外研版英语八年级下册Module 8语法要点总结
Module 8 Time off
I.词汇短语(课本词汇)
II.语句精讲（北大绿卡）
1.I can’t hardly believe we’re in the city center.
我简直不能相信我们是市中心。
hardly adv. 几乎不；几乎没
There is hardly any food in the fridge. 冰箱里面没有什么吃的了。
The seats are hard and uncomfortable. 这些座位又硬又不舒服。
This problem is not hard. 这道题不难。
We should study hard. 我们应该努力学习。
2.The lake takes up over half of the park area. 湖占据了这个公园一半多的面积。take up 占去（时间或空间）
The big box took up two seats. 那个大盒子占了两个座位。
The homework takes up all his time. 家庭作业占用了他的所有时间。
【注意】
take up 与tidy up 一样，也是由“动词+副词”构成的短语，当它的宾语是代词时，必修放在两词之间。
The computer is not yours. You shouldn’t take it up.
这台电脑不是你的。你不应该占用它。
3.Then I can point out the sights of Beijing for you.
然后我可以为你们指出北京的景点。
Point out 指出；指明
Thank you for pointing out my mistakes. 谢谢你指出我的错误。
【注意】
Point out 是“动词+副词”型短语，其宾语可以是名词、代词或that从句。代词做其宾语时，要放在point 和out 之间。
4.I think It’s better to have our picnic at the top of the hill.
我想到山顶吃我们的野餐比较好。
at the top of ... 在......的顶端
There is a man standing at the top of the hill.
有个人正站在小山的顶部。
【辨析】
at the top of... 与on the top of...
at the top of...在顶部这个范围之内；on the top of...在顶部的表面。
There is a bell at the top of the tower. 塔顶有一个钟。
The man is standing on (the) top of the house. 那个男人正站在屋顶上。
5.Let’s not waste any more time.
我们不要再浪费时间了。
Waste v. 浪费；滥用
We shouldn’t waste our time. 我们不应当浪费我们的时间。
【注意】
Waste 后接名词或代词做宾语。当表示人在某人\物\事上浪费时间（金钱、经历、话语）等时，其宾语后常接“on + n.”或“（in+）动名词”。
I’m not going to waste any more words on the subject. 在这个问题上我不想多费口舌了。
6.It woke everybody up.
每个人都被吵醒了。
Wake sb. Up 唤醒某人
Wake me up at seven o’clock tomorrow morning, will you?
明天早晨七点钟叫醒我，好吗？
【注意】
Wake up 中的up 是副词，所以当代词做宾语时，代词要放在两者中间。Don’t wake him up. He stayed up late last night.
别叫醒他。他昨晚熬夜了。
III.语法要点（学科网）
that引导的宾语从句
从本模块起，我们开始学习宾语从句。那么什么是宾语从句呢？我们在第六模块复习了简单句的几种基本句型，其中有一种句型是“主语+谓语+宾语”的结构。
我们知道，名词、代词、动词的-ing形式或to do形式都可以作宾语，例如buy a book 名词，beat him代词，stop doing sth.动词的-ing形式，want to do sth.to do形式等。这些例子中的宾语是用一个单词或短语来表达的。
但是，当要用英语表达“我知道你昨天去看电影了”时，我们就无法在know后用一个单词表达出“你昨天去看电影了”这个意思。“你昨天去看电影了”这个结构中包含行为本身、行为的发出者和行为的承受者，是一个完整的句子，因此只能用句子表达。
这种放在动词后面作宾语的句子，我们称为“宾语从句”。
宾语从句可以分为三类：
一类是that引导的宾语从句；
一类是whether ∕ if引导的宾语从句；
还有一类是疑问词引导的宾语从句。
在本模块我们学习that 引导的宾语从句。
that 是宾语从句的一个引导词，放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，故从句的语序不变。
在that 引导的宾语从句中，that 作连接代词，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。
当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如“希望”“相信”“知道”或“说”时，其后面的句子一般用that引导。
That没有任何词汇意义，只有语法功能，目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是作前面动词的宾语的，多数情况下that可以省略。
例如：
I hope (that) it will snow this winter.我希望今年冬天会下雪。
I believe (that) we shall become good friends.我相信我们会成为好朋友。
Betty thinks (that) trees can improve the air.贝蒂认为树可以改善空气质量。
有一点要提醒同学们注意：并非所有的动词后面都可以接that引导的宾语从句。常接that引导宾语从句的谓语动词有：believe，expect，explain，feel，hear，hope，imagine，prefer，promise，report，say，see，tell，think，understand，warn，wish等。
当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；
主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。
试比较：
He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible.
他说他想尽快见到他。
He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible.
他说他想尽快见到他。
注意：
当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句的内容表示的是
等时，此时宾语从句用一般现在时，这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。
如：
The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.
老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。
一、单项填空
1. —What did your teacher say this morning?
—She told us ________.
A. why was Tom late for school again
B. whether we had too much homework
C. how she did come to school this morning
D. that we would have a test soon
2. －Have you ever seen the movie 2012?
－Yes, but I don’t believe ______ the year 2012 will see the end of the w orld.
A.that
B. what
C. how
D. if
3.Our physics teacher told us light _______ faster than sound.
A. travels
B. traveled
C. traveling
D. to travel
4.I know__________ he is a teacher.
A.where
B.how
C.that
D.why
5.Don’t lose your heart. I believe__________ you can finish the work by yourself.
A./
B.that
C.which
D.if
6.I think__________ we can be good friends.
A.that
B.what
C.which
D.if
7.She said__________ he would go to the hospital.
A./
B.what
C.which
D.if
A.where
B.what
C.when
D.that
9.We consider it an honor__________ we can have the pleasure of serving you.
A.that
B.how
C.why
D./
10.— Do you know ________?
— Let me see. I remember it was on March 18th.
A. why did they move here
B. why they moved here
C. when did they move here
D. when they moved here
11. — What did your father say to you just now?
— He asked me _______.
A. that I would like to see a movie
B. where I will spend my holiday
C. if I enjoyed myself at the party
D. when did I attend the graduation part
12. — What did your father say to you just now?
— He asked me _______.
A. that I would like to see a movie
B. where I will spend my holiday
C. if I enjoyed myself at the party
D. when did I attend the graduation part
13. — I wonder _____.
— Yes, of course.
A. where we can buy the parts
B. how often you hear form your sister
C. if I may have a word with you
D. why he arrived late yesterday
14.This morning my mother asked me _____.
A. why he is not here
B. where Julia went last weekend
C. what time is it
D. how did my brother do it
15.I have some tickets for the basketball match. I wonder ______.
A. where you buy the tickets
B. why you like to go there
C. if you’d like to come along
D. when you watch the match
二、把下列两个句子连接成含有宾语从句的主从复合句。
1.There will be a sports meeting next week. Our teacher says.
__________________________________________________
2.He can get well soon. I hope.
__________________________________________________ 3.The boy runs the fastest in our school. I think.
__________________________________________________ 4.He wants to travel to Beijing. He tells me.
__________________________________________________ 5.Our Chinese teacher is going to America to study. I hear. __________________________________________________
参考答案
一1~5 DAACB 6~10 AADAD 6~10CCCBC
二1. Our teacher says that there will be a sports meeting next week.
2. I hope that he can get well soon.
3. I think that the boy runs the fastest in our school.
4. He tells me that he wants to travel to Beijing.
5. I hear that our Chinese teacher is going to America to study.
初中英语语法知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
初一英语语法及主要知识点归纳总结
初一英语语法及主要知 识点归纳总结 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】
初一英语知识点归纳总结 分类：英语学习 Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from 一．短语： 1 ．be from = come from 来自于---- 2． live in 居住在--- 3． on weekends 在周末 4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人 5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国 6．pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7．the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约 8．speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎 9．go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动 二．重点句式： 1 Where’s your pen pal from = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live 3 What language(s) does he speak 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. 三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。 1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French 2 France------ French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English 5 the United States------ American---- English 6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish Unit 2 Where’s the post office 一． Asking ways: (问路) 1．Where is (the nearest) …… （最近的）……在哪里 2．Can you tell me the way to …… 你能告诉我去……的路吗 3．How can I get to …… 我怎样到达……呢 4．Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood 附近有……吗 5．Which is the way to …… 哪条是去……的路 二．Showing the ways: （指路） 1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。 2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。 3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。 4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。 5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（You’d better+动词原形）
八年级下英语语法专项练习题
八下英语语法集锦练习题 1. If you _____ to the party, you’ll have a great time. A. will go B. went C. go D. going 2. I ____ her the answer if she ____me. A. can tell, will ask B. will tell, will ask C. would tell, ask D. will tell, asks 3. – What are you going to do tomorrow? --We’ll go to the library tomorrow if it ___. A. isn’t rain B. rain C. won’t rain D. doesn’t rain 4.—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow? --Sorry, I don’t know. When he ____ back, I’ll tell you. A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come 5. I’ll give the book to him if he ___ here next Sunday. A. will come B. comes C. is coming D. came 6.May I stop my car here? No, you_＿＿＿. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. don't have to 7. Must we clean the house now? No, you _______. A. needn't B. may not C. mustn't D. can't 8. Linda ate nothing this morning, ___? A. didn’t she B. was she C. did she D. wasn’t she 9. There’s hardly___ milk in the bottle, _____there? A. no, isn’t B. some, is C. little, isn’t D. any, is 10. He has never ridden a horse before, ___? A. does he B. has he C. hasn’t he D. doesn’t he 11. He can’t be her father, _____ he? A. is B. isn’t C. can D. can’t 12. They have no time to visit the museum, _____? A. do they B. haven’t they C. don’t they D. will they II. 将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词： 1. “I never eat meat.”he said. He said that ______ never ______ meat. 2. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there 3. “You must come here before five.”he said. He said that I ______ to go ______ before five. 4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” 5.The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west. III. 时态练习题。 1. I _____ to the cinema. I ______ there every Sunday. A. go…go B. am going… go C. go…am going D. am going…am going 2. Look, they______ a good time, ____ they ? A. have…do B. have…don't C. are having…are D. are having… aren't 3. ______ a sports meet last Sunday ? Yes, they ______. A. Did they have... did B. Did they have... had C. Had they... had D. Had they (i) 4. This time yesterday Jack _____ his, bike. He _____ TV. A. repaired… didn't watch B. was repairing… watched C. repaired… watch ed D. was repairing… wasn't watching 5. I _______ fifteen years next year. A. am B. have been C. will be D. was 6. _____you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we _____ it two hours ago. A. Did…copy…did B. Have… copied…have C. Have… copied… did D. Did …copy…had 7. _____ you ______ the film before ? Where ____ you _____ it ? A. Have… seen… did… see B. Did…see…die…watch C. Have…seen… have… seen D. Did…see…have…seen
初二英语语法总结大全
初二期末英语必考的十二大语法点 一. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级 1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 （1）单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est。 ①单音节单词 small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest ②少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词 clever→cleverer→cleverest
narrow→narrower→narrowest （2）以不发音e结尾的单音节单词，比较级在原形后加-r，最高级在 原级后加-st。 large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest （3）以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）单词中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest （4）以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest （5）其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily （6）有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
初中英语语法总结(完整)
英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class.
我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了（工作）。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底，他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。） 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。
高中英语语法大全归纳总结-高中语法归纳总结
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