2013新版新目标八年级上册英语1-10单元短语语法句型及作文整理

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?

惯用法：

1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物

2. taste + adj. 尝起来……

3. nothing ….but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有

4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来

5. arrive in + 大地方/ arrive at + 小地方到达某地

6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事

7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事/ try to do sth. 尽力做某事

8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事

9. want to do sth. 想去做某事

10. start doing sth. 开始做某事

11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事

12. look + adj 看起来

13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事

14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做…….呢？

15. so + adj + that + 从句如此……以至于……

16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事

17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事

18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事/ forget doing sth 忘记做过某事

3. decide to do sth.决定做某事They decide to visit the museum.

4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换。He started doing his homework.

5. over 介词，多于，超过，在…以上（表示数目、程度）= more than

My father is over 40 years old.

6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数：Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.

too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。

We have too much work to do. Don’t talk too much.

much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。

The hat is much too big for me. You’re walking much too fast.

分辨三者的口诀：too much, much too, 用法区别看后头：much 后接不可数，too 后修饰形或副。

too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。

7. because of 介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。

He can’t take a walk because of the rain.

because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。

I don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.

不定代词anyone ,something, anything, everything, nothing, everyone ,no one Composion

What a difference a day makes! My father and I decided to go to Penang Hill today. We wanted to walk up to the top, but then it stared raining a little so we decided to take the train. We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people. When we got to the top, it was raining really hard. We did n’t have an umbrella so we were wet and cold. It was terrible! And because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything.My father didn’t bring enough money, so we only had one bowl of rice and some fish. The food tasted great because I was so hungry!

Unit 2 How often do you exercise?

惯用法：

1. help sb. with sth 帮助某人做某事

2. How a bout…? ….怎么样？/ ….好不好？

3. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事

4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句….有多少…..

5. 主语+ find+ that 从句…发现…

6. It’s + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是….的

7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光

8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事

9. by doing sth. 通过做某事

10. What’s your favorite…..? 你最喜欢的……是什么？

11 start doing sth. 开始做某事

What do you usually do on weekends? I always exercise.

What do they do on weekends? They often help with housework.

What does she do on weekends? She sometimes goes shopping.

How often do you go to the movies? I go to the movies maybe once a month.

How often does he watch TV? He hardly ever watches TV.

Do you go shopping? No, I never go shopping.

词语辨析：

1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。

How often do you play sports? Three times a week.

how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。

How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?

how for 多远，用来询问距离，指路程的远近。How far is it from here to the park? It’s about 2 kilometers.

2.free 空闲的，有空的，反义词为busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于have time.

I’ll be free next week. = I’ll have time next week.

还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。

The tickets are free. You’re free to go or to stay.

3.How come？怎么会？怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可

引导一个问句，相当于疑问句why, 但how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。

H ow come Tom didn’t come to the party? = Why didn’t Tom come to the party?

4.stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。Don’t stay up late next time.

stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。He stayed up all night to write his story.

5.go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night.

go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。She was so tired that she went to sleep soon. 6.find + 宾语+名词, 发现：We have found him (to be) a good boy.

find + 宾语+ 形容词，发现：He found the room dirty.

find + 宾语+ 现在分词，发现：I found her standing at the door.

7.percent 百分数，基数词+ percent：percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名

词来判断谓语的单复数。Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed.

8.more than 超过，多于，不仅仅，相当于over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义

词组为：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.

9.be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人/ 某事；be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。

Some children are afraid of the dark. Don’t be afraid of asking question.

I’m afraid + 从句，恐怕，担心：I’m afraid I have to go now.

10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别：

sometimes 频度副词，有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。

Sometimes I get up very early. ------How often do you get up?

sometime 副词，某个时候。表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when.

I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. ------When will you go to Shanghai next week?

some times 名词词组，几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词，对它提问用how many times.

I have read the story some times. -------How many times have you read the story?

some time 名词短语，一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时how long

What do No. 5 High School Students do in their free time?

Last month we asked our students about their free time activities. Our questions were about exercise., use of the Internet and watching TV. Here are the results.

We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day. Forty-five percent exercise four to six times a week. Twenty percent exercise only one to three times a week. And twenty percent do not exercise at all!

We all know that many students often go on-line, but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day. The other ten percent use it at lease three or four time a week. Most students use it for fun and not for homework.

Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister

句型：

Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom.

That’s Tara, isn’t it?

Are you as friendly as your sister?

I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends.

1. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣

2. want to do sth. 想要做某事

3. as + 形容词或副词的原级+ as 与…一样…

4. be good at doing sth 擅长做某事

5. make sb. Do sth. 让某人做某事

6. It’s+ 形容词+ for sb. To do sth.. 对某人来说，做某事是……的

语法知识：

Is Tom smarter than Sam? No,he isn’t. Sam is smarter than Tom.

Is Tar a more outgoing than Tina? No, she isn’t. Tina is more outgoing than Tara.

Are you a friendly as your sister? No, I’m not. I’m friendlier.

Does Tara work as hard as Tina? Yes, she does.

Who’s more hardworking at school? Tina thinks she works harder than me.

语法讲解：

形容词与副词的比较级

大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1．规则变化

单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。

作文

Jeff Green(如何写人与人之间的比较)

Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater

句型：

1.It has the biggest screens.

2.The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly.

3.How do you like it so far? 到目前为止，你认为它怎么样？

4.Thanks forget telling me.

5.Can I ask you some questions?

短语：

so far 到目前为止，迄今为止no problem 没什么，别客气

have….in common 有相同特征（想法、兴趣等方面）相同be up to 是….的职责

all kinds o f ….. 各种各样的…… play a role 发挥作用，有影响make up 编造（故事、谎言等）for example 例如

take …..seriously 认真对待not everybody 并不是每个人

close to 离….近more and more 越来越……

常用法：

C an I ask you some…….

How do you like……. 你认为……怎么样

Thanks fpr doing sth.

What do you think of ……..

much + 形容词或副词比较级…….得多

watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事

play a role in doing sth. 发挥做某事的作用

one of +可数名词复数…..之一……

语法：

What’s the best movie theater to go to ? Town Cinema. It’s the closest to home. And

you can buy tickets the most quickly

there?

Which is the worst clothes store in town? Dream Clothes. It’s worse than Blue Moon.

It has the worst service.

What do you think of 970 AM? I think 970 AM is pretty bad. It has worst

music.

练习，用括号里的词的适当形式填空。

1. We went to the __________(bad) restaurant in town last night. The menu had only 10dishes and the service was not good at all.

2. Blue Moon is ______________(good), but Miler’s is _____________(good ) in town.

3. The Big Screen is _________________(expensive) than most cinemas, but Cinema City is

____________(expensive).

4. Movie City has the __________ (bad) service, but we can sit the_______________ (comfortably)there.

5. Johnny Dep acted the _________________(good) in that movie. He’s much ____________(good) than other actors at finding the ________________(interesting) role.

作文（人的擅长）

Everyone is good at something, but some people are talented. It’s always interesting to watch

Unite

5 Do you want to a game show?

短语：

find out be ready to dress up take sb. place do a good job think of game show learn from talk show soap opera

go on watch a movie one of….. watch a movie try one’s best

a pair of as famous as look like around the world

have a discussion about one day such as a symbol of something enjoyable interesting information

句型：

----What do you think of talk shows?

----I don’t mind them.

I hope to be a TV reporter one day.

How about you?

常用法：

let sb. do sth. plan to do sth.

hope to do sth. happen to do sth.

exp ect to do sth. How about doing……

be ready to do sth. try one’s best to do sth.

语法：

Do you want to watch the news? Yes, I do . / No, I don’t.

What can you plan to watch tonight? I plan to watch Days of Our Past.

What do you expect to learn from sitcoms? You can learn some great jokes.

Why do you like watching the news? Because I hope to find out what’s going on around the world.

What do you think of talk shows? I don’t mind them./ I can’t stand them!/ I love watching them!

作文（各国文化）

1.the other, the others, other, others, another 辨析

the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个……另一个……时，常用one …the other…。例：

He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.

There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys.

the others 特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是the other的复数形式，相当于the other+复数名词。the other + 复数名词= any other + 名词单数。例：

You two stay here, the others go with me.

I’m different from Jeff because I’m lo uder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class.

other 作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：

We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects.

others 作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。例：

Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly.

another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：

I don’t like this one. Please show me another one.

3.find out 查明，弄清楚，find 找到

Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.

4. go on 发生，与take place 同义

I wonder what was going on.

翻译：隔壁发生了什么？？

happen v.发生，一般指偶然发生，主语为事，不能为人。

Sth + happens to sb. A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday.

Sth + happens + 地点/时间，意为：某地/某时发生了某事

An accident happened on Park Street.

happen v，表示“碰巧”，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰巧……”.

Sb + happens to do sth.

I happened to see my uncle on the street.

* take place 意为“发生，举行，举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例：

Great changes have taken place in China.

The meeting will take place next Friday.

expect v. 期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构：

1)expect + 名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计……可能发生。

I’m expecting Li Lin’s letter.

2)expect to do sth. 预计做某事

Lily expects to come back next week.

3)expect sb. to do sth.

I expect my mother to come back early.

4)expect + 从句预计……

I expected that I’ll come back next Monday.

7. serious a. 严肃的，认真的。He is a serious man.

be serious about sb/sth. 对某人/某事当真

Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.

be serious about doing sth. 对某事当真____He’s serious about selling his house.

Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science

短语：

grow up every day be sure about make sure send…to…

be able to the meaning of different kinds of the meaning of

in common at the beginning of write down have to do with

take up hardly ever too…to…

短语用法：

want to do sth. be going to + 动词原形

practice doing sth. keep on doing sth.

learn to do sth. finish doing sth

promise to do sth. help sb. to do sth.

remember to do sth. agree to do sth.

love to do sth.

be going to 的用法

be going to + 动词原形——表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的tomorrow, next year 等时间状语或when 引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助be 动词完成，be随主语有am, is, are 的变换，going to 后接动词原形。

肯定句：主语+ be going to + 动词原形+ 其他。He is going to take the bus there.

否定句：主语+ be not going to + 动词原形+ 其他I’m not going to see my friends this weekend.

一般疑问句：Be + 主语+ going to + 动词原形+ 其他

肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ be. 否定回答：No, 主语+ be not.

Are you going to s ee your friends this weekend? Yes ,I am. / No, I’m not.

特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be + 主语+ going to + 动词原形+ 其他？

What is he going to do this weekend? When are you going to see your friends?

①对未来事情的预测用“ will + 动词原形”表达，will 没有人称和数的变化，变否定句要在will 后面加not, 也可用will 后面加not,或者缩略式won’t, 变一般疑问句将will 提至句首。

Will planes be large in the future? Yes, they will. / No, they won’t.

②will 常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而be going to 指某事肯定发生，常表示事情很快就要发生。I believe Lucy will be a great doctor.

③陈述将来的某个事实用will.

I will ten years old next year.

④表示现在巨大将来要做的事情用will.

I’m tired I will go to bed.

⑤表示意愿用will.

I’ll tell you the truth.

⑥表示计划、打算要做的事情用be going to, 而不用will.

语法：

What do you want to be when you grow up? I want to be an engineer.

How are you going to do that? I’m going to study math really hard. Where are you going to work? I’m going to move to Shanghai.

When are you going t o start? I’m going to start when I finish high school and college.

Lily is a dishonest girl. She never keeps a promise.

Unit 7 Will people have robots?

短语：

on computers on paper live to be 200 years old free time

in danger on the earth play a part in sth space station look for computer programmer in the future huandreds of the same…as over and over again get bored wake up look like fall down

用法：

will + 动词原形将要做fewer/more + 可数名词复数更少/更多…

less/more + 不可数名词更少/更多try to do sth. 尽力做某事

have to do sth 不得不做某事agree with sb. 同意某人的意见

such + 名词（词组）如此play a part in doing sth 参与做某事make sb do sth 让某人做某事help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事There will be + 主语+ 其他将会有…. There is/are + sb. + doing sth 有…正在做…

It is + 形容词+ for sb + to do sth 做某事对某人来说…的

语法：

What will the future be like? Cities will be more polluted. And there will be fewer trees.

Will people use money in 100 years? No, they won’t. Everything will be free.

Will there be world peace? Yes, I hope so.

Kids will stuffy at home on computers. They won’t go to school.

Countable nouns Uncountable nouns

There will be more people. There will be more pollution.

There will be fewer trees. There will be less free time.

用more, less,fewer 填空。

In the future, there will be ________fresh water because there will be _______pollution in the sea.

In 100 years, there will be ______cars because there will be _______people in the cities.

There will be ________job for people because ________ robots will do the same jobs as people.

I think there will be ________cities because people will build________buildings in the country.

In 50 years, people will have _______ free time because there will be ________things to do.

词语辨析：

2. on the earth 在地球上，作地点状语，位于句首或句末。on earth 究竟，到底。用于疑问句或副词后，加强语气。

All the living things on the earth depend on the sun. / What on earth do you mean?

3. human, 指包括男人女人孩子的“人，人类”，有别于动物，自然景物，机器等的特殊群体，

也可指具体的人。

person, 无性别之分，常用于数目不太大，而且数目比较精确的场合。

people, 泛指“人们”，表示复数概念。

man,前不带冠词而且单独使用时，指“男人”，a man 可指“一个人/ 一个男人”，复数形式为men. He was the only human on the island.

There are only three persons in the room.

There are many people there.

Man is stronger than woman.

一般将来时结构：

肯定式：主语+ will/shall + 动词原形+ 其他will 用于各种人称，shall 用于第一人称。

主语+ be going to + 动词原形+ 其他be 随人称、数和时间的变化而变换。否定式：在will/shall/be 后面加not. will not = won’t .

一般疑问句：将will/shall/be 提到主语前面。

There be 句型的一般将来时：

There will be + 主语+ 其他，意为：将会有。一般疑问句形式为：Will there be + 主语+ 其他。

肯定回答是：Yes, there will. 否定回答是：No, there won’t.

否定形式是：There won’t be + 主语+ 其他，将不会有……

特殊疑问句是: 疑问词/ 词组+ 一般疑问句？When will there be a nice basketball match?

Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?

短语：

milk shake turn on pour into a cup of yogurt a good idea

on Saturday cut up put into one more thing a piece of

at this time a few fill…with… cover…with… one by one

a long time

短语用法：

How many + 可数名词复数How much + 不可数名词let sb. + do sth. want + to do sth. forget + to do sth. how + to do sth.

There are many reasons for 一段时间+ago by + doing sth.

need + to do sth. make + 宾语+ 形容词It’s time(for sb) + to do sth First…Next…Then…Finally…

句型：

Turn on the blender. How do you make a banana milk shake?

How many bananas do we need? How much yogurt do we need?

Now, it’s time to enjoy the rice noodles!

语法：

How do you make a banana milk shake? First, peel the banana.

Next, put the banana in the blender.

Then, pour the milk into the blender.

Finally, turn on the blender.

Countable nouns Uncountable nouns

How many bananas do we need? How much yogurt do we need?

We need three bananas. We need one cup of yogurt.

主谓一致判断法：

不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

动名词或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

either…or…,neither…nor…, not only…but also..连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与邻近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。

在here, there 开头的倒装句中，谓语动词与后面的名词在数上保持一致。

作文（食物的制作过程）

词语辨析：

turn on 打开，接通（电源，气，水），反义词是turn off. turn up/turn down 调高/低音量。pour…into… 将…倒入/灌入… into 是：进入… in 是：在…内。

在put, throw, break, lay, fall 等动词之后，既可用in，也可用into。但in可作副词，into不能。He put all the books in/into the bag. Come in!

4. one more thing = another one thing 基数词+ more + 名词= another + 基数词+ 名词

5. fill with 用…填充… be filled with = be full of 充满….

The boy filled the bottle with sand. / The bag was full of clothes.

6. cover…with… 用…把…覆盖be covered with 被…所覆盖。cover n. 封面，盖子。Ann covered her face with her hands. / The cover of the magazine is nice.

7. It’s time (for sb) to do sth. 到某人做某事的时候了。

It’s time for sth. 到做某事的时候了。

Unit 9 Can you come to my party?

短语：

on Saturday afternoon have to prepare for go to the doctor

have the flu help my parents come to the party meet my friend

go to the party too much homework go to the movies another time last fall hang out after school on the weekend

study for a test

visit grandparents the day before yesterday the day after tomorrow

have a piano lesson look after accept an invitation turn down an invitation take a trip at the end of this month look forward to the opening of

reply in writing go shopping do homework go to the concert

not…until

短语用法：

invite sb. to do sth. What + a/an + 形容词+ 可数名词单数（+ 主语+ 谓语）！help sb. (to) do sth What + 形容词+ 名词复数/不可数名词（+ 主语+ 谓语）！

be sad to do sth. see sb to do sth / see sb doing sth

the best way to do sth. have a surprise party for sb

look forward to doing sth. reply to sth/sb.

What’s today?

What’s the date today?

What day is it today?

句型：

Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?

Sure, I’d love to. / Sorry，I can’t. I have to prepare for an exam.

语法：

Can you come to my party on Saturday? Sure, I’d love to. /Sorry, I must study for a math test. Can you go to the movie tomorrow Sure. That sound great. / I’m afraid not. I have the flu. night?

Can he go to the party? No, he can’t. He has to help his parents.

Can she go to the baseball game? No, she’s not available. She must go to the doctor.

Can they go to the movie? No, they’re not free. They might have to meet their friends.

作文（如何写邀请函）

词语辨析：

prepare意为“准备”，强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语，还可接不定式。 prepare for sth. 为…准备好。for的宾语不是动作的承受者，而是表示准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。/ prepare to do sth 准备做某事。

prepare 强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语，还可接不定式。

get/be ready意为“准备好”，强调准备的结果。常见结构有：①be ready(for sth．)②get sth. ready

③be ready(for sth)④be get ready to do(准备干某事，乐于干某事)

2. have the flu 患感冒have a cold 感冒have a cough 咳嗽have a fever 发烧

3. hang out 常去某处，泡在某处hang on 紧紧抓住hang about 闲荡hang up 挂电话，悬挂，挂起

catch up with 赶上，，跟上catch hold of 抓住

5.accept 接受, 反义词为：refuse。

turn down = refuse 拒绝

help sb.(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事help sb. with sth 在某方面帮助人at the end of 在…末尾，在…尽头，by the end of 到…末为止in the end of 终于

surprised 形容词，感到意外的，主语是人be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到意外surprising 形容词，令人惊讶的，主语是物The news was surpring.

surprise 名词，惊奇、惊讶to one’s surprise 动词，使惊奇，使感到意外It surprise sb to do sth.

look forward to 期待，盼望，to 是介词，后跟名词，代词或动名词作宾语。

hear from sb. 收到某人的来信= receive a letter from sb.

hear of = hear about 听说

Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!

短语：

go to the party have a great /good time stay at home take the bus tomorrow night have a class party have a class meeting half the class make some food

at the party order food potato chips be angry with sb. give sb some advice

travel around the world go to college make（a lot of）money get an education work hard a soccer player keep…to oneself talk to sb. in life in the end be angry at/about sth make mistakes in the future run away

the first step in half solve a problem school clean-up

习惯用法：

ask sb. to do sth give sb sth. tell sb. to do sth too…to do sth

be afraid to do sth. advise sb to do sth It’s best (not)to do sth.

need to do sth

语法：

I think I’ll take the bus to the party. If you do, you’ll be late.

What will happen if they have the party today? If they have it today, half the class won’t come.

Should we ask people to bring food? If we ask people to bring food, they’ll just bring potato chips and chocolate.

Tina

作文

新课标八年级上册英语短语

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