法律渊源source of law
制定法 statute
判例法case law; precedent
普通法 common law 特别法 special law 固有法 native law; indigenous law
继受法 adopted law 实体法substantial law
程序法 procedural law
原则法fundamental law
例外法exception law
司法解释 judicial interpretation
习惯法customary law 公序良俗public
order and moral
自然法 natural law
罗马法 Roman Law
私法 private law
公法 public law
市民法 jus civile
万民法 jus gentium
民法法系 civil law
system
英美法系 system of
Anglo-American law
大陆法系 civil law
system
普通法 common law
大陆法
continental law
罗马法系 Roman law
system
衡平法 equity; law
of equity
日尔曼法
Germantic law
教会法
ecclesiastical law
寺院法 canon law
伊斯兰法Islamic
law
民法法律规范 norm
of civil law
授权规范
authorization norm
禁止规范
forbidding norm
义务性规范
obligatory norm
命令性规范
commanding norm
民法基本原则
fundamental
principles of
civil law
平等原则
principle of equality
自愿原则principle of free will
公平原则principle of justice
等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange
诚实信用原则principle of good faith
行为 act
作为 ac
不作为 omission
合法行为lawful act
违法行为 unlawful act
民事权利能力civil right
绝对权absolute
right
相对权relative
right
优先权right of
priority
先买权 preemption
原权antecedent
right
救济权right of
relief
支配权right of
dominion
请求权right of
claim
物上请求权right
of claim for real
thing
形成权right of
formation
撤销权right of
claiming
cancellation
否认权right of
claiming
cancellation
解除权right of
renouncement
代位权 subrogated
right
选择权right of
choice
承认权right of
admission
终止权right of
termination
抗辩权right of
defense
一时性抗辩权
momentary right of
defense
永久性抗辩权
permanent
counter-argument right
不安抗辩权unstable
counter-argument right
同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance
既得权tested right
期待权expectant right
专属权exclusive right
非专属权non-exclusive
right
人身权利 personal right
人权 human right 人格权right of
personality
生命健康权right
of life and health
姓名权right of
name
名称权right of
name
肖像权right of
portraiture
自由权right of
freedom
名誉权right
reputation
隐私权right of
privacy
私生活秘密权
right of privacy
贞操权virginity
right
身份权right of
status
亲权parental
power; parental
right
亲属权right of
relative
探视权 visitation
right
配偶权right of
spouse
荣誉权right of
honor
权利的保护
protection of
right
公力救济public
protection
私力救济
self-protection
权利本位 standard
of right
社会本位 standard
of society
无责任行为irresponsible
right
正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为act of defence
自为行为self-conducting act
紧急避险act of rescue; necessity 自助行为act of self-help
不可抗力force majeure
意外事件 accident 行为能力 capacity for act
意思能力 capacity of will 民事行为 civil act
意思表示
declaration of
intention
意思表示一致
meeting of minds;
consensus
完全行为能力
perfect capacity
for act
限制行为能力
restrictive
capacity for act
准禁治产人
quasi-interdicted
person
保佐 protection
自治产人 minor who
is capable of
administering his
own capacity
无行为能力
incapacity for act
禁治产人
interdicted person
自然人natural
person
公民 citizen
住所 domicile
居所 residence
经常居住地
frequently
dwelling place
户籍census
register
监护 guardianship
个体工商户
individual
business
农村承包经营户
leaseholding rural
household
合伙 partnership
合伙人 partner
合伙协议partnership agreement
合伙财产 property of partnership
合伙债务debt of partnership
入伙join partnership
退伙withdrawal from partnership
合伙企业partnership business establishment
个人合伙partnership
法人合伙partnership of legal person
特别合伙special partnership 普通合伙general
partnership
有限合伙limited
partnership
民事合伙civil
partnership
隐名合伙 sleeping
partnership;
dormant
partnership
私营企业private
enterprise;
proprietorship
法人 legal person
企业法人legal
body of enterprise
企业集团 group of
enterprise
关联企业
affiliate
enterprise
个人独资企业
individual
business
establishment
国有独资企业
solely state-owned
enterprise
中外合资企业
Sino-foreign joint
venture enterprise
中外合作企业
Sino-foreign
contractual
enterprise
社团法人legal
body of mass
organization
财团法人legal
body of financial
group
联营 joint venture
法人型联营
association of
legal persons
合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership
协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management
合作社cooperative
民事法律行为civil legal act
单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act
双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act
多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act 有偿民事法律行为
civil legal act
with consideration
无偿民事法律行为
civil legal act
without
consideration;
civil legal act
without award
实践性民事法律行
为 practical civil
legal act
法律翻译公司
诺成性民事法律行
为 consental civil
legal act
要式民事法律行为
formal civil legal
act
不要式民事法律行
为informal civil
legal act
要因民事法律行为
causative civil
legal act
不要因民事法律行
为noncausative
civil legal act
主民事法律行为
principal civil
legal act
从民事法律行为
accessory civil
legal act
附条件民事法律行
为conditional
civil legal act
附期限民事法律行
为 civil legal act
with term
生前民事法律行为
civil legal act
before death
死后民事法律行为
civil legal act after death
准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act
无效行为ineffective act
可撤销民事行为revocable civil act
违法行为illegal act; unlawful act 侵权行为 tort
欺诈 fraud
胁迫 duress
乘人之危taking advantage of others’precarious position
以合法形式掩盖非法目的 legal form concealing illegal
intention
恶意串通
malicious
collaboration
重大误解gross
misunderstanding
显失公平obvious
unjust
误传
misrepresentation
代理 agency
本人 principal
被代理人
principal
受托人 trustee
代理人 agent
本代理人 original
agent
法定代理人
statutory agent;
legal agent
委托代理人agent
by mandate
指定代理人
designated agent
复代理人 subagent
再代理人 subagent
转代理人 subagent
代理权right of
agency
授权行为act of
authorization
授权委托书power
of attorney
代理行为act of
agency
委托代理 agency by
mandate
本代理original
agency
复代理 subagency
次代理 subagency
有权代理
authorized agency 表见代理 agency by estoppel; apparent agency
律师代理 agency by lawyer
普通代理general agency
全权代理general agency
全权代理委托书general power of attorney
共同代理joint agency
独家代理sole agency
居间 brokerage
居间人 broker
行纪commission; broker house
信托 trust 时效time limit;
prescription;
limitation
时效中止
suspension of
prescription/limi
tation
时效中断
interruption of
limitation/prescr
iption
时效延长
extension of
limitation
取得时效
acquisitive
prescription
时效终止 lapse of
time; termination
of prescription
期日 date
期间 term
涉外民事关系
civil relations
with foreign
elements
冲突规范rule of
conflict
准据法 applicable
law; governing law
反致renvoi;
remission
转致 transmission
识别
identification
公共秩序保留
reserve of public
order
法律规避evasion
of law
国籍 nationality
国有化
nationalization
法律责任legal liability
民事责任civil liability/respons ibility
行政责任administrative liability/respons ibility
刑事责任 criminal liability/respons ibility
违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default
有限责任limited liability
无限责任unlimited
liability 按份责任
shared/several
liability
连带责任 joint and
several liability
过失责任
liability for
negligence;
negligent
liability
过错责任fault
liability;
liability for
fault
单独过错sole
fault
共同过错joint
fault
混合过错mixed
fault
被害人过错
victim’s fault
第三人过错third
party’s fault
推定过错
presumptive fault
恶意bad faith;
malice
故意deliberate
intention;
intention;
willfulness
过失 negligence
重大过失gross
negligence
疏忽大意的过失
careless and
inadvertent
negligence
过于自信的过失
negligence with
undue assumption
损害事实 facts of
damage
有形损失 tangible damage/loss
无形损失intangible damage/loss
财产损失 property damage/loss
人身损失 personal damage/loss
精神损失spiritual
damage/loss
民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability
停止侵害 cease the infringing act
排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle
消除危险elimination of
danger
返还财产
restitution of
property
恢复原状
restitution;
restitution of
original state
赔偿损失
compensate for a
loss; indemnify
for a loss
支付违约金
payment of
liquidated damage
消除影响
eliminate ill
effects
恢复名誉
rehabilitate one’
s reputation
赔礼道歉 extend a
formal apology
物权jus ad rem;
right in rem; real
right
物权制度real
right system;
right in rem system
一物一权原则the
principal of One
thing, One Right
物权法定主义
principal of
legality of right
in rem
物权公示原则
principal of
public summons of
right in rem
物权法 jus rerem
物 property
生产资料raw material for production
生活资料 means of livelihood; means of subsistence
流通物res in commercium; a thing in commerce 限制流通物limited merchantable thing 禁止流通物res extra commercium;
a thing out of commerce
资产 asset
固定资产fixed asset
流动资产current asset; floating asset 动产movables;
chattel
不动产 immovable;
real estate
特定物 res certae;
a certain thing
种类物genus;
indefinite thing
可分物res
divisibiles;
divisible things
不可分物res
indivisibiles;
indivisible things
主物 res capitalis;
a principal thing
从物res
accessoria; an
accessory thing
原物original
thing
孳息 fruits
天然孳息natural
fruits
法定孳息legal
fruits
无主物bona
vacatia; vacant
goods; ownerless
goods
遗失物lost
property
漂流物drifting
object
埋藏物fortuna;
hidden property
货币 currency
证券 securities
债券 bond
物权分类
classification of
right in rem/real
right
自物权jus in re
propria; right of full ownership
所有权dominium; ownership; title
所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership 占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership
使用权right of use; right to use of
收益权right to earnings; right to yields
处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi
善意占有possession in good faith 恶意占有
malicious
possession
按份共有several
possession
共同共有joint
possession
他物权jus in re
aliena
用益物权real
right for usufruct
使用权right to
use; right of use
土地使用权right
to the use of land
林权forest
ownership
采矿权mining
ownership
经营权 managerial
authority; power
of management
承包经营权right
to contracted
management
相邻权
neighboring right;
relatedright
地上权
superficies
永佃权jus
emphyteuticum;
right to landed
estate granted in
perpetuity through
a contract
地役权 servitude;
easement
人役权servitus
personarum;
personal servitude
担保物权real
right for security
物的担保 security
for thing
物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing 抵押权 hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage 抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage
抵押人 mortgagor
抵押权人mortgagee
抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage
抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage
抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage 抵押权的抛弃
abandonment of
right to mortgage
抵押权的让及
alienation of
right to mortgage
抵押权的实现
materialization of
right to mortgage
抵押权的消灭
extinction of
right to
mortgageregistrat
ion of estate under
mortgage
抵押物登记
registration of
estate under
mortgage
抵押优先权
priority of
mortgage
留置权 lien
一般留置权
general lien
特别留置权
special lien
质权hypotheque;
pledge; right of
pledge
佃权 tenant right
债权jus in
personam; right to
give or procure;
claim; creditor’s
right
债权人 creditor
债务人 debtor
相对人
counterpart;
offeree
给付 give; pay
债务debt;
liability; obligation
债务的偿还payment of debt
债务的偿清discharge of debt 债务的担保guarantee of debt 债务的合并consolidation of debt
债务的给付日期debt maturity
债务的免除exemption of debt 债的分类obligatio; obligation
法定之债legal obligation
任意之债voluntary obligation
简单之债simple
obligation
选择之债
alternative
obligation
主债
prime/principal
obligation
从债accessory
obligation
单一之债single
obligation
按份之债several
obligation
连带之债joint
obligation
特定之债certain
obligation
种类之债
indefinite
obligation
合同之债
contractual
obligation
侵权行为之债 tort
obligation
损害赔偿之债
obligation of
compensation for
injury; obligation
of damages
人身损害 damage to
person
精神损害
moral/mental/spir
itual damage
医药费hospital
treatment expense
医疗费medical
charge
抚恤金 pension
慰问金
consolation money
产品瑕疵 defect of product
不当得利unjust enrichment
无因管理voluntary service 债的担保guarantee of obligation
财产担保 property guarantee
信用担保credit guarantee
让及担保alienation guarantee
保证 guaranty
明示保证express guaranty
默示保证implied guaranty
保证人 guarantor 保证合同 contract
of
guaranty/suretysh
ip
保证金guaranty
bond; security
deposit
押金deposit;
foregift
预付款advanced
payment
定金 earnest money;
deposit
违约金 liquidated
damages
法定违约金
liquidated damages
by law
约定违约金
liquidated damages
by agreement
债的履行
performance of
obligation
实际履行原则
doctrine of
specific
performance
情事变更原则
doctrine of change
of circumstances
不当履行
misfeasance
清偿discharge;
satisfaction
提存debtor’s
submission of the
subject matter of
obligation to
competent
authority
抵销 setoff
知识产权
intellectual property
知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property
国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment 优先权原则 a right of priority doctrine
自动保护原则doctrine of automatic protection
特许权使用费royalties
智力成果intellectual property 著作权 copyright
版权 copyright
著作权人
copyright owner
创作 creation
作品 opus; product;
work
著作人格权right
of personality of
copyright
发表权right of
publication
署名权right of
authorship; right
of paternity
修改权right of
modification;
right of revision
完整性保持权
right to maintain
integrity
不可侵犯权
inviolability
收回权right of
recall; right of
retrieval
自费出版 publish a
book at the author’
s own expense
著作财产权
property right in
work
使用收益分享权
right to share
usufruct
利用权right to
make use of
获得报酬权right
to get payment
重播权right of
rebroadcasting
录制权right of
fixation
机械复制权right
of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction
著作邻接权neighboring right of copyright
剽窃plagiary; plagiarism
盗版 pirate
盗版VCD pirated VCD
伪造 forge
工业产权industrial property
专利权patent right
优先权日 priority date
申请在先原则prior application rule
使用在先 priority
of use
新颖性 novelty
创造性 creativity
实用性
practicability
发明创造
invention and
creation
实用新型utility
model
外观设计design;
industrial design
发明权right of
invention
发现权right of
discovery
专利申请patent
application
专利异议
objection to a
patent
专利公告patent
gazette
专利续展费
renewal fee of
patent
专利许可协议
patent licensing
agreement
技术诀窍 know-how
专有技术 know-how
专利证书
certificate of
patent
专利事务所 patent
office
专利代理patent
agency
中华人民共和国专
利局 Patent Office
of the People’s
Republic of China
商标权trademark right
商标国际注册international registration of trademark
商品商标commodity trademark
服务商标service trademark
驰名商标reputed trademark
广告商标advertisement trademark
近似商标similar trademark
商标评审委员会trade review and appraisal board
商标审查trademark
examination
商标侵权
trademark
infringement
商标注册
registered
trademark
商标公告
trademark gazette
注册商标使用许可
licensing of
registered
trademark
注册商标转让
assignment of
registered
trademark
商标使用许可协议
trademark
licensing
agreement
商标事务所
trademark office
商标代理
trademark agency
婚姻、家庭、继承、
收养marriage,
family,
inheritance,
adoption
婚姻法 marital law;
marriage law
包办婚姻 arranged
marriage
财产分割
partition;
dismemberment of
property
重婚 bigamy
独生子女only
child
法律婚legal
marriage
非婚生子女illegitimate child 夫妻共同财产community property 夫妻关系 conjugal relationship
夫妻分居 divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board
复婚 resumption of marriage
感情破裂incompatibility
婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties
婚姻登记 marriage registration
婚生子女ligitimate child
计划生育birth
control
结婚 marry
离婚 divorce
买卖婚姻
mercenary marriage
拟制血亲blood
relations in
fiction of law
旁系血亲
collateral
relation blood
relation
涉外婚姻 marriage
with foreign
elements
配偶 spouse
事实婚de facto
marriage
诉讼离婚divorce
by litigation
探视权 visitation
right
同居 cohabitation
晚婚 late marriage
无效婚姻void
marriage
协议离婚divorce
by agreement
一夫一妻制
monogamy
早婚early
marriage
直系血亲lineal
descent
自然血亲natural
blood relation
收养法adoption
law
收养协议 adoption
agreement
收养人adoptive
parent
送养人person or institution placing out a child for adoption
涉外收养 adoption with foreign elements
继承法inheritance law; law of succession 法定继承legal seccession
遗嘱继承intestate succession
遗赠继承succession by devise
自然继承natural succession
代位继承representation; succession by
subrogation
世袭继承
hereditary
succession
间接继承 indirect
succession
转继承
subsuccession
共同继承joint
succession
单独继承single
succession
继承人heir;
successor
第二顺序继承人
successor second
in order
第一顺序继承人
successor first in
order
继承参及人
succession
participant
遗产inheritance;
heritage
遗产继承人 heir to
property;
inheritor
遗言 last will and
testament
遗书 last words
遗赠bequest;
legacy; devise
遗赠抚养协议
legacy-support
agreement
会计法 accounting
law
税法tax law;
taxation law
反不正当竞争法
anti-unfair
一、律师部分 案件受理费court acceptance fee 案情重大、复杂important and complicated case 案由cause of action 案子case 包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits 被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件) 被上诉人appellee ?p??li: 被诉人respondent; defendant 本案律师councel pro hac vice 本地律师local counsel 毕业证diploma; graduation certificate 辩护词defense; pleadings 辩护律师defense lawyer 辩护要点point of defense 辩护意见submission 财产租赁property tenancy 裁定书order; ruling; determination(指终审裁定) 裁决书award(用于仲裁) 裁决书verdict(用于陪审团) 采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence 草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests 查阅法条source legal provisions 产权转让conveyancing 出差go on errand; go on a business trip 出国深造further study abroad 出具律师意见书providing legal opinion 出示的证据exhibit 出庭appear in court 传票summons; subpoena 答辩状answer; reply 代理词representation 代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate 代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations 代理仲裁agency for arbitration 代写文书drafting of legal instruments 待决案件pending case 当事人陈述statement of the parties 第三人third party 吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license 调查笔录investigative record 调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence 调解mediation 调解书mediation 二审案件case of trial of second instance 发送电子邮件send e-mail 法律顾问legal consultants 法律意见书legal opinions 法律援助legal aid 法律咨询legal counseling 法庭division; tribunal 法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws) 法学会law society 法学课程legal courses 法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws) 法学系faculty of law; department of law 法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws) J.D ( juris doctor缩写,美国法学学士) 法学院law school 法院公告court announcement 反诉状counterclaim 房地产律师real estate lawyer; real property lawyer 非合伙律师associate lawyer 非诉讼业务non-litigation practice 高级合伙人senior partner 高级律师senior lawyer 各类协议和合同agreements and contracts 公安局Public Security Bureau 公司上市company listing 公诉案件public-prosecuting case 公证书notarial certificate 国办律师事务所state-run law office 国际贸易international trade 国际诉讼international litigation 国内诉讼domestic litigation 合伙律师partner lawyer 合伙制律师事务所law office in partner-ship; cooperating law office 合同审查、草拟、修改contract review, drafting and revision 会见当事人interview a client 会见犯罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect 兼职律师part-time lawyer 监狱prison; jail 鉴定结论expert conclusion 缴纳会费membership dues 举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi 决定书decision
一、律师部分 案件受理费 court acceptance fee 案情重大、复杂 important and complicated case 案由 cause of action 案子 case 包揽诉讼 monopolize lawsuits 被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件) 被诉人 respondent; defendant 本地律师 local counsel 毕业证 diploma; graduation certificate 辩护词 defense; pleadings 辩护律师 defense lawyer 辩护要点 point of defense 辩护意见 submission 财产租赁 property tenancy 裁定书 order; ruling; determination(指终审裁定) 裁决书 award(用于仲裁) 裁决书 verdict(用于陪审团) 采信的证据 admitted evidence; established evidence 草拟股权转让协议 drafting agreement of assignment of equityinterests 查阅法条 source legal provisions 出差 go on errand; go on a business trip
出具律师意见书 providing legal opinion 出示的证据 exhibit 出庭 appear in court 传票 summons; subpoena 答辩状 answer; reply 代理词 representation 代理房地产买卖与转让 agency for sale and transfer of real estate 代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization,trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate andincorporations 代理仲裁 agency for arbitration 代写文书 drafting of legal instruments 待决案件pending case 当事人陈述 statement of the parties 第三人 third party 吊销执业证 revocation of lawyer license 调查笔录investigative record 调查取证 investigation and gathering for evidence 调解 mediation 调解书 mediation 二审案件 case of trial of second instance 发送电子邮件 send e-mail 法律顾问legal consultants 法律意见书 legal opinions
法律英语实用单词讲解 accord释义:accord在普通英语中的含义是符合,一致,在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议,指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。如reach an accord达成和解协议,accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。 acquire释义:acquire在普通英语中的含义是获得,获取,而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买,收购,我们通常所说的M&A,即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger 的缩写。如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。 act释义:act在普通英语中的含义是行动,行为,在法律英语中通常理解为作为,与不作为forbear 相对应。如:Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from action释义:act在普通英语中的含义是行动,在法律英语中则理解为诉讼,相当于suit或lawsuit,如initiate an action提起诉讼,win an action在诉讼中获胜,defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。 adopt释义:adopt的最常见含义是采用,通过,如adopt a law通过一项法律,adopt a proposal 采纳一个建议等,这种用法在法律英语中也较为常见。另外,adopt在法律英语中可能会用到一个含义是收养,如adopt an orphan according to law根据法律规定收养孤儿。 admission释义:admission是admit的名词,在普通英语中的含义是承认或接纳。在法律英语中,则通常是法律程序中的一个用语,意思是采纳,采信(证据),如The defendant challenged the admission of the evidence by the court on the ground that the evidence was irrelevant.被告以证据没有相关性为由反对法院对其予以采信。 affect释义:affect是普通英语中最常见最普通的单词之一,意思是影响,通常用在口语和非正式的场合中。但在法律英语,affect(本义没有改变,仍然是影响),确实非常正式的用法,通常不能用influence 等单词替换。如The failure of either party at any time or times to require performance of any provision hereof shall in no manner affect its right at a later time to enforce the same.任何一方在任何时候未要求另一方履行本协议任一条款,并在不影响其以后强制执行该条款的权利。 affiliate释义:affiliate是法律英语的常见单词之一,意思是关联方,关联公司,也可以associate或connected person表示。如“Affiliate” means any person or company that directly or indirectly controls a Party or is directly or indirectly controlled by a Party,including a Party's parent or subsidiary, or is under direct or indirect common control with such Party.“关联公司”指直接或间接控制一方(包括其母公司或子公司)或受一方直接或间接控制,或与该方共同受直接或间接控制的任何人或公司。 agent释义:agent也是法律英语中常见单词之一,意思是代理人,代理商,通常指商业代理,如果指非商业性质的代理,如替别人出席会议等,则可用proxy。 例句:Nothing in this Agreement or in the performance of any of its provisions is intended or shall be construed to constitute either party an agent, 1egal representative, subsidiary,joint venturer,partner,employer,or employee of the other for any purpose whatsoever. 参考译文:本协议的任何内容或本协议任何条款的履行,无意表示、亦不应被理解为任何一方为任何目的可以充当另一方的代理人、法定代表、子公司、合营方、合作伙伴、雇主或雇员。
法律英语词汇大全完美 版 文档编制序号:[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]
法律渊源s o u r c e o f l a w 制定法 statute 判例法 case law; precedent 普通法 common law 特别法 special law 固有法 native law; indigenous law 继受法 adopted law 实体法 substantial law 程序法 procedural law 原则法 fundamental law 例外法 exception law 司法解释 judicial interpretation 习惯法 customary law 公序良俗 public order and moral 自然法 natural law 罗马法 Roman Law 私法 private law 公法 public law 市民法 jus civile 万民法 jus gentium 民法法系 civil law system 英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系 civil law system 普通法 common law 大陆法 continental law 罗马法系 Roman law system 衡平法 equity; law of equity 日尔曼法 Germantic law 教会法 ecclesiastical law 寺院法 canon law 伊斯兰法 Islamic law 民法法律规范 norm of civil law 授权规范 authorization norm 禁止规范 forbidding norm 义务性规范 obligatory norm 命令性规范 commanding norm 民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则 principle of equality 自愿原则 principle of free will 公平原则 principle of justice 等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则 principle of good faith 行为 act 作为 ac 不作为 omission 合法行为 lawful act 违法行为 unlawful act 民事权利权利能力 civil right 绝对权 absolute right 相对权 relative right 优先权 right of priority 先买权 preemption 原权 antecedent right 救济权 right of relief 支配权 right of dominion 请求权 right of claim 物上请求权 right of claim for real thing 形成权 right of formation 撤销权 right of claiming cancellation
一、 action 诉讼 to bring an action/lawsuit against sb. 向某人提起诉讼,到法院告某人 defendant 被告 appellant 上诉人 appellee 被上诉人 cause of action 案由 transaction 交易 to join sb. as plaintiff/defendant 与某人共同起诉、把某人作为第三人被告合并起诉to make a complete determination of a controversy彻底解决争端 to be liable 负有责任 to rest on 依靠,依赖 adversary 敌手,对手;敌对的 adversary system 抗辩制 advocate 用户,提倡;拥护者,辩护者 produce 拿出,出示 evidence 证据 inquisitorial 纠问的 civil law tradition 大陆法传统 presentation 介绍,陈述 intervene 干涉,介入 safeguard 预防措施,保证条款;保护 prevalence 流行,盛行 manifold 多种多样的 contest 比赛 interested 有利害关系的 resolution 解决 to bear the burden of 承担 to reduce... to 把.....降为,把......归纳为 unbiased 无偏见的 satisfy 满足,符合 critic 批评者 merit 事实真相,是非曲直 phase 阶段 reside 属于,归于 affirmative 肯定的,积极的 join 合并 to be liable to sb. for sth. 因某事对某人负有责任 to rest on 依靠 to reside in/with 属于 二、 allege 声称 allegation 声称 injury 伤害
法律英语常用词汇大全
法律英语常用词汇大全 一、律师部分 案件受理费court acceptance fee 案情重大、复杂important and complicated case 案由cause of action 案子case 包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits 被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件) 被上诉人appellee 被诉人respondent; defendant 本案律师councel pro hac vice 本地律师local counsel 毕业证diploma; graduation certificate 辩护词defense; pleadings 辩护律师defense lawyer 辩护要点point of defense 辩护意见submission 财产租赁property tenancy 裁定书order; ruling; determination(指终审裁定) 裁决书award(用于仲裁) 裁决书verdict(用于陪审团) 采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence 草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests 查阅法条source legal provisions 产权转让conveyancing 出差go on errand; go on a business trip 出国深造further study abroad 出具律师意见书providing legal opinion 出示的证据exhibit 出庭appear in court 传票summons; subpoena 答辩状answer; reply 代理词representation 代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate
法律渊源s o u r c e o f l a w 制定法 statute 判例法 case law; precedent 普通法 common law 特别法 special law 固有法 native law; indigenous law 继受法 adopted law 实体法 substantial law 程序法 procedural law 原则法 fundamental law 例外法 exception law 司法解释 judicial interpretation 习惯法 customary law 公序良俗 public order and moral 自然法 natural law 罗马法 Roman Law 私法 private law 公法 public law 市民法 jus civile 万民法 jus gentium 民法法系 civil law system 英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系 civil law system 普通法 common law 大陆法 continental law 罗马法系 Roman law system 衡平法 equity; law of equity 日尔曼法 Germantic law 教会法 ecclesiastical law 寺院法 canon law 伊斯兰法 Islamic law 民法法律规范 norm of civil law 授权规范 authorization norm 禁止规范 forbidding norm 义务性规范 obligatory norm 命令性规范 commanding norm 民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则 principle of equality 自愿原则 principle of free will 公平原则 principle of justice 等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange
法律英语词汇的特点及其翻译 Ξ 李 丽 (三峡大学外国语学院教师 香港中文大学翻译系博士生 香港沙田) 摘 要 法律文件的英汉翻译在中国发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文从四个方面归纳法律英语词汇的特点,即专业性、正式性、客观性及准确性,并进一步探讨具体的法律词汇翻译的方法和对策。关键词 法律翻译 法律词汇特点 翻译方法 翻译策略 Abstract Translation of legal documents is now playing an ever -increasing role in China.This paper first surveys four primary characteristics of legal vocabulary ,namely ,professionalism ,formalism ,objectivity and exactitude ,followed by a presentation and discussion of s pecific strategies and methods of translating legal vo 2cabulary between English and Chinese. K ey Words Legal translation characteristics of legal vocabulary translation methods translation strate 2gies 随着中国加入WTO ,世界经济一体化,中国与世界的交往和联系越来越多。法律文件的翻译将会在社会生活中扮演很重要的角色。要做好法律文件的英汉翻译,我们必须了解法律英语的一些特点。所谓法律英语,“是指法律界通用的书面英语(包括法律、法规、条例、规章、协定、判定和裁定等),尤其是指律师起草法律文件(合同、章程、协议、契约等)惯常使用的语 言。”[1] 法律英语在词汇、句式等方面都有它自己的特点。本文尝试归纳出法律英语在词汇方面的四大特点,并进而探讨一些具体的翻译方法和策略。1 专业性 “法律语言部分地是由具有特定法律意义的词组成,部分地是由日常用语组成。具有特定法律意义的词,在日常用语中即使有也很少 使用,如预谋、过失、非法侵害等。”[2] 除了具有特定法律意义的词之外,很多在日常生活中普遍应用的词汇,一旦到了法律文本中,便具有了区别于日常意义的法律意义。这也就是我们常 说的法律词汇的“专业性”。下表列举部分英语单词的普通意义和法律意义: 英语单词 日常意义法律意义adverse 相反的非法的battery 电池伤害、人身攻击condemn 谴责判刑、定罪declaration 声明、宣言申诉书exhibit 展出物证hear 听见听审immunity 免疫力豁免权leave 离开休庭proceed 进行起诉report 报告揭发sentence 句子判决undo 解开勾引、诱奸vacation 假期休庭期warrant 保证拘捕令 除了这些普通词汇所具有的专业意义之外,法律英语中还保留了一些外来词和旧体词,这也是法律词汇专业性的一个体现和标记。 外来词:现代法律词汇中保留一些来自拉文的词汇,如: ad hoc 专门地bona fide 真诚地 de facto 事实上的inter alia 除了别的因素以外in re 关于 mutatis mutandis 已作了必要的修订pari passu 按相同比例per se 自身pro bono 为了公益pro rata 按比例 第18卷3期2005年8月 中国科技翻译CHIN ESE SCIENCE &TECHNOLO GY TRANSLATORS JOURNAL Vol.18.No.3 Aug.2005 收稿日期:2005—03—09/14
法律英语词汇表(一) 法律英语词汇表,绝非原创,转自葵花论坛(yuan-ge) 本词汇表来自何家弘的法律英语教材,是由葵花论坛的同学们整理录入,提供给大家共享。 A absolute proof 绝对证明 absolute property 绝对财产(权) abstract of title 产权书摘要 acceleration clause 提前(偿还)条款 acceptance 承诺 accident report 事故报告 accident insurance 意外保险 accusation 指控;控告 accusatorial procedure 控告程序 accusatorial process of proof 控告证明过程(程序) accusatorial system 控告或诉讼程序 accused 被指控者 accuser 控告人 acknowledgement 认知(书) acquittal 无罪判决 act 条例;作为 Act for the prevention of Frauds and Perjuries 《预防诈欺和伪证条例》 action 诉讼;作为 actual losses 实际损失 adjudication 裁决;裁定 administrative law 行政法 administrative law judge 行政法法官 administrative procedure 行政程序 administrator 管理人;监管人 admissible 可采的 admissibility 可采性 admit 采用;允许 adoption 收养 adulterous conduct 通奸行为 ad valorem property tax 从价财产税 adversarial hearing 对抗式听证会 adversarial process 对抗式程序 adversary 对手 adversary trial system 对抗式(或抗辩)审判制度 advocacy 出庭辩护;诉讼代理 advocate 辩护人;诉讼代理人 affidavit 正式书面陈述 affirm 维持(原判)
法律渊源source of law 制定法statute 判例法case law; precedent 普通法common law 特别法special law 固有法native law; indigenous law 继受法adopted law 实体法substantial law 程序法procedural law 原则法fundamental law 例外法exception law 司法解释judicial interpretation 习惯法customary law 公序良俗public order and moral 自然法natural law 罗马法Roman Law 私法private law 公法public law 市民法jus civile 万民法jus gentium 民法法系civil law system 英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system 普通法common law 大陆法continental law 罗马法系Roman law system 衡平法equity; law of equity 日尔曼法Germantic law 教会法ecclesiastical law 寺院法canon law 伊斯兰法Islamic law 民法法律规范norm of civil law 授权规范authorization norm 禁止规范forbidding norm 义务性规范obligatory norm 命令性规范commanding norm 民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality 自愿原则principle of free will 公平原则principle of justice 等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange
常用法律英语词汇 Ab initio 从开始形容事件由开始时的状态,例如合约从开始便已经无效,称为“The contract was void ab initio”。 Accused 被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告,民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant;而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent(答辩人)。 Acquittal 罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后,被告罪名不成立被释放,称为“The accused is acquitted”。Acquittal是名词。 Adjourn 休庭,押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟,称为“adjourned for 30 minutes”。如要将聆讯押后再排期重审,称为“adjourned to a date to be fixed”。 Affidavit 誓章以宗教仪式发誓后签署的书面证供称为Affidavit,而以真诚发誓所签署的证供称为Affirmation,两者的格式用词有些分别,但主要作用相同。 Allegation 声称诉讼陈词中未经证实的声言,例如:The Plaintiff alleged that his loss was due to the Defendant’s breach of contract,原告声称他的损失是被告违约所引致。Allegation是名词。Assault 殴打,侵犯以武力侵犯他人的行为,称为Assault,一般性质的殴打,称为“Common Assault”;严重者称为Aggravated Assault;未经许可触摸他人身体,可以被控非礼,称为Indecent Assault。As is 现状“As is”常用于物业买卖的合约中,指物业的现状。“The prop erty is and will be sold on an “as is” basis …”即物业将会以其现状出售。 Bail 保释刑事案中的疑犯或被告,可以暂时被释放。保释可以是有条件的,也可以是无条件的。保释的条件包括缴交指定金额的保释金、提供人事担保及定时向警署报到等。 Balance of Probabilities 可能性较高者这是民事案件中举证的标准,法庭对原告和被告所提出的证据,认为那一方的可信性较高,便会判处该方胜诉。相对刑事案而言,民事案中败诉的后果一般都只是经济利益,所以法庭对举证的要求,相对也较刑事案为低。 Beyond reasonable doubt无合理疑点这是刑事案件中举证的标准,控方向法庭提出的证据,必须是在合理的情况下并无疑点,法庭才会判处被告有罪。刑事罪的后果对被告而言,较为严重,举证标准的要求也因此而较民事案严格,如果法庭认为证据有任何疑点,都会将疑点的利益“benefit of doubt”归于被告。 Binding 有约束力的“binding”通常的解释是连结一起,但法律上则多用作有约束力的,例如:This provisional agreement is a binding contract。这份临时协议是有法律约束力的。 Body Corporation
法律英语专业词汇大全 一、律师部分案件受理费court acceptance fee 案情重大、复杂important and complicated case 案由cause of action 案子case 包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits 被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件) 被诉人respondent; defendant 本地律师local counsel 毕业证diploma; graduation certificate 辩护词defense; pleadings 辩护律师defense lawyer 辩护要点point of defense 辩护意见submission 财产租赁property tenancy 裁定书order; ruling; determination(指终审裁定)裁决书award(用于仲裁)裁决书verdict(用于陪审团)采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence 草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equityinterests 查阅法条source legal provisions 出差go on errand; go on a business trip 出国深造further study abroad 出具律师意见书providing legal opinion 出示的证据exhibit 出庭appear in court 传票summons; subpoena 答辩状answer; reply 代理词representation 代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate 代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization,trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate andincorporations 代理仲裁agency for arbitration 代写文书drafting of legal instruments 待决案件pending case 当事人陈述statement of the parties 第三人third party 吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license 调查笔录investigative record 调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence 调解mediation 调解书mediation 二审案件case of trial of second instance 发送电子邮件send e-mail 法律顾问
t h e i e 法律英语 法律渊源 source of law 制定法 statute 判例法 case law; precedent 普通法 common law 特别法 special law 固有法 native law; indigenous law 继受法 adopted law 实体法 substantial law 程序法 procedural law 原则法 fundamental law 例外法 exception law 司法解释 judicial interpretation 习惯法 customary law 公序良俗 public order and moral 自然法 natural law 罗马法 Roman Law 私法 private law 公法 public law 市民法 jus civile 万民法 jus gentium 民法法系 civil law system 英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系 civil law system 普通法 common law 大陆法 continental law 罗马法系 Roman law system 衡平法 equity; law of equity 日尔曼法 Germantic law 教会法 ecclesiastical law 寺院法 canon law 伊斯兰法 Islamic law 民法法律规范 norm of civil law 授权规范 authorization norm 禁止规范 forbidding norm 义务性规范 obligatory norm 命令性规范 commanding norm 民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则 principle of equality 自愿原则 principle of free will 公平原则 principle of justice 等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange
法律英语高频词汇 发回重审 remand a lawsuit for a new trial 发货人 consignor, shipper 发生法律效力 be legally effective 发现 discovery 发行审核委员会 the Issuance Examination Commission 发展规划 development plan 罚款 Fin 法案 bill 法定部门 statutory machinery 法定代表律师 Official Solicitor 法定代表人 legal representative 法定代理人 legal agent 法定继承 legal inheritance 法定继承人 legal heir 法定监护人 legal guardian 法定期限 time limit provided by law 法定义务 legal duty 法定语言 legal language 法定主管当局 statuory authority
法官法 judges law 法官考评委员会 committee for the examination and appraisal of judges 法规 laws and regulations 法纪 Law and Discipline 法纪监督 supervision over legal discipline 法理背景 jurisprudential background 法理背景 jurisprudential base 法理学 jurisprudence 法令 decree 法律程序文件 written process 法律冲突 conflict of laws 法律服务所 Legal Service Office 法律概念 legal concept 法律顾问处 Legal Consultant Office 法律后果 legal effect 法律解释权 power of law interpretation 法律面前人人平等 equality before the law 合法的 legitimate 法律上的财产处分 legal disposition of property
考研改变命运法律渊源source of law 制定法statute 判例法case law;precedent 普通法common law 特别法special law 固有法native law;indigenous law 继受法adopted law 实体法substantial law 程序法procedural law 原则法fundamental law 例外法exception law 司法解释judicial interpretation 习惯法customary law 公序良俗public order and moral 自然法natural law 罗马法Roman Law 私法private law 公法public law 市民法jus civile 万民法jus gentium 民法法系civil law system 英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system 普通法common law 大陆法continental law 罗马法系Roman law system 衡平法equity;law of equity 日尔曼法Germantic law 教会法ecclesiastical law 寺院法canon law 伊斯兰法Islamic law 民法法律规范norm of civil law 授权规范authorization norm 禁止规范forbidding norm 义务性规范obligatory norm 命令性规范commanding norm 民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality 自愿原则principle of free will 公平原则principle of justice