高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第—学期议论文作文精讲及巩固练习(有答案)

议论文作文

议论文, 也称论说文, 是就某一观点或概念进行论证并得出合理结论的一种文体, 考查

学生的语言水平和逻辑思维能力。命题的方式主要有：提纲式(给出汉语提示, 要求学生论证)、图表式(给出图片或图表,要求学生先描写再分析论证)、情景式(给出情景, 要求学生描述分析)等。

论说文在结构上是由论点、论据和结论组成, 通常由引言段、中心段和结论段构成, 中

心段可以由一至多个推展段组成。引言段(Opening paragraph)说出文中的要点、核心问题—推展段(中心段/正文部分Body paragraphs)围绕主题开展叙述、讨论—结论段(结尾部分Concluding paragraph) 对全文的总结和概括。

论说文的类型通常有：观点对比型、问题解决型、道理/观点论证型、说明利弊型等, 各

类型的论证方式有相异之处, 每一种类型都有相对固定的论证方式及句型。

（一）观点对比型

此题型是通过就同一事件比较两个不同甚至对立的观点, 或就同一问题比较两种不同

的选择方法来阐明自己的观点或选择的方法。

1. 写作结构指导

引入部分

陈述观点1部分 陈述观点

2部分

“我的观点”部分

结论

2. 常用句型

引入部分：

.

has become a heated topic among people today. Opinions vary from person to person. .

Nowadays, people are divided on the question about whether ... .

The issue of whether ... or not ... has been widely argued/debated currently.

.... is a common occurrence in our daily life, but different people hold different attitudes towards it.

陈述观点1部分：

.Some people suggest / think / maintain / hold the opinion that ...

.Some people prefer to think that .. .

.Those who advocate / are in favor of ... believe that ...

.Those who criticize / object to / oppose ... maintain that ...

陈述观点2部分：

.However / Nevertheless / Yet, other people hold a different point of view. They insist that ...

.On the contrary / In contrast, there are still many people who do not agree, and they claim/argue/believe that ...

.On the other hand, not everyone shares the opinion.

“我的观点”部分：

.For my part /As to me /As far as I am concerned, I’d like to agree to the former / latter opinion.

.From my point of view, I am in favor of ... / I am on the side of ...

.In my opinion, both sides are partly right / there is some truth in both sides.

.To me / In case of me, I prefer .. . / the former opinion is more attractive in that ...

结论部分

In summary / Consequently / In conclusion / To sum up / All in all / In brief / In short ...

3.模拟演练

Recently I’ve conducted a survey concerning students’ school uniforms. People are divided into two sides on this question as the advantages and disadvantages of the issue are both obvious.

Those who advocate the practice argue that as a tradition, wearing a uniform surely has some merits. To begin with, wearing the same clothes can avoid the comparing phenomenon, thus

shaping students’ psychology in a healthy way. Besides , the school can also benefit from the convenience that uniforms bring in school management. In the meanwhile , those holding the opposite view maintain that the disadvantages of school uniforms can’t be ignored. The dull design and color of school uniforms makes students tired of wearing them all year round.

As to me, I hold that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages . In the first place , the

materials which some school uniforms are made of are often far from comfortable, which may cause physical suffering to students. To plus , the dull design and color is likely to have an adverse influence on the development of students’ taste of beauty. Last but not least , wearing school uniforms restricts students’ freedom and may act as a barrier to the development of their personalities. As a result, it may lead to, to be exaggerated, their lack of creativity.

To put in a nutshell , we should relieve students of wearing school uniforms and let them

have more space to develop themselves.

（二） 问题解决型

此题型是先指出某一问题或现象, 然后提出解决方法。此类型的论说文重心在解决问题

上, 但有时题目中也要求对问题产生的原因或引起的严重后果做相应的描述, 所以审题时, 要注意弄清作文段落间的合理比例。

1. 写作结构指导

问题陈述

分析(原因

/后果) 问题解决 结论(期望/展望)

2. 常用句型

问题陈述

. Recently/Nowadays, ... has become a serious problem we have to face.

.

... the phenomenon ...has aroused the public’s concern. . There is no denying that ... has become a serious concern among people.

分析(原因/后果)

.

There are several reasons for the problem. . There are a variety of factors contributing to the phenomenon.

问题解决

.People have figured out many ways to solve the problem.

.It is high time that we should figure / figured out ways to deal with the problem.

结论(期望/展望)

.With the joint efforts, I am confident that ...

.As long as we ..., we will resolve the problem eventually.

3.模拟演练

Junk messages are in the air. People are caught up in a constant rustle with them — you delete while they arrive. How unpleasant!

Reasons for such inconvenience vary. Some may be caused by business battles where companies take advantage of leaked personal information and use text messages as a way of advertising while others may result from evil thoughts, including teasing ones or even blackmailing ones. Still others are perhaps due to ineffective administration or technological failures. Whatever the causes, they must be removed.

The most direct solution is to turn to phone producers who may equipped each phone with a message filter so as to automatically abandon those junk messages. But it may not be the most far-reaching solution. To handle the problem thoroughly we may first set up a supervising network to detect the spread of junk messages. Secondly, laws for punishment shall follow to fight against these behaviors. Meanwhile, our personal information must get better protection to avoid being aimed at as potential customers. And finally, the public should be educated to respect others by stopping the spread of junk messages.

Anti-junk-message war can be demanding, but it will be worth the efforts to free people from the constant assault presented by these unwelcomed visitors.

（三）道理/观点论证型

此题型是要求针对某一道理(通常以格言的形式出现)或某个概念进行解释, 然后结合生活实例进行论证, 最后得出结论。

1.写作结构指导

引述格言/道理，并揭示含义或分析原因

举例或用事实论证

结论

2.常用句型

引出并解择格言

.As the saying goes, “...” I think there is some truth in it.

.There is an old proverb, “...” It is the experience of ...

.There is a widespread proverb, “...”

例证/ 事实论证

.Take ... for example.

.To see this more clearly, let’s take ... as an illustration.

. A case in point is ...

.There is abundant evidence to support.

.The latest survey / studies conducted by ... indicates / reveals / shows / demonstrates that ...

结论

.From what have been discussed above, we may come to / draw / reach the conclusion that ... .In a word / In summary / In conclusion / In brief / In short / To sum up ...

.Taking all the factors into account, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that ...

3.模拟演练

There is an old saying which goes “it’s never too old to learn”. It holds the everlasting value in the field of learning by realizing the simple but important truth that one’s age is never an obstacle to study.

Chinese well-known scholar, Zhu Guangqian, sets us a good example. He established a good reputation for his academic achievements in aesthetics. In his sixties, he decided to start learning Russian from the very beginning. Considering his age, his family and friends tried to persuade him

to give it up and suggested he should simply enjoy his life as an accomplished and respected scholar. However, the determined scholar ignored all these voices and carried out his plan. Several years later, he could not only talk in Russian fluently but also translate Russian works. What a miracle!

So well did Zhu Guangqian demonstrate the amazing initiative in the pursuit of knowledge that every one of us young people should follow him. From his experience, I understand this saying more deeply. For a never-satisfied soul, his pursuit of knowledge will last all through his life and only the irresistible power of death can prevent him from going on. Learning is an attitude to life. It should be self-conscious action rather than an obligation to improve oneself. However old we are, once we have the determination, we are sure to make further steps in self-cultivation through learning.

There is no end to knowledge. There is no end to learning. The immense sea of knowledge is stretching her hands and waiting for us to explore. As we live, we shall learn.

（四）说明利弊型

此题型是要求针对某一事物或现象从正反两面分析其优缺点, 然后表明作者对该事物或现象的看法。

1.写作结构指导

描述某事物或现象

陈述该事物或现象的优缺点

表明我的态度或看法

2.常用句型

陈述该事物或现象的优点

.There are several advantages in ... The first / biggest advantage is that ...

.The advantages of ...can be listed as follows. First ...Besides ...

.... is playing an increasingly important role in people’s life. For one thing, ... For another, ...

陈述该事物或现象的缺点

.However, ... just like anything else, has its negative side as well.

.In the meanwhile, we cannot ignore the disadvantages of ...

.However, the negative aspects of ... are also apparent / evident / obvious. To begin with, ... To make matters worse, ... Worst of all, ...

.In spite of / Despite the advantages / beneficial sides, it has its comprehensive disadvantages / side effects.

表明个人态度或看法(利大于弊)

.As to me, I think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages ...

.As far as I am concerned, I hold that ... has more advantages than disadvantages.

.Personally, I think what is more important is its positive side.

3.模拟演练

As the life standard becomes higher and higher, mobile phones play an essential part in our own daily life now. Not only the adults but also many middle school students use them frequently.

There is no doubt that mobile phones have their advantages. As a communication tool, mobile phones connect people conveniently. We can use mobile phones to call or send text messages to each other, keeping in touch with the outside world. On the other hand, mobile phones also have disadvantages. Some students are keen on playing games and others spend too much time on sending short messages. By doing so, both time and money are wasted and even our sleep and studies are harmed.

As far as I am concerned, using mobile phones is quite necessary in some way, especially for those boarding school students. Acting as a strong link between parents and us, mobile phones bring us lots of convenience. What’s more, mobile phones can also help to promote friendship and provide us with a way to communicate with our peers or friends. With the smart phones, we students can access much more information, becoming more efficient in our studies and staying open-minded in this information age.

All in all, everything has two sides. Whether mobile phones will do us good or harm all depends on how we use them. If we have a right attitude towards them and use them properly, mobile phones are our good servants.

课堂练习

考纲词汇短语默写02

（一）

你班将组队参加学校组织的集体舞比赛（group dancing competition），班长希望大家积极参加。对此谈谈你的看法。你的文章必须包括以下内容：

●你是否会参加比赛。

●你做出该决定的具体理由

范文1

A group dancing competition will be held in our school and the monitor calls on everybody to take an active part in it. While most of my classmates are still hesitating whether to participate, I have said yes to our monitor with great pleasure.

Generally speaking, there are two reasons for my decision. First, it is a good opportunity for me to relax myself, which will enable me to study more efficiently. As the saying says, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy”, which clearly shows us the importance of relaxation. Besides, I think I am a good dancer after learning dance for more than five years. Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions to the class.

For the two reasons mentioned above, it is no surprise that I have such a strong enthusiasm on the group dancing competition.

范文2

Today the monitor calls on everybody to take an active part in the group dancing competition which will be held in a couple of days in our school. But after some careful consideration, I have decided not to participate.

There are a number of reasons for my decision. First and foremost, as the College Entrance Exam is just around the corner, study is the top priority for me. The idea of participating in the group dancing competition has to be given up because it might take me too much time. What’s more, without any experience of dancing, I don’t think I can be a good dancing partner. I am afraid my poor dancing skills will probably spoil the performance of the whole class. In this case, it’s better for me to be a spectator cheering for my classmates.

For these reasons, it seems more appropriate for me to watch the competition than to dance myself.

（二）

古人语：“天生我材必有用”（There must be a use for my talent）通过描述你生活中的一件事，说明人各有所长，无论才能大小都能成为有用的人。

As the old saying goes, there must be a use for my talent. I hold the truth to be self-evident that once can be a useful person however much talent he has. My uncle is a typical example.

When he was young, my uncle did badly in most subjects at school. Not only did he fail in math and science exams, but he also lacked interest in subjects of liberal arts. Though thought useless, he was fascinated by cooking. He went to a chef school after graduation from high school and discovered his gift for cooking. Since then, he has crated many recipes and become a chief cook in a well-known restaurant.

People have their own strong points and their talents are in different fields. That is why different people can become useful in all walks of life. Many people are just like my uncle. They may not do well in some areas, but once their talents are discovered, they can stand out in a particular field. Moreover, hard work can contribute to one’s success. Where there is a will, there is a way. As long as one keeps making efforts, his discovered talents can lead him to success.

In brief, discovered talent, combined with efforts, can make one a useful person. That is why there must be a use for his talent.

（三）

请你谈谈轿车大量进入家庭后，对家庭、环境和经济可能产生的影响。

Nowadays the number of people who own private cars is on the rise. Like everything else,

private cars have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the favorable aspects can be listed as follows.

First, private cars can bring convenience and mobility to owners. A car allows a person to move comfortably and safely as well as quickly and freely. Because my family owns a car, we are able to make extensive journeys every year. Therefore, I believe the tourist industry in China will develop more quickly with the increase in the number of private cars. Secondly, if more people buy cars, the automobiles industry will develop dramatically. What’s more, the growth of the automobile industry can trigger the boom of other important and related industries such as iron and steel production, energy and technological application.

Every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. To begin with, too many cars will give rise to a series of problems, such as serious environmental pollution and more traffic accidents. In addition, the driver may have drive around and around looking for available parking spaces.

Through above analysis, we can see that private cars should be restricted rather than encouraged. (199 words)

（四）

一些学生认为学英语很重要；一些学生则认为不必学英语；我认为。。。。。。（观点、理由）

Some students think it is very important to master English. They believe “A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life”. Others consider English useless. They feel learning English is nothing but a burden to them.

In my opinion, English is one of the most important subjects we learn at school. Of all subjects I like English best.

There are several reasons why English is my favorite subject.

First, English is one of the most widely used languages of the world. Nearly all information on the Internet and over half of the world’s technical materials are in English, thus a good command of English will greatly benefit me in my work. Secondly, it is believed that good English also leads to greater chances and opportunities. In the competition for a well-paid job, the one who can speak English has an advantage over those who cannot.

For all these reasons we should not only learn English but master it in the shortest time possible.

（五）

forward to becoming one of the first students to take advantage of this service. As far as I’m

-saving and budget-friendly option, but also means a whole new life experience.

will surely do much good academically/will definitely exert positive influence on academic study. Since students of the same classes are closely in touch with each other, most of the complicated academic problems that are hardly possible for any individual to solve perfectly may be tackle d through brainstorms. More importantly, studying with others will naturally create an atmosphere of competition in which all students can benefit a lot. Even greater benefits are to come in many aspects of my life other than studies. With a number of sporting facilities and fields provided by the school, we will be able to play whatever sport we enjoy, sometimes even with professional instructions of our teachers. Besides, extra free time at school will come with a lot more activities organized by students. Such opportunities will be priceless for us, who are the only children in our families, to practice the skills of socializing.

School accommodation is far more than food to eat and a bed to sleep on. It is what shapes us

as mature men academically, physically and mentally. So why not choose

(239)

（六）

More and more students prefer to use e-dictionaries nowadays due to their convenience and smartness. But as far as I am concerned, I'll choose a paper dictionary rather than an electronic one.

A paper dictionary has many advantages although it’s considered heavy to carry and time-consuming. First of all, the information listed in a paper dictionary is more sufficient and accurate. The usage of a certain word is often explained in detail with several examples or even vivid pictures so that the user may have a better command of the word. On the contrary, most e-dictionaries fail to tell the users how to use a word correctly and properly. Secondly, a paper dictionary can be used for a long time once it’s bought, for it doesn’t depend on electricity to work.

There are few things that are more annoying than finding that the batteries have run out when you reach for an e-dictionary. Last but not least, there can be a lot of mistakes in an e- dictionary while a paper one has been revised several times before its eventual publication. E-dictionaries also tend to use abbreviations a lot, which may cause those who have just started to learn the foreign language much confusion.

To sum up, I prefer using a paper dictionary to using a fashionable, electronic one.

（七）

More and more students prefer to use e-dictionaries nowadays due to their convenience and smartness. But as far as I am concerned, I'll choose a paper dictionary rather than an electronic one.

A paper dictionary has many advantages although it’s considered heavy to carry and time-consuming. First of all, the information listed in a paper dictionary is more sufficient and accurate. The usage of a certain word is often explained in detail with several examples or even vivid pictures so that the user may have a better command of the word. On the contrary, most e-dictionaries fail to tell the users how to use a word correctly and properly. Secondly, a paper dictionary can be used for a long time once it’s bought, for it doesn’t depend on electricity to work. There are few things that are more annoying than finding that the batteries have run out when you reach for an e-dictionary. Last but not least, there can be a lot of mistakes in an e- dictionary while a paper one has been revised several times before its eventual publication. E-dictionaries also tend to use abbreviations a lot, which may cause those who have just started to learn the foreign language much confusion.

To sum up, I prefer using a paper dictionary to using a fashionable, electronic one.

高分范文2：

Using electronic dictionaries has been a growing trend among students. As a user myself, I think it is good to use electronic dictionaries.

First of all, electronic dictionaries have a time-saving advantage over traditional ones. When it comes to looking up a new word, all I need to do is just inputting the new word. Then the

dictionary will search automatically. Compared with the traditional paper dictionaries, such process only takes seconds. Therefore, the saved time can be used to read more, which benefits me a lot in study.

Secondly, electronic dictionaries are more convenient to use. An electronic dictionary contains more than one dictionary. Such function enables students to gain more knowledge about the word. Moreover, electronic dictionaries can be connected to the computer. The contents can be updated frequently in this way, which ensures what you learn is the latest one.

Thirdly, electronic dictionaries are more environmental-friendly. The making of traditional paper dictionaries costs large amounts of paper. And, paper comes from trees. By using electronic dictionaries, we can protect forests from disappearing.

The reasons I gave above are just an outline of why electronic dictionaries are popular. To my belief, more people will follow such trend to use electronic dictionaries and they will continue to find how convenient they are.

高分范文3：

With the development of the electronics industry, there’s an increasing popularity of electronic dictionaries among students. Nevertheless, I believe the trend has potential danger and paper dictionaries shouldn’t lose their place in our studies.

First and foremost, electronic dictionaries don’t provide as comprehensive usage of a word as paper ones and even have mistakes. A typical paper dictionary includes idioms’ phrasal verbs, derivatives, highlighted collocation and difference between similar words. Electronic ones’ failure to meet students’ desire for insights into words is the most significant defect.

Furthermore, the role of electronic dictionaries in memorizing new words is far from satisfactory. Most students only pay attention to Chinese meanings for the sake of convenience while on the contrary, the process of consulting paper dictionaries forces students to look through all the usages. Research findings have revealed that students with an electronic dictionary have a poor command of what they have learned, scoring 36 on a vocabulary test, in comparison with 79 for students with a paper one.

Last but not least, too much dependence on electronic dictionaries may hinder the development of independent thinking. It only takes 1 minute or so to look up a new word but students are deprived of the experience of “finding problems，looking them up, comprehension, memorizing and putting theory into practice”. It’s a pity that they lose the golden chance.

To put it in a nutshell, paper dictionaries are more effective in learning. If time permits, I

appeal to all to be clear of electronic dictionaries.

（八）

Should Parents Send Their Kids to After-school Class?

It is widely seen that many parents send their children to after-school classes nowadays. Many people are in favor of this practice while others are opposed to it. As far as I am concerned, this trend should not be encouraged for the reasons as follows.

The first priority is that after-school classes themselves are not proper places for learning. The institutions hosting these classes often lay more emphasis on making profit rather than their teaching quality. As the host institutions put profit in the first place，what children can actually learn from these classes remains a question.

Besides, attending after-school class reduces children’s playing time, which may cause some problems. It is universally acknowledged that certain amount of playing time plays an important role in children’s growth. When children are deprived of their playing time because of various after-school classes，they may fail to enjoy a normal golden childhood. Moreover, the aim of sending children to after-school classes is questionable. Most parents want their children to acquire knowledge in advance so that their kids could be better in school. But parents should know that the scores are achieved at the cost of the children’s happiness，which is far more

important than knowledge itself.

In a nutshell, parents shouldn’t send children to after-school classes, and the whole society has the responsibility to stop the trend.

（九）

高分范文1

Online shopping is a new way of shopping that you can browse products and purchase them on the Internet. As it becomes more and more popular, people begin to split between the trend

followers and the left-behinds.

People who support the Practice maintain that online shopping brings them convenience. Without leaving home, they can make the purchase from all over the country or even overseas with ease. In addition, they say lower prices are also one of the advantages that online shopping has. Online shopping saves them money Contrary to these people s opinions, other people find flaws in online shopping. They are concerned about the liability and trust issues. Since people are dealing on the Internet without really having to see both the buyers and sellers, fraud occurs now and then. Besides, being unable to see the actual product, they may purchase a product different from the one displayed online in size or colour, which they think is a fly in the ointment in online shopping.

Personally, I prefer online shopping for a couple of reasons. Firstly, I love the quick and efficient way of shopping online. I don’t even need to travel to the shop walk through the racks and browse the products manually. Instead, with online shopping, all I need to do is to type in the keywords to search on the website and check the price. And with clicks away, I purchase the products and have them delivered right in front of my door within few days. Online shopping saves me time and energy. Secondly, I enjoy the excitement that online shopping gives me. After have made the purchase, I just cant wait. My anticipation towards the arrival time of the product drives me crazy.

In conclusion, even though flaws do exist in online shopping, it is a great tool. And I think with the development of computer science, online shopping will be improved and more and more people will try this way of shopping to seek for a new adventure

高分范文2

As the technology of Internet is rapidly developing and popularizing, many people prefer shopping online nowadays. Some people think that buyer is easily cheated because there is no way to confirm who the seller is and the product can be different from its Picture in color and size. However, in my opinion, shopping online is one of the greatest achievements we can enjoy in the 21st century.

First of all, shopping online provides us with a great variety of products. We can search for almost any product we want to buy. We can see all kinds of products at the same time. Then we can buy the most suitable product by comparing several products. Secondly, shopping online does not have any limit in place or time. It’s easy-access is welcomed by people of all ages and is particularly welcomed by those busy people living in this rapidly developing society. We can even save our traffic expenses

In conclusion, shopping online is well received by people. And I believe that as a potential business, online shopping will greatly affect everyone life in the near future

高分范文3

Nowadays, shopping online is getting more and more popular. I regard it as a must because online shopping indeed brings benefits to society.

First of all, it is more convenient for customers to buy the goods they want. As an online shopper myself, I find the temptation to buy things which may even be thousands of miles away with only a slight click is hard to resist. As long as you have enough money in your credit card or Alipay, you can behave like a king no tiredness of carrying bags but the pleasure of having a"servant"send everything to your hand. Secondly, online shops enjoy low costs of labour, land and electricity. Only in a small dim garage can they pile up all their products instead of paying high renting fee for an attractive store every month. And with a single computer, a couple of people can handle most of their business. what's more, online shopping promotes the industry of delivery. Especially in holidays, when sales grow rapidly, a large number of orders are placed and more deliveries are called for, thus providing more job opportunities.

On the whole, shopping online is superior to shopping in real shops in many aspects. So I think the popularity of it will keep growing and it is a sign of the development of economy.