2019届中考英语复习第三篇中考题型实战第35课完形填空基础知识

2019届中考英语复习第三篇中考题型实战第35课完形填空基础知

识

解题策略方法

完形填空是中考常见的一种题型，这种题被专家称为障碍性阅读，也是中学生最为棘手的题型之一。它是由出题者在一篇语义连贯的文章中有目的地去掉一些词语，形成空格，要求在给出的对应备选答案中，选出一个正确的或最佳的答案，使文章恢复完整。它既考查对语法、词汇、习语、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查对短文的阅读理解能力，甚至有时还考查对时事政治等的关注。其中包括在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力，根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理，综合判断和分析概括的能力。

完形填空题是考查同学们语言能力的综合性测试题型。它集词语的意义辨析、词语的习惯用法及搭配、句法、语法和语篇理解等于一体，既考查同学们的语言基础知识，又考查分析、判断能力和综合运用语言的实践能力。对于这类试题，不少同学感到很棘手，在各种测试中总是得分不高。那么，完形填空题有没有相应的解题技巧呢？完形填空题的文章体裁和题材都很广泛，有记叙文、说明文和议论文，内容涉及到天文地理、日常生活、政治经济、人物传记和社会故事等许多方面。该题型最突出的特点是：容量大，分值高，选项干扰性强，既考查知识，又考查能力。但是对这样的题，也不是毫无对策可言。同学们在做完形填空题时，不妨按以下几点去做：

1. 突破首句，获取尽可能多的信息

重视首句、突破首句。完形填空题所选用短文的第一句话通常是不设空的，目的是给考生一个整体印象，同时提示短文的中心内容或提供故事发生的时间、地点、背景等。

2. 通读全文，把握文章的基本脉络

做完形填空题应着眼于语篇理解，因为完形填空题中干扰项的设置极具迷惑性，如果操之过急，见空就填，可能会“只见树木，不见森林”。因此，正确的做法是先快速浏览全文，理清文章脉络，掌握文章大意，了解作者意图，为下一步逐个解题寻找判断的依据。同时，通读全文也解决了那些需要通过上下文或联系语篇语境的题目。

为了快速浏览全文，掌握大意，在阅读过程中要特别注意文章和段落的首尾句，因为这些

句子往往就是整个篇章或段落的主题思想。它还能让你很快了解文章的体裁、形式、涉及的内容及作者的意图。获得这些重要信息，对下面的做题至关重要。

3. 研读全文，初步确定答案

掌握了文章的大意后，就为进一步做题奠定了基础。这时应细读全文，按照文章内容的前后顺序并结合备选答案，边读边分析，边推断正确选项。同时，对试题的测试部分（即文中空格）要进行认真分析。一般的设空词有语用固定型和语境逻辑型两大类。语用固定型题目一般是较为常见的语法结构、词汇及习语等，这部分试题可先行解决。在先行解决一部分试题后，部分语句已经通畅，也就有了更为完整的信息，这有助于进一步了解语篇及作者意图。再经过对已知信息的分析、推理，语境逻辑型试题也会迎刃而解。

当然，在做题过程中也会有一部分题目的四个选项填到空格中时，每一个单独的语句都是符合语法规则的，这时考生就应该利用已知信息，挖掘深层含义，联系上下文，根据文章的主旨和语境要求，把握词义的细微差别，排除干扰项。

4. 复读全文，全面验证答案

填完空格后，重读全文，这也是解题过程中至关重要的一环。此时考生对文章已经有了一个相对完整的了解，对文章的理解也更进了一步，也就摸清了文章内在发展的逻辑关系。而如果在此时再读一遍文章，就有可能会发现一些其他原来没有注意到的问题，也就能够根据对语篇的理解及内在的联系，反复推敲，比较异同，从而选择一个更符合文章意义的答案。

当堂检测

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（柯桥区中考模拟）

It was raining. I went into a café and asked for a cup of

coffee. 1 I was waiting for my drink, I realized there

were other people in the place, but I sensed 2 . I saw

their bodies, but I couldn’t feel their souls（灵魂）because their souls belonged to the 3 .

4 in front of it. “I’m Steve,” he finally an swered after I asked him

a couple of times what his name was. “I 5 talk with you. I’m 6 .

7 8 not a word came out of 9 mouth. I touched his shoulder, but no reaction. I was unhappy. I put my hand in front of the monitor, and he started to shout, “L eave me alone!”

I took a few steps back, wondering if all those people in the café were looking at me. I 10 and nobody showed any interest.

11 12 Steve. I wouldn’t want to 13 the future of human beings if they preferred sharing their lives with machines 14 people.

I was worried and sunk 15 my thoughts. I didn’t even notice that the coffee was bad, just as Steve didn’t notice there was a person next to him.

（）1. A. Before B. Since C. Although D. While

（）2. A. pain B. loneliness C. sadness D. pleased

（）3. A. home B. world C. Net D. café

（）4. A. sleeping B. laughing C. sitting

D. learning

（）5. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D.

needn’t

（）6. A. surprised B. delighted C. moved

D. worried

（）7. A. What B. Why C. How D. Who

（）8. A. but B. so C. if

D. or

（）9. A. my B. her C. their

D. his

（）10. A. waved my hand B. shook my shoulder

C. nodded my head

D. raised my head

（）11. A. From then on B. At that moment

C. In all

D. Above all

（）12. A. particularly B. usually C. really D. nicely

（）13. A. tell B. plan C. imagine

D. design

（）14. A. other than B. instead of C. except for D. as well as

（）15. A. on B. between C. for D. in

参考答案

当堂检测

1. D

2. B 【解析】由下文“我看到他们的身体，但我感受不到他们的灵魂，因为他们的灵魂属于因特网”可知。

3—5. CCA 6—10. ABADD 11—15. BACBD

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