journey is liberty, perfect liberty, to think, feel, do, just as one pleases. [01:29.45]We go a journey chiefly to be free of all obstacles and all inconveniences; [01:36.78]to leave ourselves behind, much more to get rid of others. [01:42.26]It is because I want a little breathing space to ponder on indifferent matters, where contemplation [01:50.46]“May plume her feathers and let grow her wings, [01:55.17]that in the various bustle of resort

星火四级晨读英语美文100篇【励志感悟】第7篇

星火四级晨读英语美文100篇【励志感悟】第7篇 Excuses Some people go through life standing at the excuse counter. People say they'd like to do this or that,but...then they offer all the excuses in the world why they can't do whatever it is.No matter what the excuses are,the only thing usually limiting them is their own self-perception. If I've learned anyhing,I've learned a person--any person--can do just about anything they set their mind to.The only thing they need is a willingness to work for what you want,patience to learn what you need to know,and just a little bit of belief in yourself,but you only need a seed.Your faith in yourself will grow with you as you move forward. If you self-perception is that you can't accompilsh somthing because you're not smart enough,then take the time to learn what you need to know and your self-perception will change. If your self-perception is that you can't accompilsh something because you never finsh anything you start,then go finsh something and change your self-perception. If your self-perception is that you're too lazy,too bust,too unworthy,too unfocused,too depressed,too dependent on others,the you're right.You are that because you believe that,but you can change that! Life is change,and the past doesn't equal the future.Your today is the result of your past beliefs and actions.Change your beliefs and action and you change your future.If you think you can or you can't,you're right.You are what you think. Think about that the next time you need an excuse. 翻译： 借口 有些人站在“借口”这一柜台后虚度一生。 有人说，自己想做这个，想做那个，但是······于是便给出他们所能找到的各种借口，来解释自己为什么不能去做这些事。无论借口是什么，大概唯一能限制他们行动的只是他们的自我意识。 如果说我学到了什么，那就是我意识到一个人——任何人——都可以做他决定想做的一切。你唯一需要的是：为理想而努力的意志，学习所需知识的耐心和一点点自信。其实最需要的只是自信的一粒小小的种籽。自信会随着你的进步而增强。如果你自以为不够聪明而无法成功，那就花时间去学习你所需要的知识，这样你的自我感觉就会改变。 如果你认为自己太懒惰，太忙碌，太无足轻重，太不专心，太消沉，太依赖别人，太这样太那样而不能成大器，那么你是对的。你相信如此，便会如此。但你能改变一切。 生活无时无刻不在变化，过去不等于将来。你的现在是你过去的信念与行动的结果。改变信念和行动就会改变你的未来。你认为自己能或不能，你都是对的。你就是你所认为的样子。 下次需要找借口时，请好好想想

英语晨读美文

(一) Care your dream (By Vanessa Sanchez) 当梦想遭到现实的撞击时，总会发出凄美的破碎声。心灵被梦想的碎片刺痛，散落的碎片上还残留着斑斓的颜色。然而，心灵的疼痛却有着催人成长的力量。梦想的幻灭，是因为它没有得到精心的照料。去呵护你的梦想吧！勇敢地站在舞台中央，跳一曲快乐的人生芭蕾。 My dream ended when I was born. Although I never knew it then, I just he ld on to something that would never come to pass. Dreams really do exist. But in the morning when you wake up, they are remembered just as a dream. That is what happened to me. I always have the dream to dance like a beautiful ballerina twirling around and around and hearing people applaud for me. When I was young, I would twirling around and around in the fields of wildflowers that grew in my backyard. For hours I would dance as if people were watching me. I would dance so fast that I would forget where I was, until I would hear sounds that reminded me of where I really was. I thought that if I twirled faster everything would disappear and I would wake up in a new place. Reality woke me up when I heard a voice saying, "I don't know why you bother trying to dance. Ballerinas are pretty, slender little girls. Besides, you don't have the talent to even be a ballerina." I remember how those words paralyzed every feeling in my body. I feel to the ground and wept for hours. We lived in the country by a nearby lake and I would sometimes go there to hide. My parents were never home anyway and I did not like to be at home where I could hear the walls talking of pain. When they were home, my mother just yelled and criticized because nothing was ever perfect in her life. She dreamed of a different life but ended up living in a country far away from the city where she believed her dreams would have come true. I enjoyed hanging out by the water. I would sit there for hours and stare at my reflection. There I was, looked nothing like a pretty ballerina dancer. Reflections don't lie. Once the waves would come, my reflection was gone. Washed away just like my dream to dance. I sat there staring at the water, hoping that my reflection would reappear and be different. As I grew older, I began to realize that the reason my dream was even born in the first place, was because it was something that was inside of me. The dream I had was never nurtured and cared for, so it slowly died. It's not that I wanted it to die, but I allowed it to die the day I started listening to the words, "You can't do it." When I finally woke up from many years of dreaming, I realized that you can't settle for dancing in the wildflowers, you have to move on to the platform. I still go to the lake sometimes and sit there. Looking at my reflection is different now too. When I was young, I looked at how others saw me, now that I am older and wiser; I look at how God sees me. (二) Learn to be grateful Hello, everybody! Welcome to my blog, I'm Vivianna. Yesterday I read an encouraging essay, called "learn to be grateful". I hope you will enjoy this essay and wish all of you in this bigear family can make a better and more beautiful life!! Being grateful is an important philosophy of life and a great wisdom.. It is impossible for anyone to be lucky and successful all the time so long as he lives in the world. We should learn how to face failure or misfortune bravely and generously and to try to deal with it. If so, should we

晨读英语美文100篇 (2)

晨读英语美文100篇 Passage1. Knowledge and Virtue Knowledge is one thing, virtue is another; good sense is not conscience, refinement is not humility, nor is largeness and justness of view faith. Philosophy, however enlightened, however profound, gives no command over the passions, no influential motives, no vivifying principles. Liberal Education makes not the Christian, not the Catholic, but the gentleman. It is well to be a gentleman, it is well to have a cultivated intellect, a delicate taste, a candid, equitable, dispassionate mind, a noble and courteous bearing in the conduct of life—these are the connatural qualities of a large knowledge;they are the objects of a University.I am advocating, I shall illustrate and insist upon them;but still, I repeat, they are no guarantee for sanctity or even for conscientiousness,and they may attach to the man of the world, to the profligate,to the heartless, pleasant, alas, and attractive as he shows when decked out in them.Taken by themselves, they do but seem to be what they are not;they look like virtue at a distance, but they are detected by close observers, and in the long run;and hence it is that they are popularly accused of pretense and hypocrisy,not, I repeat, from

英语晨读背诵美文30篇_英文+翻译

英语背诵美文30篇　英文＋翻译 第一篇：Youth 青春 Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple1) knees; it is a matter of will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life. Youth means a temperamental2) predominance3) of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting4) our ideals. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust. Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing childlike appetite of what’s next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: So long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite5), so long are you young. When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism6) and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at 20; but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there is hope you may die young at 80. [Annotation:] 1）supple adj. 柔软的 2）temperamental adj. 由气质引起的 3）predominance n. 优势 4) desert vt. 抛弃 5) the Infinite上帝 6) cynicism n. 玩世不恭 青春 青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志、恢弘的想象、炙热的感情；青春是生命的深泉在涌动。

星火四级晨读英语美文100篇【励志感悟】第17篇

星火四级晨读英语美文100篇【励志感悟】第17篇 The Power of Beauty One of the most successful, influential and beloved women in American history, Eleanor Roosevelt once said that she had one regret: she wished she had been prettier. Who hasn’t felt the same way? We are all too aware of our physical imperfections. To overcome them, we spend billions upon billions of dollars every year on cosmetics, diet products, fashion, and plastic surgery. Why do we care so much about how we look? Because it matters. Because beauty is powerful. Because even when we learn to value people mostly for being kind and wise and funny, we are still moved by beauty. No matter how much we argue against it or pretend to be immune, beauty exerts its power over us. There is simply no escape. Aristotle said, “Beauty is a greater recommendation than any letter of introduction.” It’s not fair, but it’s true. We simply treat beautiful people better than we do others. Attach a photograph of a beautiful author to an essay, and people will think that is more creative and more intelligently written than exactly the same essay accompanied by the photo of a homely author. Our sensitivity to physical beauty is not something we can control at will. We are born with it. Experiments conducted by psychologist Judith J. Langlois showed that even small infants prefer to look at attractive faces. Before they have met a single supermodel, before they have watched a single TV show, before they have opened up a single fashion magazine, they are drawn to the same faces which adults have judged to be attractive. There are more important things in life than beauty. But as Etcoff says, “We have to understand beauty, or we will always be enslaved by it.” If you aim to be wise and kind and funny, it doesn’t mean that you can’t also try your best to look beautiful. There’s no reason to feel guilty about being moved by beauty’s power. It moves us all. 翻译： 美的力量 身为美国史上最成功、最有影响力且最受人喜爱的女性之一的罗斯福夫人曾说她有一个遗憾：她希望自己长得更漂亮。谁没有过同样的想法呢？我们都强烈感觉到自己身体的缺陷。为了克服缺陷，我们每年都要花费几十亿美元--在化妆品、减肥食品、流行时尚与整容手术上。 我们如此这么在意自己的外貌？因为它很重要。因为美的力量很大。因为即使我们学着基本上去看重仁慈、智能、风趣的人，但我们仍会受到美的感动。无论我们多么用力辩驳，或假装对它免疫，美仍然对我们产生影响。根本无法逃避。 亚里斯多德说：“美是比任何介绍信都要有用的推荐函。”这并不公平，但却是事实。我们就是会对美丽的人比较好。把一位美丽作家的照片贴在作品上，读者就会认为这篇文章较有创意，写得更有智能。完全相同的文章配上相貌平凡的作家照片，评价就会较低。 我们对外在美的敏感，不是可以控制自如的。我们天生就这么敏感。心理学家朱迪丝蓝洛斯的实验显示，就连小婴儿也喜欢看漂亮的脸。他们从来没有见过超级名模、没看过电视节目，也没翻开过时尚杂志，却已经受到大人也认为有魅力的脸庞所吸引。 人生中有比美丽更重要的事，但就如艾特考夫所说：“我们必须了解美，否则我们永远都会是它的奴隶。”如果你的目标是要聪明、仁慈又风趣，这并不代表你就不能尽力让自己变得漂亮。被美的力量感动，并不需要有罪恶感，因为所有的人都受它感动。

高中英语晨读英语美文60篇43SituationComedy素材

Situation Comedy A sitcom or situation comedy is a genre of comedy performance originally devised for radio but today typically found on televi sion. Sitcoms usually consist of r ecurring characters in a format in whi ch there are one or more humorous story lines centred on a common environment, such as a family home or workplace.The situation comedy format seems to have originated in the old time radio era of the United States, but today they are produced around the globe. Many cou ntries, such as Britain, have embraced the form and so sitcoms have become among the most popular programmes on the schedule.history,The situation comedy format originated on radio in the 1920s. The first situation comedy is often said to be Sam and Henry which debuted on t he Chicago, Illinois clear-channel station WGN in 1926, and was partially inspired by the notion of bringing the mix of humor and continuity found in comic strips to the young medium of radio. The first network situation comedy was Amos & Andy which debuted on CBS in 1928, and was one of the most popular sitcoms through the 1930s.Situation comedies have been a part of the landscape of broadcast television since its early days. The first was probably Mary Kay and Johnny, a fifteen minute sitcom which debuted on the DuMont Television Network in November of 1947.This type of entertainment seemed to originate in the United States, which continues to be a leading producer of the genre, but soon spread to other natio ns.Characteristics Traditionally, situation comedies were largely self-contained, in that the characters themselves remained largely static and events in the sitcom resolved themselves by the conclusion of the show. One example of this is the animated situation comedy The Simpsons, where the characteristics of animation has rendered the characters unchanging in appearance forever?although the characters in the show ha ve sometimes made knowing references to this. Other sitcoms, though, use greater or lesser elements of ongoing storyli nes: Friends, a hugely popular US sitcom of the 1990s, contains soap opera elements such as regularly resorting to an end-of-season cliffhanger, and has gradually developed the relationships of the characters. Other sitcoms have veered into s ocial commentary. Examples of these are sitcoms by Norman Lear including All in the Family and Maude in the US, and the controversial Till Death Us Do Part in Britain. Most contemporary situation comedies are filmed with a multicamera setup in front of a live audience, then edited and broadcast days or weeks later. This practice has not always been universal, however, especially prior to the 1970s when it became

星火晨读四级英语美文篇

星火晨读四级英语美文篇 篇一：星火四级晨读英语美文100篇【励志感悟】第18篇星火四级晨读英语美文100篇【励志感悟】第18篇 What is Life About ? What is life about? We push very hard everyday to make more money, to gain power and recognition. We neglect our health, time with our family and to appreciate the surrounding beauty and the hobbies we love to do. One day when we look back, we will realize that we don t really need that much, but then we cannot turn back time for what we have missed. Life is not about making money, acquiring power or recognition. Life is definitely not about work! Work is only necessary to keep us living so as to enjoy the beauty and pleasures of life. Life is a balance of work and play, family and personal time. You have to decide how you want to balance your life.Define your priorities, realize what you are able to compromise but always let some of your decisions be based on your instincts. Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life,the whole aim of human existence. So, take it easy, do what you want to do and appreciate nature. Life is fragile. Life is short. Do not take life for granted. Live a balanced lifestyle and enjoy life! 翻译：生活的意义生活是关于什么的呢?我们每天努力地去赚更多的钱，去得到权力和认可。我们忽视了我们的健康，忽视了与家人在一起的时间，忽视了欣赏周围的美丽，忽视了自己的爱好。某一天当我们往回看的时候，我们会发现自己其实真正需要的并不是太多，但是时光不能倒转，我们也找不回失去的东西。生活不是赚钱，不是去追求权利和别人的认可。生活绝对不只是工作! 工作只是帮助我们去生存，以便于我们享受生活中的荚丽和快乐。生活是一种工作时间和玩乐时间，家庭时间和个人时间的平衡。你必须自己去决定怎么去平衡你的生活。确定你自己最先做什么，明白什么是可以迟些做的，但是总体来说，让你的一些决定跟着你的本能走。快乐是生活的意义和目的，是人类存在的整个目标。所以，放松点，去做那些你想做的事情，重视自然。生活是脆弱的，短暂的。不要把生活想得理所当然，过一种平衡的生活方式，去享受生活吧。篇二：星火四级晨读英语美文100篇【励志感悟】第20篇星火四级晨读英语美文100

星火书业晨读英语美文100篇六级前十篇中英翻译版

星火书业晨读英语美文100篇六级前十篇中英翻译版 Passage1. Knowledge and Virtue Knowledge is one thing, virtue is another; good sense is not conscience, refinement is not humility, nor is largeness and justness of view faith. Philosophy, however enlightened, however profound, gives no command over the passions, no influential motives, no vivifying principles. Liberal Education makes not the Christian, not the Catholic, but the gentleman. It is well to be a gentleman, it is well to have a cultivated intellect, a delicate taste, a candid, equitable, dispassionate mind, a noble and courteous bearing in the conduct of life—these are the connatural qualities of a large knowledge;they are the objects of a University.I am advocating, I shall illustrate and insist upon them;but still, I repeat, they are no guarantee for sanctity or even for conscientiousness,and they may attach to the man of the world, to the profligate,to the heartless, pleasant, alas, and attractive as he shows when decked out in them.Taken by themselves, they do but seem to be what they are not;they look like virtue at a distance, but they are detected by close observers, and in the long run;and hence it is that they are popularly accused of pretense and hypocrisy,not, I repeat, from their own fault,but because their professors and their admirers persist in taking them for what they are not,and are officious in arrogating for them a praise to which they have no claim.Quarry the granite rock with razors, or moor the vessel with a thread of silk,then may you hope with such keen and delicate instruments as human knowledgeand human reason to contend against those giants, 知识是一回事，美德是另一回事。好意并非良心，优雅并非谦让，广博与公正的观点也并非信仰。哲学，无论多么富有启迪和深奥莫测，都无法驾驭情感，不具备有影响力的动机，不具有导致生动活泼的原理。文科教育并不造就基督教徒抑或天主教徒，而是造就了绅士。造就一个绅士诚为美事。有教养的才智，优雅的情趣，正直、公正而冷静的头脑，高贵而彬彬有礼的举止--这些是与渊博的学识生来固有的品质, 它也是大学教育的目的。对此我提倡之，并将加以阐释和坚持。然而我要说的是，它们仍然不能确保圣洁，或甚至不能保证诚实。它们可以附庸于世故的俗人，附庸于玩世不恭的浪子。唉，当他们用它伪装起来时，就更增加了他们外表上的冷静、快活和魅力。就其本身而言，它们似乎已远非其本来面目，它们似乎一远看的美德，经久久细察方可探知。因此它们受到广泛的责难，指责其虚饰与伪善。我要强调，这绝非是因为其自身有什么过错，而