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高考英语语法：定语从句

关系代词引导的定语从句

一.关系代词的用法: 关系代词指代先行词

在定语从句中作主语

在定语从句中作动词的宾语或者介词的宾语, 介词在后

指人

that / who

that / who / whom

指物

that / which

上表中黑框内的关系代词可以省略; 在口语及非正式文体中whom常被who所替代; 另外, 关系代词whose表示(先行词)的

二.示例:

1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语

a. Do you know the man that / who came to see Xiao Yang this morning ?

b. This is a book that / which tells about space rocket.

2.关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语

a. The comrade ( that / who / whom ) they came to visit is a scientist.

b. I will never forget the day ( that / which ) we spent in the countryside.

3.关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语, 介词在后

a. This is the house ( that / which ) he was born in.

b. The person ( that / who / whom ) you should write to is Mr Ball.

c. The man ( that / who / whom ) you talked with is our English teacher.

a. I know a lady whose husband is a Nobel Prize winner.

b. The child whose mother died in the fire is now an engineer in our company.

c. He is living in a house whose windows are painted white.

三.应注意的问题:

1.指物时, 关系代词只用that而不用which的情况:

①.先行词被最高级或the only, the very, the same等修饰时

a. This is the best play that was written by Jack.

b. He is the only person that I can trust.

②.先行词被序数词或the last等词修饰时

a. This is the first car that arrived this morning.

③.先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词时或被不定代词all, any, no等修饰时

a. All the people that come from the country work much harder.

b. This is all that I can tell you.

④.人+动物或事物共同作为先行词时

a. My father and Mr Brown talked of things and persons that they remembered for about an hour.

⑤.句中又有which作为疑问词出现时

a. Which is the train that goes to Beijing ?

2.关系代词who, which, that在定语从句中作主语时, 要注意定语从句中的主谓一致问题. 因为who / that / which指代先行词, 所以定语从句的谓语与先行词保持一致即可

a. I came to get the book that was left in the classroom.

b. I came to get the books that were left in the classroom.

一.关系副词的用法: when在定语从句中作地点状语; where在定语从句中作地点状语; why在定语从句中作原因状语

二.示例:

a. He was well at the time when I saw him.

b. Let’s meet at the place where we met yesterday.

c. This is the reason why I am in favor of the singer.

三.应注意的问题:

1.在某些表示时间的名词后的关系副词可省略, 这样的名词如: the time, every time, each time, the moment, the minute, the second等(也有语法家认为是这些名词直接引导了时间状语从句)

a. By the time ( when ) he was fourteen years old he had learned much English.

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

一.说明: 关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 介词可以位于关系代词之前, 从而构成介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

二.这种定语从句中关系代词的用法: 在这种定语从句中, 关系代词只能用whom(指人)和which(指事物), 而不能使用that / who

三.示例:

a. This is the house in which he was born.

b. The person to whom you should write is Mr Ball.

c. The man with whom you talked is our English teacher.

d. The gentleman, with whose daughter I worked, looked down upon woman.

四.应注意的问题:

1.关系代词前的介词可以是单个介词, 也可以是短语介词或类似短语介词的词组

a. This is the house in which he was born.

b. At five o’cloc k we reache d the house, in front of which there is a big tree.

c. At five o’clock we reached the mountain, at the foot of which lie some farmhouses.

2.根据表达的需要, 介词之前还可以有其他词, 从而构成名词或代词+介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

a. I used to live in a small room, the window of which faces the street.

b. At the gate stood a group of students, some of whom are girls.

3.介词若为短语动词中的介词, 则不可将介词拆开放在关系代词之前

a. This is the magazine whic h you are looking for.( for不能放在which之前)

b. The child whom Aunt Li takes care of is ill.( of不能放在whom之前)

4.关系副词when / where / why常可与介词+关系代词互换

a. Do you remember the days when we were in Beijing? ( =in which we were in Beijing )

b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?( =in which we once played for a whole day )

c. This is the reason why he was absent yesterday. (= for which he was absent )

限定性与非限定性定语从句

一.两者的区别: 见下表

形式

作用

译法

限定性定语从句

无逗号与主句分开

修饰限定作用, 即不可缺少的定语

其译文常位于先行词之前, 并体现的

非限定性定语从句

有逗号与主句分开

附加、补充说明的作用, 若缺少它, 句意仍然完整

常将其译成一个和主句并列的分句

二.关系词的用法: 非限定性定语从句不能用that引导, 并且关系词在任何情况下都不能省略, 除此之外, 在关系词的使用上, 非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句完全相同

三.示例:

a. My book, which is very old, is on the table.

b. President Kennedy, who had heard of King before, was interested to meet him.

c. His father, who is working in Beijing, is an engineer.

d. The house, where he was born, has been destroyed in the earthquak

e. Mr. Smith, with whom you just talked, is our English teacher.

f. The gentleman, with whose daughter I worked, looked down upon woman.

四.应注意的问题:

1.as / which都可以引导一个非限定性定语从句, as / which是关系代词, 指代主句中所提到的某种情况, 它们的不同点是:

①.as引导的这种定语从句位置比较灵活, 可位于句首, 句中, 句尾; 但which引导的这种定语从句只能位于主句之后

②. as还带有正如, 正象之意, 而which不含此意

a. The earth is like a ball, as everyone knows.

b. As everyone knows, the earth is like a ball.

c. They said they were French, which wasn’t true.

常见问题

一.定语从句还原法: 试题中有很多有关定语从句的, 这类题往往需选择引导词部分. 做好这类题的关键首先是要有这样的观念: 定语从句应有完整而合理的句子成分. 基于这一点, 我们可以用还原法来检验定语从句是否正确, 即把定语从句还原成为一个简单句. 具体做法是:

①.第一步: 替换. 将关系代词直接替换成先行词, 如果是关系副词, 先替换成介词+关系代词, 再将关系代词替换成先行词

②.第二步: 调整, 即调整语序, 看能否构成一个合理的简单句

例如, 还原以下例句a中的定语从句的过程是: 先将that / which替换成先行词the park, 再调整语序, 就能得到一个合理的简单句: We visited the park last year. 再如, 还原以下例句b中的定语从句的过程是: 先将where替换成in which, 再将which替换成先行词the park, 再调整语序, 就得到一个合理的简单句: We once played for a whole day in the park.

a. Do you remember the park that / which we visited last year?

b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?

c. Do you still remember the days that / which we spent together ?

d. Do you still remember the days when we were together?

二.分隔定语从句: 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后, 但有时也被分隔开来, 在阅读时要注意根据定语从句所表达的意思来分辨先行词是什么

a. I was the only person in the office who was invited.

b. He was the only o ne of the students who passed the GRE.

①.as引导的这种定语从句位置比较灵活, 可位于句首, 句中, 句尾; 但which引导的这种定语从句只能位于主句之后

②. as还带有正如, 正象之意, 而which不含此意

a. The earth is like a ball, as everyone knows.

b. As everyone knows, the earth is like a ball.

c. They said they were French, which wasn’t true.

常见问题

①.第一步: 替换. 将关系代词直接替换成先行词, 如果是关系副词, 先替换成介词+关系代词, 再将关系代词替换成先行词

②.第二步: 调整, 即调整语序, 看能否构成一个合理的简单句

a. Do you remember the park that / which we visited last year?

b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?

c. Do you still remember the days that / which we spent together ?

d. Do you still remember the days when we were together?

二.分隔定语从句: 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后, 但有时也被分隔开来, 在阅读时要注意根据定语从句所表达的意思来分辨先行词是什么

a. I was the only person in the office who was invited.

b. He was the only one of the students who passed the GRE

高三语法复习专题定语从句(一)

高三语法复习专题定语从句（一）【学习目标】1.熟练指出定语从句的相关术语 2.只能用that，which的情况。 3.准确选择关系代词或关系副词。 4.掌握介词+which的情况。预习案Previewing case ［典例分析］She is the girl who likes singing. 主句 ; 从句 ; 先行词 ;关系代词 ; 〔了解几个基本含义〕 ①定语从句的定义：一个句子担任定语，这个句子就叫做定语从句。根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，定语从句分为限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句和间隔式定语从句。限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制的作用，若去掉它，先行词便不能明确表示其所指对象，因此，限制性定语从句和它的先行词所指意义有着不可分割的联系，不能用逗号将其与先行词隔开。如：The old woman has two daughters who work in the same company. 非限制性定语从句对先行词获主句起补充说明的作用，即使删去也不影响主句的语义完整。非限制性定语从句与先行词或主句之间常用逗号隔开。如：Yesterday, my boss left for Paris, where he had stayed for five years. 间隔式定语从句是指为了某种特殊的需要，与先行词分离的定语从句。如：The actor entered the hall who had just sang several pop songs. ②先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、词组或代词成为先行词。 ③关系词的作用：既代替前面的先行词在句子里担当一定的句子成分，又把两个句子连接起来构成一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。〈举一反三〉请找出下列所给句子的先行词以及关系代词，并猜想关系代词/关系副词的作用。用“”表示先行词；“”表示关系代词，并完成表格。 1.The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher. 2.The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting. 3.She lives in a house whose windows faces south. 4.Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher? 5.I have never heard such stories as he tells. 6.I’ll never forget the day when /on which I joined the army. 7.I won’t forget the factory where / in which my father worked. 8.Tell me the reason why you came late.

高中英语2020届二轮复习语法专项定语从句学案

定语从句

必备知识梳理考点一关系代词引导的定语从句：一． who、whom、whose引导的定语从句 1.who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中可作主语也可作宾语，whom在从句中只作宾语，两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，

who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。 I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school (who/whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year. (2017全国卷阅读七选五) Campers, in my eyes, were people that/who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. 2.whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于 of which，指人时相当于 of whom。 (2016全国二卷阅读理解) I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect other students. 二．that、which引导的定语从句 1.which指物，常在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可，常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. (2016天津卷阅读表达) Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. 2.限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用 which的情况： (1).先行词为不定代词 anything、 nothing、 something、 everything、 all、 some、none、little few、the one等时； I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. (2).先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或其前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时； The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. (3).先行词被 the only、 the very、 the last、any、every、each、 few、 little、no、some、all等修饰时。 The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. (4).先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的词时。

英语语法讲解之定语从句

英语语法讲解之定语从句时间：2016-08-12作者：来源：学习方法网一．几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why 5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能(作用)： ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。 7.定语从句的类型： ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend. ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter.

=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。 I live in a house far away from the city，in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate，on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指人用whom，指物用which)引导。One，some，any，none，all，both，several，many，most，neither，either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children，two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children，and two of them are abroad.) We have three books，none of which is/are interesting. (比较：We have three books，but none of them is/are interesting.) 除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。

英语高三《定语从句》专项练习含答案

题组一基础过关 I.单句语法填空 1. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, ________, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. 2. Care of the soul is a gradual process in ________ even the small details of life should be considered. 3. That evening, ________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. 4. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. 5. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, ________ made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true. 6. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood. 7. Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world. II. 用适当的关系词填空 1. Do you remember the scene ________ Cao Cao and Liu Bei were drinking? 2. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 3. I will never forget the days ________ I was taken good care of in that village. 4. Do you know the reason John is so angry? 5. None of us know the reason ________ Tom was absent from the meeting. 6. The reason he explained at the meeting for his absence didn’t make sense. 7. I still remember the night she left the house. 8. However, this was a time one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 9. Today we have reached a stage we have almost no rights at all. 10. The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 题组二能力提升 I．单项填空 ( ) 1.This year’s children’s party, ________ some parents were invited to, was a great success. A.which B.why C.whose D.where ( ) 2.The death of the closest relatives, ________ almost every one of us has experienced, always makes people feel bitter and unbearable. A.which B.who C.as D.the one ( ) 3.—Have you heard any news about Sarah? —Yes, she was promoted to president of her company, ________ surprised everyone.

高中英语非限定性定语从句语法归纳

非限定性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种，是定语从句的分支之一。作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。运用非限定性定语从句，尤其要注意其语法运用及其所表示的东西。 1 who引导的非限制性定语从句 Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook. 我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。 My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year. 我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。 2 whom引导的非限制性定语从句。关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。如：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。 Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。 3 whose引导的非限制性定语从句。 whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。 The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period. 这剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。 4 which引导的非限制性定语从句。关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ①which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。 She is an artist，which I am not. 她是一位艺术家，而我不是。 Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。 The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上，也真是如此。 ②which指代主句中的形容词。如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。 She is always careless，which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。 ③which指代主句中的某个从句。

(专题精选)初中英语语法知识—定语从句的易错题汇编含答案

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