解密!单反镜头技术及术语超详尽解读

美国文学史名词解释

1、the Lost Generation In general, the post-World War I generation, but specifically a group of U.S. writers who came of age during the war and established their literary reputations in the 1920s. The term stems from a remark made by Gertrude Stein to Ernest Hemingway, “You are all a lost generation.” Hemingway used it as an epigraph to The Sun Also Rises (1926). The generation was “lost” in the sense that its inherited values were no longer relevant in the postwar world and because of its spiritual alienation from a U.S. that, b asking under President Harding's “back to normalcy” policy, seemed to its members to be hopelessly provincial, materialistic, and emotionally barren. The term embraces Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, John Dos Passos, e.e. cummings and many other writers who made Paris the centre of their literary activities in the '20s. They were never a literary school. In the 1930s, as these writers turned in different directions, their works lost the distinctive stamp of the postwar period. The last representative works of the era were Fitzgerald's Tender Lost generation The lost generation is a term first used by Stein to describe the post-war I generation of American writers: men and women haunted by a sense of betrayal and emptiness brought about by the destructiveness of the war.2>full of youthful idealism, these individuals sought the meaning of life, drank excessively, had love affairs and created some of the finest American literature to date.3>the three best-known representatives of lost generation are F.Scott Fitzgerald, Hemingway and John dos Passos. Lost generation The Lost Generation is a group of expatriate American writers residing primarily in Paris during the 1920s and 1930s. The group was given its name by the American writer Gertrude Stein, who used “a lost generation” to refer to expatriate Americans bitter about their World War I experiences and disillusioned with American society. Hemingway later used the phrase as an epigraph for his novel The Sun Also Rises. It consisted of many influential American writers, including Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Carlos Williams and Archibald MacLeish. 2、Iceberg Theory It is a term used to describe the writing style of American writer Ernest Hemingway. The meaning of a piece is not immediately evident, because the crux of the story lies below the surface, just as most of the mass of a real iceberg similarly lies beneath the surface. Iceberg Theory Ernest Hemingway’s “iceberg theory” sugge sts that the writer include in the text only a small portion of what he knows, leaving about ninety percent of the content a mystery that grows beneath the surface of the writing. If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing about he may omit things that will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of

摄影界术语及暗语汇总

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10、反差/对比：成像色彩明晰程度。 11、色彩还原：摄影系统的成像对景物色彩的反映。 12、光学防抖、感光元件防抖：利用镜片/感光元件移动来抵消影像抖动的技术。 13、ISO值（感光度，旧称ASA）：感光介质的感光效能标示指标。 14、光圈：镜头孔径，决定着镜头的通光量。通过调节可调光圈叶片，能控制镜头通光量的大小。 15、快门：控制感光介质通光时机及时间的装置。 16、SLR（单反相机）：单镜头反光相机。 17、TLR（双反相机）：双镜头反光相机。 18、RF相机：联动测距旁轴相机。 19、座机：单轨或双轨大幅相机。 20、技术相机：所有规格的单轨相机。

词汇学相关的一些名词解释 (1)

Compounding is a process of word formation by which two independent words are put together to make one word. The word formed in this way is called compound Blending is a process of word formation by which a word is created by combining parts of other words. Words formed in this way are called blends. From morphological viewpoints, there are four types of blending: Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms, depending on the pronunciation of the words. Initialisms are words formed by the initial letters of words and pronounced as lettersEEC: European Economic Community Acronyms are words formed by the initial letters of words and pronounced as words:OPEC: Organisation of Petroleum Export Countries According to Leonard Bloomfield’s point of view, a word is a minimum free form, that is to say, the smallest form that may appear in isolation. There are two types of linguistic forms: one is the bound form, the other is the free form. A bound form is one which cannot occur on its own as a separate word, e.g. the various affixes: de-, -tion, -ize, etc. A free form is one which can occur as a separate word. For example, the word lovely contains the free form love and the suffix –ly. The suffix –ly in the word lovely, of course, i s not a free for m, because it cannot stand by itself. So we call it a bound form. A word is a minimum free form The morpheme can be considered as the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words. 1)Morphemes are commonly classified into two forms according to their character: one is free form, and the other is bound form. 2)Free morphemes自由词素are morphemes which can occur as separate words. That is to say, a free morpheme can stand alone as a word. 3)Bound morphemes粘着词素are morphemes which cannot stand alone as words. They are mainly affixes. That is to say, a bound morpheme is one that must appear with at least one other morpheme, bound or free in a word. 4)2) Morphemes may be classified into two categories according to their lexical and grammatical relationships: 5)lexical morphemes and grammatical morphemesLexical morphemes are morphemes used for the construction of new words as in compound words Grammatical morphemes are morphemes used to express grammatical relationships between a word and its context, such as plurality or past tense There are three types of words according to morphology:Simple words,Compound words,Complex words Conversion Conversion is a main type of word-formation assigning the base to a different word

美国文学史名词解释

1.American Puritanism清教 2.It comes from the American puritans, who were the first immigrants moved to American continent in the 17th century. Original sin, predestination（预言）and salvation（拯救）were the basic ideas of American Puritanism. And, hard-working, piousness（虔诚,尽职），thrift and sobriety（清醒）were praised. Characteristics: 特点 1. Idealistic: Puritans pursue the purity and simplicity in worship. They focuse the glory of God, and the angry believe in the doctrine of destiny, original sin, limited atonement 2. Practical: Puritans come to Amrican to do business and make profits with the desire of chasing wealth and status. They have to struggle for survival under the severity of the western frontier. 3 .The struggle between the spiritual and the material is the basics of the Puritan mind. On the one hand, Puritans chase the purity of the early the other hand, they come to America to earn money. This contradictory will be reflected by their thoughts. 4. In a word, it rests on purity, ambition, harding work, and an intense struggling for success. Romanticism浪漫主义: the literature term was first applied to the writers of the 18th century in Europe who broke away from the formal rules of classical writing. When it was used in American literature it referred to the writers of the middle of the 19th century who stimulated（刺激）the sentimental emotions of their readers. They wrote of the mysterious of life, love, birth and death. The Romantic writers expressed themselves freely and without restraint. They wrote all kinds of materials, poetry, essays, plays, fictions, history, works of travel, and biography. Transcendentalism先验说,超越论: is a philosophic and literary movement that flourished in New England, particular at Concord, as a reaction against Rationalism and Calvinism (理性主义and喀尔文主义). Mainly it stressed intuitive understanding of God, without the help of the church, and advocated independence of the mind. The representative writers are Emerson and Thoreau. American Realism现实主义: In American literature, the Civil War brought the Romantic Period to an end. The Age of Realism came into existence. It came as a reaction against the lie of romanticism and sentimentalism. Realism turned from an emphasis on the strange toward a faithful rendering of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really lived. It expresses the concern for commonplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience Local colorism乡土文学: as a trend became dominant in American literature in the 1860s and early 1870s，it is defined by Hamlin Garland as having such quality of texture and background that it could not have been written in any other place or by anyone else than a native stories of local colorism have a quality of circumstantial(详细的) authenticity(确实性), as local colorists tried to immortalize(使不朽) the distinctive natural, social and linguistic features. It is characteristic of vernacular(本国语) language and satirical(讽刺的) humor Naturalism自然主义: American naturalism was a new and harsher realism. American naturalism had been shaped by the war; by the social upheavals（剧变）that undermined the comforting faith of an earlier age. America’s literary naturalists dismissed the validity of comforting moral truths. They attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, presenting characters of low social and economic classes who were determined by their environment and heredity. Although naturalist literature described the world with sometimes brutal realism, it sometimes also aimed at bettering the world through social reform. Stream of consciousness意识流：It is one of the modern literary techniques. It is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them. It was first used in 1922 by the Irish novelist James Joyce. Those novels broke

摄像头常用术语介绍

摄像头常用术语介绍 智赛公司在培训的过程中，经常碰到业务员提到一些关于摄像头的术语，讲了几次还不知道是什么意思，而且还是英文的，今天我就给大家介绍一下在摄像头中常见的术语！并记录如下： 1. 像素大小(Pixel Size)︰指个别感应像素的实际尺寸大小，不论是长或宽，都以μm(Micrometer)为计量单位。像素愈大，则所需曝光成像时间较短，但却会牺牲些许空间分辨率。反之，像素愈小，则需较久的曝光成像时间，成像之后的影像分辨率，则较好。 2. AE(Auto Exposure)︰结合AGC及IRIS马达控制的使用，使摄影机能在很宽广的光线条件下使用。AGC能在很低亮度的条件下放大视讯信号，而IRIS能在高亮度下降低光线进入摄影机，马达光圈控制能被CCD IRIS控制所取代。 3. AGC (Automatic Gain Control)︰一种电路能自动地调整视讯信号的电子放大，来补偿因照明亮度位阶的改变。 4. Aspect Ratio︰表示影像的长宽比例，标准TV影像是4:3，宽视野是16:9。 5. ATW(Auto Tracking White Balance) ︰在ATW模式下，白平衡会依被照体的色温不同一直被连续调整。 6. Backlight Compensation︰在AE模式下的一种特别补偿功能。当背景太亮或是物体太暗时背光补偿功能就会去修改自动曝光的动作使得物体更清晰。 7. Bayonet Mount︰一种摄影机的mount，介于镜头后面mounting面和摄影机的CCD面的距离: 有38mm 或48mm。 8. C-mount︰一种摄影机的mount，在镜头后面mounting面到摄影机的CCD面距离为17.526mm是聚焦清楚的。 9. CCD (Charge Coupled Devices) ︰个别光感应组件(称为Pixels)组合成矩阵或线形式的半导体装置，光学镜头把影像聚在此Sensor上，每一个Pixels累积和光成正比的电荷，然后传送读出。输出矩阵大小是感光元矩阵的一半就是interlace模式CCD，如是相同大小就是Progressive Scan CCD。 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c413998793.html,D IRIS︰CCD Camera的电子快门的特别操作模式。快门Timing自动调整来维持相同视讯输出准位会降低摄影机Sensitivity。可使固定光圈镜头应用在光线变化环境下，常会和AGC功能一起使用。 11. EIA(Electronics Industries Association)︰黑白视讯标准，每个Frame有525条线及2个交错图场，每秒有30 Frames。NTSC的黑白版本常以RS-170 表示。 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c413998793.html,IR︰欧规黑白标准视讯信号，每个Frame有625条扫瞄线及2个交错图场，每秒有25

专利翻译常用术语和词汇

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various 翻译成“多种”可能比“各种”要好； 有些词的含义比较相似，但在翻译的时候，最好将其区分出来，以尽可能体现原文的信息量，这种区分在词义上可能意义不大，但在语义上还是有意义的，例如： 1、apparatus, means, device, equipment, facility, tool，对于这些词，可以选择下列的对应译文：器械，装置，设备，装备，机构，工具 2、memory, storage 存储器/存储设备 3、process, procedure,function, method 过程/进程，过程，函数/功能/方法，方法 4、time, interval, time interval, period, duration, cycle，如果这些词同时出现，在译文中需要体现出差别 5、estimate“估计”可能是比“估算”更好的 6、location, position, coordinate, place 地点，位置，坐标，地方 7、execute, perform, run, process 执行，表演/表现，运行，处理 8、power, energy, power source 功率，能量，功率源 9、direction, orentation 方向，朝向 10、part, section, partition 部分，段，分区 11、several, multiple, plural, a number of,some 若干，多个，复数个，大量，一些 12、read, read out 如果原文加以区分，译文也建议加以区分 13、architecture, structure, struct 架构/体系结构，结构 14、disk, optical disk, hard disk, magnetic disk 磁盘，光盘，硬盘 15、assignment, allocation, assign, allocate 分配，指派 16、schedule, arrange 调度，安排 17、diagram, figure, plot, illustration, chart, table 图表 18、feature, character 特点，特征 19、Include 包括，Comprise of 由...组成，分别对应开放式与封闭式定义 20、Part，(no)零部件，(yes)部件/零件，“零部件”是2个词，而Part是一个词，翻译时要准确对应

完全版英语词汇学名词解释_共6页

第一章word 1.Word --- A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic funtion. 第三章formation 1 1. Morpheme --- A morpheme is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words. 2. Allomorph --- Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to their position in a word. Such alternative morphs are know as allomorphs. 3. Free morphemes (Free root) --- They are morphemes which are independent of other morphemes. 4. Bound Morphemes --- They are morphemes which cannot occur as separate words. 5. Bound root --- A bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a free root. Unlike a free root, it is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words. 6. Affixes --- Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. 7. Inflectional affixes --- Affixes attaches to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as inflectional morphemes. 8. Derivational affixes --- Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. 9. Prefixes --- Prefixes are affixes that come before the word. 10. Suffixes --- suffixes are affixes that come after the word. 11. Roo t --- A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analysed without total loss of identity. 12. Stem --- a stem can be defined as a form to which affixes of any kind can be added. 第四章formation 2 1. Affixation --- affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. 2. Prefixation --- is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems. Suffixation--- is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems. 3. Compounding（Compositon）-- is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems. 4. Conversion-- is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. 5. Blending-- is the formation of new words by combined by parts of two words or a word plus a plus a part of another word. 6. Clipping- is the formation of new words by shortening a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remain instead.

美国文学名词解释

Allegory is a narrative that serves as an extended metaphor. Allegories are written in the form of fables, parables, poems, stories, and almost any other style or genre. The main purpose of an allegory is to tell a story that has characters, a setting, as well as other types of symbols, that have both literal and figurative meanings. One well-known example of an allegory is Dante’s The Divine Comedy.In Inferno, Dante is on a pilgrimage to try to understand his own life, but his character also represents every man who is in search of his purpose in the world. Alliteration is a pattern of sound that includes the repetition of consonant sounds. The repetition can be located at the beginning of successive words or inside the words. Poets often use alliteration to audibly represent the action that is taking place. Aside is an actor’s speech, directed to the audience, that is not supposed to be heard by other actors on stage. An aside is usually used to let the audience know what a character is about to do or what he or she is thinking. Asides are important because they increase an audience's involvement in a play by giving them vital information pertaining what is happening, both inside of a character's mind and in the plot of the play. Gothic is a literary style popular during the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th. This style usually portrayed fantastic tales dealing with horror, despair, the grotesque and other “dark” subjects. Gothic literature was named for the apparent influence of the dark gothic architecture of the period on the genre. Also, many of these Gothic tales took places in such “gothic” surroundings. Other times, this story of darkness may occur in a more everyday setting, such as the quaint house where the man goes mad fro m the "beating" of his guilt in Edgar Allan Poe's “The Tell-Tale Heart.”In essence, these stories were romances, largely due to their love of the imaginary over the logical, and were told from many different points of view. CATHARSIS is an emotional discharge that brings about a moral or spiritual renewal or welcome relief from tension and anxiety. According to Aristotle, catharsis is the marking feature and ultimate end of any tragic artistic work. IMAGERY: A common term of variable meaning, imagery includes the "mental pictures" that readers experience with a passage of literature. It signifies all the sensory perceptions referred to in a poem, whether by literal description, allusion, simile, or metaphor. Surrealism is an artistic movement doing away with the restrictions of realism and verisimilitude that might be imposed on an artist. In this movement, the artist sought to do away with conscious control and instead respond to the irrational urges of the subconscious mind. From this results the hallucinatory, bizarre, often nightmarish quality of surrealistic paintings and writings. Sample surrealist writers include Frank O'Hara, John Ashberry, and Franz Kafka.