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Knowledge is power．知识就是力量。

（2）由much，little等词修饰。例如：

They have saved much money for future use．他们存了很多钱以备未来使用。（3）与表示单位的量词如a piece of等连用。例如：

Go and fetch me a piece of chalk．给我去拿一支粉笔。

要十分注意的是：不可数名词不能与不定冠词或数词直接用在一起。如不能说a good news, an advice, a hard work等。

不可数名词可以与量词使用构成不同的词组：

如： a piece of paper 一张纸 a drop of water 一滴水

a 1oaf of bread 一条面包 a bag of money 一袋钱

a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶 a pair of shoes 一双鞋

二、专有名词

专有名词用来指具体的人、地点、日子或物体的专有名称。其特点是：第一个字母大写，通常不与冠词连用，无复数形式。

（一）人名

英美人的姓名与中国人的恰恰相反，姓在后面，名在前面，姓名前通常不用冠词。例如：

Mary Smith；George Washington。

（1）一般熟人间通常用名称呼。例如：

How’s John getting on?约翰近来好吗？

（2）在不熟悉人之间或表示礼貌时，常把姓和称谓连用。例如：

Would you please tell John Smith to come to the office? 请你告诉约翰·史密斯到办公室来一次好吗?

（3）姓氏复数前加定冠词可表示全家人。例如：

The Turners have gone to America．特纳一家人去美国了。

（二）地名

（1）大部分单数形式的地名不用定冠词。例如：

Asia；America；China； London；Shanghai

（2）大部分单数形式的湖、岛、山名前不加定冠词。例如：．

Silver Lake；Mount Tai

（3）山脉、群岛、海洋、河流、运河、海湾、海峡、半岛、沙漠名前一般加定冠词。

例如：

the Pacific；the English Channel；the Sahara

（三）日期名

（1）节日名前通常不用冠词。例如： Christmas；National Day

（2）星期名前通常不用冠词。例如： Sunday；Tuesday

（3）月份名前通常不用冠词。例如： April；December

三、名词所有格

名词所有格是指一个名词与另一个名词之间存在所有关系时所用的形式。其构成有两种：一种是由名词末尾加’s构成；另一种由介词of加名词构成。前者多用来表示有生命的东西；后者多用来表示无生命的东西。例如：Children’s Palace少年宫

Tom’s bike汤姆的自行车

the title of the book 书名

the legs of the table 桌子的腿

（一）所有格形式的构成

（1）单数名词后加’s，其读音与名词复数结尾的读音相同。例如：

the girl’s father女孩的父亲

（2）以s结尾的复数名词后加’。例如：

two hours’ walk两个小时的步行

（3）不以s结尾的复数名词后加’s。例如：

the children’s holiday孩子们的节日

（4）以s结尾的人名，可以加’s，也可加’号。例如：

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小学英语语法知识点汇总!

小学英语语法知识点汇总！ 01 人称代词 主格：I we you she he it they 宾格：me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词：mine ours yours hers his its theirs 02 形容词和副词的比较 (1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er older ,taller, longer, stronger (2) 多音节词前+more more interesting, etc. (3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er bigger fatter, etc. (4) 把y变i，再+er heavier, earlier (5) 不规则变化： well-better, much/many-more, etc. 03 可数词的复数形式 Most nouns + s abook –books

Nouns ending in aconsonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories Nouns ending in s,sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches Nouns ending in o+s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes Nouns ending in for fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves 04 不可数名词（单复数不变） bread, rice, water ,juice等。 05 缩略形式 I’m= I a，you’re = you are，she’s= she is，he’s = he is it’s= it is，who’s =who is，can’t =can not，isn’t=is not等。 06 a/an a book, a peach an egg，an hour 07 Preposition on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at,behind. 表示时间：at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast

英语语法知识详解

高中英语语法知识表解 一．名词 I. 名词的种类： 1. 规则名词的复数形式： 名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下： 英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：

名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. ’s所有格的构成：

用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 二．冠词 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法：

三．代词： I. 代词可以分为以下七大类：

1. one, some与any: 1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。One should learn to think of others. Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks. I have some questions to ask. 2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。 Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money? 3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。 I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any. 4) some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。 There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today? 2. each和every: each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上， 而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。 Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary. Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points. 3. none和no： no等于not any，作定语。 none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。 There is no water in the bottle. How much water is there in the bottle? None. None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. 4. other和another: 1) other泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。如： He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other. Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam. 2) another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”如： I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one). The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others. Some like football, while others like basketball. 5. all和both, neither和either

自考英语语法名词解释

Acronyms Acronyms is a word coined by putting together the initial letters of a group of words. Affixation A word formation approach that attaches morpheme – an affix to a base，which is a word with 1 or more affixes in it. Anaphoric reference前照应A demonstrative determiner with anaphoric reference is more likely to go with a non-restrictive relative clause Cataphoric reference 后照应A demonstrative determiner with cataphoric reference，which goes with a restrictive relative clause Collective nouns These are generally countable nouns，but even in the singular they refer to groups of people，animals or things. Compound A compound，the product of composition，and it is a lexical unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word. Conversion The derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. Coordination并列词Realized by coordinators （also termed coordinating conjunctions）which join units at the same level. Countable nouns Nouns that can take plural. Dangling participle:When the subject of participle is not expressed, it is normally to be the subject of the clause. It is usually poor grammar, and sometimes absurd, if this rule is broken: Trying to be quiet, the floor board creaked. But the rule is often broken when the subject is vaguely understood to be “one”, “we”, “you”, people in general. Determiner Words used in the premodification of noun phrase and put before any adjectives that premodify the head word of noun. Dynamic adjectives Many adjectives can also be used in the dynamic sense （be being a.）in predicative position to show subjective measurement or suggest a temporary state，implying the qualities can be controlled or restricted. （e.g. he is being rude） end-focus 尾部焦点under neutral conditions，the nucleus falls on the last element of the sequence as it is common that we process the information in a message to achieve a linear presentation form low to high information value. We refer to this as the principle of end-focus. ellipsis：省略leaves out the redundant/wordy part and do not provide a substitute. Exclamation Express our impression，especially our surprise，excitement，amazement，etc. It doesn…t take S-V inversion.

初三英语语法知识点归纳

初中英语语法速记口诀大全 很多同学认为语法枯燥难学，其实只要用心并采用适当的学习方法，我们就可以愉快地学会英语，掌握语法规则。笔者根据有关书目和多年教学经验，搜集、组编了以下语法口诀，希望对即将参加中考的同学们有所帮助。 一、冠词基本用法 【速记口诀】 名词是秃子，常要戴帽子， 可数名词单，须用a或an， 辅音前用a，an在元音前， 若为特指时，则须用定冠， 复数不可数，泛指the不见， 碰到代词时，冠词均不现。 【妙语诠释】冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一，也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有：①名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用；②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the；③如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。 二、名词单数变复数规则 【速记口诀】 单数变复数，规则要记住， 一般加s，特殊有几处： 末尾字母o，大多加s， 两人有两菜，es不离口， 词尾f、fe，s前有v和e； 没有规则词，必须单独记。 【妙语诠释】①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，但如果单词以/t?蘩/、/?蘩/、/s/发音结尾(也就是单词如果以ch，sh，s，x等结尾)，则一般加es；②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro，hero)两菜(tomato，potato) 加es外，其余一般加s；③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s；④英语中还有些单词没有规则，需要特殊记忆，如child—children，mouse—mice，deer—deer，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese，ox—oxen，man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth —teeth。 三、名词所有格用法 【速记口诀】 名词所有格，表物是“谁的”， 若为生命词，加“’s”即可行， 词尾有s，仅把逗号择； 并列名词后，各自和共有， 前者分别加，后者最后加； 若为无生命词，of所有格， 前后须倒置，此是硬规则。 【妙语诠释】①有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以s结尾，则只加“’”；②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时，分别加“’s”，如果是共有，则只在最后名词加“’s”；③

初中英语语法知识—名词的知识点(5)

一、选择题 1．I’m happy ________ a friend of ________. A．to visit, my B．visiting my C．to visit, mine D．visiting, my 2．This is Mary and that is Kate.______ my______． A．She's； friend B．They're； friends C．They're； friend 3．Look, this is________ bedroom. A．my fath er and mother’s B．my father’s and mother’s C．my father’s and mother D．my father and mother 4．—Tom likes soccer.What club can he join? —He can join the ______ club. A．sport B．music C．sports D．swimming 5．Do you know the three ______ under the tree? Their mothers are all ______in our school. A．boy students; woman teachers B．boy students; women teachers C．boys students; women teachers D．boys students; woman teachers 6．—Look.There’re lots of______here. —Great.We can make______soup. A．egg；egg B．eggs；egg C．egg；eggs D．eggs；eggs 7．— How much are the __________? — Eight yuan a kilo. A．broccoli B．potatoes C．beef D．bread 8．My sister and I like eating two _______ and some _______ for dinner. They are really delicious. A．salad; eggs B．salads; eggs C．salad; eggs D．salads; egg 9．In fact (事实上), she ________ ________ many ________. A．doesn’t has; toies B．don’t has; toies C．doesn’t have; toys D．don’t have; toys 10．—Kate, what do you have ____________ dinner? —I have some____________, And I like them very much. A．/; chicken B．for; chicken C．/; vegetables D．for; vegetables 11．—Let's ____________ some salad. —Sorry, I don't like ____________ . A．have; them B．to have; it C．have; it D．to have; them 12．________the________Mike’ s and Jack’s? A．Is, rooms B．Are, room C．Are, rooms D．Is, room 13．________ your reading speed, or you can’t finish the English reading materials in ________ limited time. A．Increase; 100 minutes’B．To increase; a 100-minute C．Increasing; 100-minutes’