翻译讲解和上海历年翻译真题

翻译评分标准：

1．第1题3分，第2—4题，每题4分；第5题5分。

2．在每题中，单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误累计每两处扣1分。

3．语法错误每处扣1分。每句同类语法错误不重复扣分。

4．译文没有用所给单词，扣1分。

高考英语翻译技巧“四步法”

翻译不仅在高考英语主观题中占不小的比例，而且翻译能力还直接影响考生在作文中的表现。要在翻译题中拿到高分，除了扎实的语言基本功外，还要在平时的练习中训练一套翻译四步法，以确保准确率。

下面我们以2006年高考中的一句中译英―我向她请教，她总是有求必应，而且解释得令我十分满意。(satisfaction)‖(下文以―06例句‖来指代)为例，来演示这―四步法‖。

第一步：一读中文，理清结构，搭好总体框架

中文必须仔细读，尤其是最后两句翻译句子，它们大都在句子结构上提高了难度。读什么？读出句子结构：对于简单句，辨别出主谓宾，分清定语、同位语和状语；对于并列句，记住两个语法意义上独立的分句，须由连词连接起来；对于复合句，须区分定语从句，名词性从句以及状语从句。高考翻译中的长句子都是纸老虎，大家只要判断句子之间的逻辑关系，然后用合适的连接词（或者介词短语，非谓语动词等）把句子给连接起来，整个句子就搞定了。在06例句中，我们就可以读出―我向她请教‖是时间状语从句，为了呼应之后的―总是‖，我们可选择―每当‖(every time)来充当连词。在后面的主句中，―有求必应‖与―解释‖之间的关系是并列的，需要一个连词来连接这两个动词，即可以对应―而且‖运用―not only……but also……‖的结构，也可以简化为一个连词―and‖。

第二步：结合中文，决定关键词的位置和用法

重视所给关键词，对其所考查的各类词的用法或特殊句型，如倒装句、It句型和There be 句型等，可以先有一个大致的预测。在此基础上，回到原文，―对症下药‖，保证它与原文的契合度。同时，也要绝对忠于所给词的词性及大小写。在06例句中，结合―令我十分满意‖，联想到以往常用的to my surprise/excitement,所给关键词可应用为to my full satisfaction.

第三步：二读中文，确定动词时态及语态

除了所给关键词外，句中的动词也应关注。如果句中有两个或两个以上的动词，那么除了一个做主句谓语外，剩下的不是做并列句或复合句中的谓语，就是做非谓语。对于作谓语的动词，时态往往是最容易忽视的。因此，第三步是明确动词的时态及其用法。同时，也建议学生们在平时翻译训练中，除了动词外，还可根据意群将一些涉及到词的用法、词组及成语的短语，先确定下来，然后再进行整句翻译，以确保准确率。

此外，中译英所要求的绝不是字字对应的翻译。在没有现成的固定表达可用的情况下，要化繁为简，将已有语言知识作为基础，合理地转换中文，运用知识迁移进行翻译。06例句中，我们首先根据中文知道它所叙述的是客观事实，因此确定用一般现在时。在翻译―向她请教‖时，根据我们已知的词组―向某人求助‖turn t o sb.for help或ask sb.for help，将求―助‖转换为求―建议‖，译为turn to her for advice或askher for advice。至于成语―有求必应‖，先要转换为―乐于助人‖，即be ready to help。

第四步：整句翻译，对照中文，防止遗漏

翻译讲究的是―信、达、雅‖，学生们首先要做到的是―信‖，忠于原文。然而，学生在翻译时往往会出现―偷工减料‖的现象，所以，第四步就是在翻译时，对照中文，切勿遗漏信息，遗漏标点。这需要考生在翻译时对句子的细节有精准的把握，翻译完后再对照一下中英文意思，看有没有遗漏重要信息。

06例句最终可以翻译为：Every time I ask her for advice,she is always ready to help and explains to my full satisfaction.学生们要注意―总是‖、―十分‖这类词不要遗漏。

如何备考

一、对于基本词汇和词组的掌握一定要扎实。

高考翻译考查的其实主要还是基本的词汇和词组的应用，凡是在翻译方面失分多的考生往往都是因为基本的词汇、词组掌握不牢，或者语法功底不够扎实。有些同学可能在背词汇和词组方面也花了很多功夫，但是在翻译或者写作的时候却依然不会用一些词组或者词汇以及句型等。这可能就跟英语学习的方法有关系了。

学生可以通过背例文、例句以及自己仿写的方式来积累词汇、词组、句式等。这不但对于高考写作和翻译至关重要，对于搞定词汇语法题目、阅读等也很有意义。很多同学对于部分倒装的句子的语序掌握不牢固，例如2006年中一个容易失分的翻译，即―这小孩子太调皮,使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱(So)‖（So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.）。

二、学生要准确无误地用英语将中文句子的意思完全表达出来，还要掌握最基本的句子结

构和各种基本句型。

Ⅰ简单句

结构例句

主语+不及物动词Money talks.

有钱能使鬼推磨。

主语+及物动词+宾语Every cloud has a silver lining.

乌云之后总有阳光。

主语+系动词+表语Knowledge is power.

知识就是力量。

主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语You tell me the truth..

别拐弯抹角。

主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Adversity makes a man wise.

逆境使人聪明。

Ⅱ并列句

结构例句

简单句+并列连词+简单句 A little learning is a dangerous thing, but a lot of ignorance

is just as bad.知识浅薄是危险的，无知同样糟糕。

简单句+并列连词+副词+简单句He lied to the company and therefore he was removed from

the position.

他向公司撒了谎，因此他被解雇了。

简单句+并列副词+简单句You must redouble your efforts, or you’ll lag behind.

你必须加倍努力，否则你就要落后了。

III.复合句

定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句

Ⅳ It引导的句子

结构例句

It is +adj.+for/of sb. to do sth. It is very necessary for a university student to study

one or two foreign languages well.

It is no use/good doing sth. It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。

It is +被强调的部分+that/who/whom It was last Sunday that we went to the Shanghai Grand

Theatre.

V.【Attention】

a. It is +adj.+for/of s

b. To do sth.这一句型非常重要，应用十分广泛，所以要特别注意for和of的用法。

① of sb.的句型一般用表示感情或态度的形容词，如：good, kind, nice, wise, clever, foolish, right, wrong, careful等。

e.g. It is very kind of you to help me so.

② for sb.的句型一般用表示客观情况的形容词，如：easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary, possible, interesting等。

e.g. It is impossible for me to work out the difficult problem in such a short time.

b.it的强调结构可以用来强调时间状语和原因状语从句，不能强调让步状语从句或since , as 引导的原因状语从句。而且强调句型也可以用于特殊疑问句。

e.g. It was because the weather was too bad that we failed to get into touch with them.

When was it that you got a doctor’s degree? Master/ bachelor

V. 倒装句型。

三、.要做好“中译英”这一类型，学生除了需要掌握最基本的英语句子结构和各种基本句型，还得注意动词的正确用法，因为动词是句子的核心和灵魂。动词涉及到时态、语态、语气、主谓一致，有谓语与非谓语、及物与不及物、延续性与短暂性，陈述与虚拟之分。翻译时，要注意这些中文里少有的或根本没有的语言特征，并灵活运用。例如：

e.g. Over eight percent of the population of our country are(这里一般不用is)peasants.

The population of China is (这里一般不用are)over 1,300,000,000.

四、细做真题与模拟题。

对于做真题和模拟题的方法:

（1）做

（2）对答案

（3）找出自己的出错点以及题目的考点。所谓找考点就是找出这个句子考查的重点以及能作为一般规律应用到今后做翻译题中的地方。例如做08年第三题就总结出了it is…for sb to do…这个用法，做08年第4题就可以总结出如何翻译无主语句子。

（4）针对出错点和考点，自己造句子

五、掌握一定的翻译技巧。上海历届高考翻译真题

2011年

1.你为什么不网上订票？（why）

2.我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。(mistake)

3.对父母而言，没有什么能与孩子的身心健康相比。(compare)

4.自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们联系了。(No longer)

5.如果能找到任何适合你的学习方法，你的学习效率就可能明显提高。(whatever)

2010年

1.这本杂志花了我20多元。（cost）

2.雨天我总是比平时起得晚。（than）

3.看到奶奶有些睡意，他拉上窗帘并把电视的音量调低了。(turn)

4.乍一看，这块手表没有什么特别之处，但实际上它是一部手机。（there be）

5.我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论，就尽早让公众知晓。（once）

2009春1.早睡早起有益于健康（do good to）

2.乘车时你有主动给老人让座的习惯吗？（offer）

3.就我所知，在那座小城市里购物很方便。(as far as)

4.他很后悔失去了获得奖学金的机会。（regret）

5.到目前为止，我们学过的英语单词总计大约有三千五百个。(add up to)

6.学生们逐渐认识到友谊胜过金钱才是真朋友。（realize）

2009夏1. 网球运动在上海越来越流行了。（popular）

2. 我认为你们的建议和他们的一样有价值。（as…as）

3. 只喝一杯咖啡就会使我整晚睡不着。（keep）

4. 为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士，一部电影即将开拍。（memory）

5. 过了三天她才想起把雨衣忘在语言实验室了。（remember）

6. 尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，实施援救。（despite）

2008春1.你擦一下窗好吗？（mind ）

2.有困难请向警察求助。（turn to ）

3.他一到上海就和我们取得了联系。（contact ）

4.演出还没有结束，孩子们就睡着了。(before )

5.导演得知自己的影片获奖，感到无比自豪。（award ）

6.这些十八世纪的油画保存昨这样好，使参观者大为惊叹。（so …that ）

2008夏

1. 我们打篮球的时间到了。(time)

2. 他设法把游客及时送到了机场。(manage)

3. 你今晚能来参加我的生日聚会? (possible)

4. 应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。(encourage)

5. 我对学生所谈的电子产品一无所知，我发现自己落伍了。(ignorant)

6. 尽管遭受如此严重的自然灾害，但只要不灰心，我们终会克服暂时的困难。(Although...) 2007春

1.前天我们订购了二十台洗衣机。(order)

2.因为大雨,校运会将不得不推迟。(put off)

3.为了您的家庭幸福,务必遵守交能规则。(Do...)

4.据报道这种野生植物含有丰富的维生素。(It...)

5.和园丁们一起工作让我们学到许多关于花卉的知识。(enable)

6.遇到困难的时候,我们需要的不是彼此的埋怨,而是相互帮助。(not...but)

2007夏

1.他们的新房子离学校很远。（far）

2.不在房间的时候别让灯开着。（when）

3.我忘了提醒他面试的时间。（remind）

4.各色阳伞给夏日街头平添了活泼的气氛。（add to）

5.无论风多大、雨多急，警察一直坚守在岗位上。（no matter…）

6.医生挨家挨户上门巡坊，省去了许多老年人去医院的麻烦。（save）

2006春

1.昨天我的电脑坏了。(wrong)

2.为了保持健康，我们经常参加体育锻炼。(To…)

3.躺在草地上听音乐真是惬意。(It…)

4.物理课上，他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。(fail)

5.是否在黄埔江上再建一座大桥，委员们意见不一。(agree)

6.我向她请教，她总是有求必应，而且解释得令我十分满意。(satisfaction)

2006夏

1. 我们相信农民的生活会越来越好。(believe)

2. 一本书是否畅销取决于诸多因素。(Whether. . . )

3. 我不需要买新车, 我的那辆旧车还很好。(condition)

4. 这里的菜烧得很好，还有免费蛋糕供应。(provide)

5. 外出旅游时务必注意保护环境，为他人着想。(sure)

6. 这小孩太调皮，使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱。(So …)

2005春1.我们盼望能参加下星期举行的艺术节开幕式。(look forward to)

2.多参加些体育锻炼，你就不那么容易感冒了。(1f…)

3.因为缺少实践，他没有通过驾驶考试。(The reason why)

4.直到被送入手术间时，他才明白遵守交通规则的重要性。(not...until...)

5. 虽然她孤身—人，无亲无故，但邻居们都向她伸出了援助之手。(offer)

2005夏1我希望尽快收到你的照片.(hope)

2. 多吃蔬菜和水果有益健康.(good)

3. 今天下午我没空,我和牙医有约.(appointment)

4. 你最好乘出租车去电影节的开幕式,不然就要迟到了.(or)

5. 这款手机式样新颖,携带方便,深受年轻人的欢迎.(popular)

6. 他进公司后不久就独立完成了一项艰巨的任务,同事们对他刮目相看.(so) 2004夏1.小组讨论有助于更好地理解课文。(help)

2.上周因为生病我缺了一些课，但是我会努力赶上大家的。(miss)

3.这个游戏的规则太复杂，三言两语解释不清。(too….to)

4.你该说刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。(apologize)

5.我发现很难与那些一贯固执已见的人合作。(…it…)

2003夏1.请尽早做出决定，不然你会坐失良机。（or）

2.那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘出它的美丽。（It…）

3.勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效方法之一。（infect）

4.这条铁路横贯平原，把那个偏远山城与海港连接了起来。（remote）

5.这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜，我简直爱不释手。（so…that）2002春1.我第一次写英语作文时，犯了许多拼写错误。（make）

2.保护环境是每个公民的职责。（It…）

3.这个事故使我们意识到安全问题不容忽视。（realize）

4.不管天有多晚，他从不把今天的事拖到明天。(put off )

5.许多外国游客都想去长城一游，他们知道―不到长城非好汉‖。（visit）

2002夏1.当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。（choice）

2.我没有想到汤姆会被选为学生会主席。（occur）

3.如果方便的话，请帮我从邮局取回包裹。（convenient）

4.应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识运用到实践中去。（apply）

5.如果队员之间不加强配合，我校篮球队就不可能在决赛中战胜对手。（unless）2001夏1.我们的祖国从来没有像今天这样强大。( Never …)

2.我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再作出最终结论。(before)

3.据说在那个湖底发现了一个古城的遗址。(discover)

4.这个地区的经济发展很快，可是某些市民的素质还不尽如人意。(quality)

5.他们应从这件事中吸取教训：玩火者必自焚。(burn)

2000春1. 进入大学以后, 他对计算机很感兴。(become interested in)

2. 集邮几乎占据了他所有业余时间。(occupy)

3. 只要专心学习, 你一定能顺利通过考试。(concentrate)

4. 越来越多的人意识到遵守交通规则的重要性。(be aware)

5. 尽管有很多困难, 我们仍将努力执行我们的计划。(in spite of)

6. 诺贝尔奖金授予那些在某一个领域作出巨大贡献的科学家。(be awarded) 2000夏1.让我们利用这次长假去香港旅游。（take advantage of ）

2.这张照片合我想起了我们在夏令营里度过的日子。（remind）

3.假如你想从事这项工作，你必须先接受三个月的训练。（take up ）

4.你一旦养成了坏习惯，改掉它是很难的。（once）

5.同其他学生相比，那个女孩有更强的英语听、说能力。（compare）

6.众所周知，成功来自勤奋，不努力则一事无成。（without）

2010年1. This magazine cost me over twenty yuan.

2. I always get up later than usual in rainy days.

3. Seeing Grandmother was sleepy, he drew the curtain together and turned down the TV.

4. There's nothing special about this watch at first sight, but actually it is a mobile phone.

5. We agreed that once the research conclusion was made, it would be made public as soon as possible.

2009春1. Going to bed early and getting up early does good to your health.

2. Do you have the habit of offering your seat to the old on the bus?

3. As far as I know, it is convenient to do shopping in that small city.

4. He regretted missing the chance of getting the scholarship.

5. The English words we have learned so far add up to about 3500.

6. The students have come to realize that friendship is more important than money and that a friend in need is a friend indeed.

2009夏1. Tennis is getting more and more popular in Shanghai.

2. I think your suggestion is as valuable as theirs.

3. Drinking only a cup of coffee will keep me awake all night.

4. A film will be made/shot in memory of these brave fire fighters.

5. It was three days later that she remembered leaving /having left her raincoat in the language lad.

6. Despite the high mountains and thick forests, the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue/to carry out the rescue.

2008春1.Do you mind /Would you mind cleaning the window?

2.(Please )Turn to the police for help when (you are )in trouble.

3.He contacted us as soon as he arrived in Shanghai .

4.The children had fallen asleep/gone to sleep before the performance ended/was over .

5.Learning that he was awarded /won an award for his film ,the director felt very proud of himself/was full of pride .

6.These eighteenth–century oil paintings have been/are preserved so well that the visitors are greatly amazed/impressed.

2008夏1. It is time for us to play basketball.

2. He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time.

3. Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening?

4. Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points.

5. Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about, I find myself left behind.

6. Although we are suffering such a severe natural disaster, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficulty as long as we don't lose heart.

2007春1.The day before yesterday we ordered twenty washing machines.

2.Beacuse of the heavy rain, the school sports meeting will be put off.

3.For the happiness of your family, Do obey traffic rules.

4.It is reported that wild plants contain rich Vitamins.

5.Working with gardeners enables us to learn a lot of knowledge about flowers.

6.In time of difficulty, what we need is not complaint to each other but understanding of each other.

2007夏1.Their new house is far from the school.

2.Don’t leave the light on w hen you are not in the room.

3.I forgot to remind him of the time for the interview.

4.Colorful umbrellas add to a lively atmosphere in the summer streets.

5.No matter how hard the rain falls and the wind blows, the police keep to their posts.

6.Doctors’ d oor-to-door visits save many old people’s trouble of going to hospital.

2006春1.There was something wrong with my computer yesterday.

2.To keep fit, we often take part in physical exercises.

3.It is pleasant lying on the grass and enjoying the music.

4.In the physics class, he failed to understand what Professor Wang was talking about.

5.The members of the committee / The committee can not agree on whether to build another bridge over / across the Huangpu River.

6.Every time I ask her for advice, she is always ready to help, and explains to my full satisfaction. 2006夏1. We believe that peasants'/farmers’ life will be/be getting better and better.

2. Whether a book sells well depends on many/various factors.

3. I don't need to/needn’t buy a new car as my old o ne is still in good condition.

4. The dishes are well cooked here and free cakes are provided.

5. Be sure to pay attention to protecting the environment and be considerate/think of others if/when/while traveling/doing traveling.

6. So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.

2005春1. We are looking forward to attending /taking part in next week's opening ceremony of the art festival /the opening ceremony of the art festival to be held next week.

2. If you take / have more physical exercise(s), you will not catch / are not likely to catch a cold easily.

3. The reason why he didn't pass the driving test was that he lacked practice.

4. He didn't realize the importance of observing / following / keeping / carrying out the traffic regulations/rules until he was sent into the operating room.

5. Although she lives (alone) with no relatives or friends, all the / her neighbours offer her a helping hand / offer to help her.

2005夏1. I hope (that) I can/ will receive your photo(s) as soon as possible./I hope to receive your photo(s) as soon as possible.

2. Eating/Having more vegetables and fruit(s) does good to / is good for one’s health.

3. I’m not free/ available this afternoon because I have/ have made an appointment with my dentist.

4. You’d better go to the opening ceremony of the Film Festival by taxi, or you’ll be late.

5. The mobile phone is fashionable/modern in style and convenient to carry, so it is very popular with the young/ young people/ youngsters.

6. He finished a difficult task on his own/independently soon/ shortly after he entered the company, so his colleagues looked at him differently/ with new eyes/regarded him in a totally different light. 2004夏1.Group discussion helps (to) understand the text better.

2.Because of illness/Being sick last week, I missed some lessons, but I will try to catch up with others.

3.The rules of the game are too complicated to explain/be explained in a few words.

4.You should apologize to the people present for what you have just done.

5.I find it (is) hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.

2003夏1.Please make up your mind/make your decision as early as possible /you can , or you’ll miss the good/golden chance/opportunity .

2.It’s very hard for those who haven’t been to the small village to describe its beauty .

3.Washing hands often/frequently /regularly is one of the effective ways to avoid being infected by disease (s).

4. The railway crosses/goes across/runs across the plain and connects /, connection the remote mountain (ous ) city with the sea port .

5.The historical novel about/describing World War I / the First World War is so attractive that I can’t bear (to do …)/stand parting with it / putting it down (back , aside )/ leaving it aside .

2002春1.The first time I wrote an English composition, I made a lot of spelling mistakes.

2.It is the duty of every citizen to protect our environment.

3.The accident made us realize that safety can’t be ignored.

4.However late it is, he never puts off what must be done today till tomorrow.

5.Many foreign tourists want to visit the Great Wall. They know that ― He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.‖

2002夏1.At that time, the taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the tourist/ traveler (for help).

2.It never occurred/ didn’t occur to me that Tom would/ should be elected/ made chairman of the Students’ Union.

3.If (it is) convenient, please fetch me the parcel from the post office / please go to the post office and fetch me the parcel.

4.Students should be encouraged/ We should encourage students to apply what they have learnt in class to practice.

5.Our school basketball team will not beat the opponents in the final match/ final(s) unless the team members strengthen their cooperation/ cooperate well with each other.

2001夏1.Never before has our country been so powerful as it is today.

2.We will have a further discussion before we draw/make a final conclusion.

3.It is said that the site of an ancient city has been discovered at the bottom of the lake.

4.Although the economy in this area is developing rapidly, the qualities of some citizens are still not satisfactory.

5.They should learn a lesson from this incident: he who plays with fire will surely get burnt. 2000春1. After entering the university, he became interested in computer(s).

2. Collecting stamps occupies almost all of his spare time.

3. So long as / If you concentrate on your studies, you’ll succeed in passing the examinations.

4. More and more people are aware that it is important to obey the traffic rules.

5. In spite of many difficulties, we will do our best to carry out our plan.

6. Nobel Prizes are awarded to the scientists who/ that (have)made great achievements in a certain field.

2000夏1.Let’s take advantage of the long vacation and make a trip to Hong Kong.

2.This photo reminds me of the days (that )we spent in the summer camp.

3.If you want to take up this job,you should first be trained for three months.

4.Once you form/get into a bad habit,it’s very difficult to get rid of /get out of it.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ca7998843.html,pared with other students,the girl has better listening and speaking abilities in English.

6.As we all know,success comes /results from hard work;without efforts nothing can be done/achieved.

英汉翻译评析(附参考译文)

英汉翻译讲解（1） I.英汉之间的差别： “对于中国学生最有用的帮助是让他认识英语和汉语的差别。”------吕叔湘 国内学者的共识是：汉语是综合性的，描写性的，而英语是分析性的，逻辑性的。在语言学上最重要的区别在于形合和意合的对比（contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis），英语重形合（形式上的融合），汉语重意合（意思或意境的融合）。在句法方面，有学者形象地把英汉比喻为以下几种： 1．雄孔雀/雄狮-----即英语习惯于把最着重的事物放在句首先说出来，开门见山，一语破的，然后再把各种标志一条条补述，一步步交代，慢条斯理，从容不迫，形成一条头短尾长地线性链，象头小尾大地雄孔雀。而汉语则相反，其线性序列的展开好比画龙点睛，先把外围的环境与衬托一一交代周到，最后点出话语的信息中心，水到渠成，给人以豁然开朗之感，形成雄狮型头大尾小地局式。 例如：I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly. 译文：由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快地重新实现访问。这使我感到特别高兴。 又如：The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely （不足地，不充分地；一定不，绝不）contested （斗争；比赛）. 译文：如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展，要享受其基本权利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易的。这一论断几乎是无可置辩的了。 2．葡萄/竹竿-----即把英语句子比作“葡萄型”结构，葡萄主干很短，其上附结着丰硕的果实。而汉语句子则较短，一个短句接一个短句地往下叙述，逐步展开，内容像竹竿一样一节一节展开，常称为“竹竿型”结构。 She was beautiful, with long dark hair and brilliant green eyes.她长得很美，一头乌黑亮丽的长发，一双晶莹明亮的绿色眼睛。 She has smooth akin as pale and iridescent as the moon shining over a snow-covered landscape.她光滑的肌肤白里透红，宛如皎洁的月光洒在茫茫血地上。 3．多枝共干----英语句子中还有两个或几个动词共受一个状语修饰，共有一个主语或宾语，或者两个或几个状语共同修饰一个动词，两个或几个主语或宾语共一个动词，这就好比几根树枝长在同一根树干上，我们称为“多枝共干”式结构。 4．也有学者认为英语是一种弥漫着“男子气”的语言。逻辑性、组织性和理性是以英语为母语的民族的思维支撑点，从而就形成了英语的“阳刚之美”。而汉语自有汉语之美。汉语不注重对客观现实作符合逻辑的形式的描摹，不执着于形式结构的规范，中国人的思维支撑点似乎更具有抽象，深邃和疏放的取向，由此繁衍生出的是显赫的暗示和幽远的意境从而形成汉语的“阴柔之美”。汉语的魅力在于她的流散和疏放，系于她超凡的暗示力和意境性。所以汉语的形式机制很弱，主谓宾没有形式标定，主谓间关系松散，宾语无定格，无定位，主语的超句承接功能很强。 如果说汉语是一种“人治”语言，那么，英语则是一种“理性”语言。汉语能化逻辑为内在，英语则必须将逻辑外化，化作种种行合的标记，化作启转承合的纽带。英语语法规范森严，理性十足；英语形式逻辑缜密，滴水不漏。 5．汉语是一种意境语言，一种艺术语言。寥寥数词，就能出意境，出氛围，出画面。

上海高考英语翻译句型总结汇总

not …until…/ Not until…/ It was not until…that 1.直到会议快要结束时他才露面。（show up） 2.直到二十世纪初人们才学会怎样防止这种疾病的蔓延。(prevent) 3.直到那时他才意识到他的老师是非常善解人意的。（considerate） 4.可惜他们直到事故发生之后才采取措施防止它。 5.直到上周末收到你的来信时我们才如释负重。（relieve） The more…the more.. 1．你的词汇量越大，你就感到用英语写作越容易。(feel it + adj. to do ) 2．人们普遍认为，用脑越多，思维就越活跃。( it is generally believed that ) 3．问题发现得越早，解决起来越容易。 4．问题越难，我越有可能能够解决他们。(likely) 5．我们学习得越多，将来就越能为我们国家工作的越好。 6．你练习讲英语越多，就越对你有好处。(do sb good) 7．我们经常讨论的一个问题是：是否钱越多越幸福。 8．相对而言，孩子与父母交流越多，越不可能感到忧郁。(suffer from) No matter how / however + adj. / adv. + S + V 1. 不管这个新体系有多复杂，我们还是要用它。(complicated) 2．无论社会发展得多快，这个传统应该代代相传。(pass on) 3．无论他如何努力，他似乎永远学不好物理。 4．不管我们有多忙，下星期我们一定会举行一次欢送会向那些退休工人们表示敬意。(in honor of) 5．不管天有多晚，他从不把今天必须做的事拖到明天。(put off) 6. 如果我们以一种强烈的意志工作，我们能够克服任何的困难，无论这个困难有多大。Adj. / adv. / n. / v. + as / though + S + V 1.虽然他很聪明，但他不愿把全部时间用在学习上。(devote…to) 2.他很累，但他还是工作到深夜。(work late into…) 3.虽然他是个孩子，但对于这个世界他了解很多。 4.虽然我敬佩他作为一个作家，但我不喜欢他作为一个人。(admire) Hardly / scarcely / barely…when no sooner …than 1.我刚到家，电话铃就响了。 2.他一到实验室，就开始做实验。(set out) 3.这男孩刚打开电脑，他父亲就回家了，叫他做功课。 4.他一到家就迫不及待地把好消息告诉他父母。(can't wait…) 1.Not until the meeting was almost over did he show up. th century did people learn how to prevent the disease from Not until the beginning of the 202. spreading. 3.Not until then did he realize that his teacher was very considerate / thoughtful / 1 understanding.

四级翻译样题解析

翻译大纲样题： 中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。Chinese New Year, known as Spring Festival in China, is the most important one among all traditional Chinese festival.新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始 一直延续到元宵节(the Lantern Festival)，即从农历(lunar calendar)最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。New Year celebrations start on Chinese New Year’s Eve, the last day of the last month in Chinese lunar calendar, and last to the Lantern Festival, the 15th day of the first month (of the next year).各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from

place to place. However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.为驱厄运、迎 好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们 还会在门上粘贴红色的对联(couplets)，对联的主题为健康、发财 和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红 包和探访亲友等。People also stick the red couplets on the door which topics are health, wealth, and fortune, and do other activities such as setting off firework, sending red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends. 首先，这段关于中国春节的小文章 难词较多，比如“传统”、“庆祝活动”、“除夕”、“延续”、“习俗”、“年夜饭”、“厄运”、“大扫除”“主题”、“放鞭炮”、“发红包”等等， 这些词有的比较抽象，有的不太常见， 或者有的是中国特有的说法，英文中没

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3.妈妈给自己设闹钟六小时响一次，以提醒她为宝宝量体温。（reminder） 【考点】as a reminder to do/of sth./that... 【词汇】设置闹钟六个小时响一次——set the alarm clock to ring every six hours 【难点】“提醒自己”用名词表达：a reminder for herself 参考译文：Mom sets the alarm clock to ring every six hours as a reminder for herself to take the baby’s temperature. 4.在这个村庄，他们吃饭只吃八分i饱，但这个健康的饮食习惯最开始是为了解决食物短缺。（until） 【考点】until可以用在“eat until they are satisfied”；或keep the habit...until they have abundant food 【词汇】八分饱——eat 30% less；leave off with an appetite；(not)eat until they are full等 应对……困境——cope with/deal with/respond to；或介词against/in reaction to/in response to... 每餐——for every single meal；each meal 【难点】防止冗余的翻译：如deal with the lack of food（缺少食物的困境）；healthy eating habit、或healthy diet（健康的饮食习惯）；（通常每餐吃八分饱） 参考译文：People in this village usually eat until they are satisfied，

(完整版)2019年上海高考英语一模翻译汇编.doc

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