武汉大学考博 翻译 真题

2003年真题

脱贫defeat poverty

It has already been 30 years since Richard Nixon announced fight against cancer, during which many specialists and scholars spent a huge sum of money trying to seek various ways to crack this hard nut. However, the death rate of cancer is still nearly as high as it was in the 1970s. The American women’s death rate of breast cancer is 5 to 30 times as high as that of women in many other countries. In Thailand, only 2 to 5 out of every 100,000 women died of breast cancer, whereas in the united states 30 to 40 women meet that fate. Among all reasons, no one denies that diet is a large part of the reason. Some scientists hold, “it’s our greatest exposure to the environment because humans put 2 to 3 pounds of food into their bodies every day.” Hence we should place a great emphasis on good eating habit, though correct eating habit may not eliminate cancer, it can help reduce the risk of cancer.

2004

An officer in charge of poverty-relief work says by the end of 2004, although the majority of poor people will have resolved their food and clothing problem, there will still be some people living in extreme poverty, who are still in need of government’s financial support. In addition, the present living conditions must be improved for those who have just freed themselves from povert y. These people may fall back into poverty if hit by natural disasters, since their production and living conditions have not been changed fundamentally. Besides, the c urrent standard for poverty lin e is very low, a long-term hard struggle will be required to ensure a better life for the Chinese people as a whole.

Many changes are ta king place in the Chinese diet. As is known to all, china h as a long history in her food cult ure. Chinese people often spend a lot of time in cooking all sorts of delicious fo od by using meat, vegetables, bean products, and so on, which is extremely incompatible with the fast pace of modern society. Nowadays, we have many alternatives to choose from: nutrition-balanced healthy food, convenient and delicious fast food in addition to traditional home-cooked meal. Because of short noon brea k, people tend to spend less time in having lunch. Thus cheaper fast food has become a favorite with Chinese people, especially the youngsters.

2005

1. he was a extremely conceited monster. Never for a moment did he look at the world or at people, except in relation to himself. To himself, he was not merely the most important person in the world, but also in his eyes he was the only person who existed. He considered himself to be one of the greatest playwrights, one of the greatest thinkers, and one of the greatest composers in the world. If you hear him tal k, it looks as if he were the mixture o f shakespeare, Beethoven, and plato. You have no trouble hearing him talk. He was one of the most exhausting conversationalist s that ever lived. An evening spent with him was an evening spent in listening to his monolog ue. At ti mes, he was brillia nt, at other times, he was annoyingly tiresome. But whether he was brilliant or dull, he had only one topic of conve rsation: himself, what he thought and what he did.

2. he arrogantly thought he was always in the right. The slightest hint of disagreement, from anyone, on the most trivial poin t, was enough to set him off on a harangue that might last for

several hours, in which he proved himself right in so many ways. With such exhausting volubil ity, that finally the hearers, stunned and deafened, would agree with him for the sake of peace.

2006

Philologist 语言学家grammarian 文法家

Linguistics is inarguably the most hotly contested propert y in the academic realm. It is s oak ed with the blood of poets, theologians, philosophers, philologists, psychologists, biologists, neurologists, along wi th whatever blood can be got out of gramm arians. Most work currently done under the name of “linguistics”is purely descriptive. Linguistics seek to clarify the nature of language with out p assing value judgment s or tr ying to chart future language directio ns. Nonetheless, there are many professionals and amateurs who also prescribe rules of langu age, h olding a particular standard out for all to follo w. Whereas prescriptivists might want to stamp ou t wh at they perceived as “incorrect usage”, descriptivists seek to find the root of such usage. They might describe it simply as “idiosyncratic” , or they may discover a regularity that prescriptivists dislike, because it is perhaps too new or from a dialect they don’t approve of. During the latter half of 20th century, the precriptive tradition has fallen under increasing criticis m, manifested by their fa intly disapproving tone of this en try, but prescriptive tradition is far from e xtinc t.

2007

1. today, the goal of alma-ata declaration seems more distant than they were 25 years ago. Deep economic inequalities and social injustices continue to deny good health to many people and p ersist as obstacles to continued health gains worldwide. There is also great variation in the pace and level of health gains among and within countries around the world. One possible explanation is that he alth sector refor m as part of stru ctural adjustment programmed of the world bank has not been conclusively shown to improve inequalities. In some cases, they m ay have worsene d them.

Now we are faced with 4 key challenges for health research: moral values, equality and virtue, sustainable health research system, fav orable resear ch environment, kno wledge produc tion and application. To rise to the cha llenges, health-care system and health research system should together m ove into a lear ning and proble m-solvin g mode, in tegrate innovation into their operation s, better manage the opportunities for future development and growth. There are no q uick fix es, no simple solutions, and m uch remains to be learne d.

2008

Nowadays, education is probably one of the most controversial and hotly-contested topics. When a country’s economic growth in the future depends more and more on science and technology, education plays a decisive role in its future. Today enjoying the privilege of receiving education is not confined to a very small number of people. The development of education is so rapid that it has now become a huge industry. As a matter of fact, it is the biggest industry, which employs more people and pays more wages than any other national enterprise. Some educational organizations are very attractive in packin g whereby they can enhance popularity and attract students. In a sense, education has become a commodity. Ed ucators may feel uncomfortable with the idea of commercializat ion. However, except for few exceptions, most universities are alr eady involved in the proce ss of evol ving into large-scale profitable manufa ctures. Cultiv ating mentali ty is no longer so ught-aft er, promoting salable skills has become a fashion, which is the tragedy of

education. Needless to say, a certain imaginative way to rescue education fro m its decline and joint efforts should have appeared long ago. Competitive tests should be replaced by q uality-oriented educa tion, learning by rote should give way to cultivating creativity and ability to resolve practical problems. Only in this way can we greet a genuine progress of education.

2009

Science is the body of knowledge about nature that represents the collective efforts, insights, findings, and wisdom of the human race. Science is not something new but had its beginning before recorded history when humans first discovered r eoccurring relationsh ips around them. Through careful observation of these relationships, they began to know nature, and because of nature’s reliability, they also found that they could m ake predictio ns to enable some control over their surroundings.

Scientists are a small group of people who strive to ga in insight into nat ure, seek ing order in seeming disorderline ss. They are credited with a special ability to think and analyze, with infinite patience to observe and collect data. However, ability and patience don’t account for all scientific discoveries, which often h ave much to do wit h creative imagination. Indeed a leap of imagination is often the first step towards discovery. Beside, scientists are also noted f or their honesty. They pl ace a high premium o n honesty largely because honesty is es sential to t heir career. Every theory they fo rmulate is subject to further testing. Every mistake or lie is bound to be found out. Therefore, if any evidence is found contradicting their ideas, scientists don’t su ppress the evidence but modify or even abandon their id eas. In this way they have built up an immense body of knowledg e, which helps us to better understand ourselves and the world around us.

2010

Since china introduced the policy of reform and opening-up, it has found a road for promotion and development of human rights that s uits its reali ty. China is a developing country in the east, with a long history and a huge population, but with a relative shortage of resources and wealth. To promote human rights in such a country, china can’t copy the mode of human rights development in western developed countries, nor can it copy the methods of other developing countries. China can only start from its own reality and exp lore a road with its own characteristic s. Since the Chinese reform and open-policy, china has, on the basis of summ ing up its historical experiences and drawing lessons fro m them, found a way to build socialism with Chinese characteristics, and therefore has found a way to promote and develop human rights which is in line with the country’s reality. This means putting the rights of subsistence and development in the first place. Under the condition of reform, development, and stability, human rights development was promoted in an overall way. The characteristics of this road are, in terms of the basic orientation of developing human rights, that we stick to the principle of developing productivity and promoting common prosperity, based on the improvement of the living standards of the entire people and promoting the human rights of the entire people, in terms of the order of priorit y, the top priority is given to the rights to subsistence and development, while taking into account people’s political, economic, social and cultural rights and the overall development of individual and collective rights. In terms of the methods of promoting and guaranteeing human rights, we stress that stability is the prerequisite, development is the key, reform is the motive power, and government according to law is the guarantee. Over the past 20 years, china has stuck to this correct road for development. As a result, no t only have the living standards and mental outlo ok of the Chinese people changed

greatly, but a set of relatively complete political and legal systems that guarantee the people’s democratic rights have been formed. thus great progress has been made in putting human rights into a legal and institutional framework, and china’s human rights development has been improving constantly.

2012年翻译

The diversity of the world’s civilization is a basic hallmark of human society and an important driving force that propels human progress. The current world has 6 billion inhabitants living in more than 200 countries and regions. They break into over 2500 ethnic groups and speak more than 5000 different languages. Because of the difference in historical tradition, religious belief, cultural background, social system, values, and level of development, those countries and regions are often different from one another. It’s these differences that make our planet dazzling, colorful, and bustling with life. Such diversity of civilization is the legacy of history and will stay with us into the future. Instead of harboring bias against or deliberately belittling other civilizations, we should give full respect to the diversity of civilization all over the world. Instead of shutting each other out in mutual exclusion, we should encourage dialogues and exchanges between civilizations so that they can learn from each other in mutual emulation. Instead of demanding uniformity and foisting one’s will on others, we should promote common development of all civilizations in the course of mutual tolerance and seeking agreement while shelving differences.

With the globalization of economy and advancement of new, scientific and technological revolution, the interconnection and interdependence among countries are developing in depth, but this doesn’t mean allowing of ignoring and weakening the status and role of a nation’s sovereignty. It’s necessary to have greater democracy of international relations. Practices indicate that the disregard for other nation’s sovereignty, the practice of the big oppressing the small, the strong bullying the weak, the pursuance of hegemonism and power politics won’t work.

2011真题

In the 20th century, mankind created material and spiritual wealth unmatched by any other era in history. It was also in these 100 years that humanity experienced unprecedented h ardships, particularly the havoc of 2 world wars. But it was always the people of the world that wrote and created the world history. Therefore, justice will inevitably prevail over evil, light over darkness, progress over backwardness. Mankind will undoubtedly keep overcoming difficulties and obstacles, blazing new trails, and steadily moving forward towards a better future. In the 21st century, though the world people are still confronted with a multitude of formidable challenges, they are also faced with tremendous opportunities for developme nt. As long as the world people work as one and constitute a powerful strength that can prevail over every challenge, the ship of mankind’s civilization and progress will surely sail forward by braving wind and wav es.

The world is colorful, people in different countries have traversed different roads, enjoyed different cultural background, social system and values, continued dif ferent ways of life. This diversity is just the fundamental reason for contest, vigor and creation in this world. All countries should strengthen exchange and understanding and advance towards a common goal on the basis of mutual respect and equality. They should not allow this diversity to be a barrier to their march forward, less should they deliberately provoke confrontation and conflict. Respecting and developing the diversity of world culture in which a common interest can be found is the great motive for social progress of mankind.

武汉大学2017博士英语

武汉大学 2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题 （满分值100分） 科目名称：英语科目代码：1101 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions:In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong with the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth. Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase.But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.

武大考博辅导班：2019武大新闻与传播学院考博难度解析及经验分享

武大考博辅导班：2019武大新闻与传播学院考博难度解析及经验分 享 武汉大学是教育部直属的重点综合性大学，是国家“985工程”和“211工程”重点建设高校，涵盖哲学、经济学、法学、教育学、文学、历史学、理学、工学、农学、医学、管理学、艺术学等12个学科门类。学校现有46个一级学科具有博士学位授予权，235个二级学科专业具有博士学位授予权；博士专业学位授权点3个；博士后科研流动站42个，博士生导师1600余人 下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于武汉大学新闻与传播学院考博相关内容。 一、院系简介 武汉大学新闻与传播教育始于1983年的新闻系，2000年12月新闻与传播学院成立。 学院现设新闻学、广播电视、广告学、网络传播四个系；6个本科专业和专业方向：新闻学、传播学、广播电视新闻学、广告学、播音与主持艺术、广告设计方向；拥有新闻传播学一级学科博士学位授予权，五个二级学科博士学位授予权：新闻学、传播学、跨文化传播学、广告与媒介经济、数字媒介；五个硕士学位授权点：新闻学、传播学、数字媒介、广播电视艺术理论、新闻与传播硕士专业学位；一个新闻传播学博士后科研流动站；一个省级一级学科重点学科：新闻传播学；拥有一个教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地武汉大学媒体发展研究中心、一个国家级实验教学示范中心：武汉大学新闻传播学实验教学中心。一个教育部、财政部支持的人才培养模式创新实验区：多媒体时代记者型主持人培养模式创新实验区。 学院现有专任教师54人，教授21人（含博导17人）、副教授19人、讲师14人；90%以上的教师具有博士学位以及在国外或境外学习、访问、交流、讲学经历；有1位国家级教学名师、1位入选国家第一批“万人计划”、4位教育部新世纪优秀人才、3位享受国务院政府特殊津贴、2位珞珈杰出学者、1位楚天学者特聘教授、2位珞珈学者特聘教授、3位珞珈青年学者。此外，学院还聘请了50多位海内外知名的新闻传播学者和业界人士担任学院的兼职教授或客座教授。 二、招生信息

2015~2019年武汉大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

2015年武汉大学考博英语真题及详解 Part ⅠReading Comprehension (2×20=40分) Directions: In this part for the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.”That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offence against society. T o make up for his offence, society must get even. This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him. This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times. It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who had committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract

最新武汉大学博士研究生入学英语试题及详解汇总

2008年武汉大学博士研究生入学英语试题 及详解

2008年武汉大学博士研究生入学英语试题及详解 Part I Reading Comprehension (40%, 1=2 points) Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the following passage: Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or "bids", for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called "knocking down" the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum. （definition）→ what The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin Autcio, meaning "increase". The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called sub hasta, meaning "under the spear", a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, goods were often sold "by the candle": a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight.（history）→ how Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit and vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction-rooms as Christie's and Sotheby's in London and New York are world-famous. （goods/items）→ how An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. I f the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods

2017年武汉大学考博英语真题及答案

2017年武汉大学考博英语真题及答案 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions: In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong

武大考博辅导班：2019武大国家网络安全学院考博难度解析及经验分享

武大考博辅导班：2019武大国家网络安全学院考博难度解析及经验 分享 武汉大学是教育部直属的重点综合性大学，是国家“985工程”和“211工程”重点建设高校，涵盖哲学、经济学、法学、教育学、文学、历史学、理学、工学、农学、医学、管理学、艺术学等12个学科门类。学校现有46个一级学科具有博士学位授予权，235个二级学科专业具有博士学位授予权；博士专业学位授权点3个；博士后科研流动站42个，博士生导师1600余人 下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于武汉大学国家网络安全学院考博相关内容。 一、院系简介 武汉大学一直以来引领我国信息安全专业建设，实现了安全领域人才培养的多项“第一”：2001年设立了全国第一个信息安全本科专业，首批入选“国家级特色专业建设点”，制定出全国第一个信息安全本科专业课程体系、教学计划和课程大纲，出版了国内第一套信息安全系列教材，创建了国内第一个信息安全专业实验室，打造了一支高素质的具有强专业实践能力的教学团队，理清了本学科的知识结构和学科特点，“创建信息安全专业培养体系，引领信息安全专业建设”获得了国家级教学成果一等奖，为我国网络空间安全学科的创建积累了重要前期经验。2016年武汉大学成为首批获得网络空间安全一级学科博士授权点的高校之一，同年武汉大学积极响应国家网络空间安全战略部署，成立国家网络安全学院，并与武汉临空港经济技术开发区签约合作打造国家网络安全人才与创新基地，创建极具特色的“网络安全学院+网络安全产业谷”模式。2017年9月，武汉大学国家网络安全学院获批国家一流网络安全学院建设示范项目，成为中国网络安全高层次人才培养的“国家示范”。 二、招生信息

2019年武汉大学考博英语真题精选及详解【圣才出品】

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