文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 2018年高考全国卷1英语试题答案解析

2018年高考全国卷1英语试题答案解析

2018年高考全国卷1英语试题解析版阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

A Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours

Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.

Duration Tour

This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear!

Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour

Duration:3 hours (4 miles)

Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.

Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C.

Duration:3 hours

Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most ,interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour

Duration:3 hours(7miles)

Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.

21. Whichtour do you need to book in advance?

A. Cherry Blossom like Tour in Washington, D.C.

B. Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.

C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,

22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?

A. Meet famous people.

B. Go to a national park.

C. Visit well-known museums.

D. Enjoy interesting stories.

23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?

A. City maps.

B. Cameras.

C. Meals

D. Safety lights

【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D

【解析】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章介绍了骑自行车到Washington, D.C.旅游的四中路线的相关行程及注意事项。

21. 细节理解题。根据文章Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.中的Reserve your spot before availability可知,这个骑行项目需要提前预约。故选A。

22. 细节理解题。根据文章Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.中的Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks.可知,在这个活动中,你可以享受有趣的故事。故选D。

23. 细节理解题。根据文章Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour中的All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.可知,所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手电筒。故选D。

点睛:本篇文章最容易出错的题是21题,究其原因是不熟悉词汇reserve的词义:预约。in advance意为:提前。因此,高考前熟悉词汇和短语是重中之重的事情。Reserve your spot before availability — and the cherry blossoms — disappear在有效期和樱花消失前预约。

B

Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.

In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack,

"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food oursel ves. "

The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.

With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.

24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?

A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.

B. She has started a new programme.

C. She dislikes working early in the morning.

D. She has had a light budget for her family.

25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?

A. He buys cooking materials for her.

B. He prepares food for her kids.

C. He assists her in cooking matters.

D. He invites guest families for her.

26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?

A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.

B. Provide some advice for the readers.

C. Add some background information.

D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.

27. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart

B. Balancing Our Daily Diet

C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef

D. Cooking Well for Less

【答案】24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国系列电视节目,给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。

24. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段知道Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role可知,她开辟了一个新的节目。故选B。

25. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home

each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day.可知,Susanna 在Matt Tebbutt的帮助下,提供如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱。故选C。解题关键词:同义词表达with the help of和help。

26. 写作意图题。根据文章第四段中的which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.可知,Save Money: Good Food节目是Save Money: Good Health节目之后,给观众一些建议:如何从众多的市场上的健康产品中获取价值。故选C。

27. 主旨要义题。根据文章的整体内容可知,文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。根据文章中的prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. 在资金紧张的情况下,准备可口且有营养的饭菜;how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. 如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱;how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. 我们自己做这种食物有多便宜;less expensive but still tasty recipes.不贵可仍然可口的食谱。可以推知D正确。

点睛:本篇文章学生感到比较难的是26题,很多学生不知道作者在说什么,不明白作者的意图,感到很茫然。根据文章中的Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health,可知作者是为读者介绍了Save Money这个节目是怎么来的,即是背景信息。

C

Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated by

hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.

Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade,industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially glbalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English.Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.

At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.

Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.

28. What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?

A. They developed very fast.

B. They were large in number.

C. They had similar patters.

D. They were closely connected

29. Which of the following best explains"dominant " underlined in paragraph 2?

A. Complex.

B. Advanced.

C. Powerful.

D. Modem.

30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?

A. About 6 800

B. About 3 400

C. About 2.400

D. About 1-200

31. What is the min idea of the text?

A. New languages will be created.

B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages

C. Human development results in fewer languages

D. Geography determines language evolution.

【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. C

【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。28. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other... when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between

them.可知,当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人居住的时候,小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式。当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时,语言种类达到了12000种。由此推知,当时的语言种类很多。故选B。

29. 猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知,英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知dominant languages意为:强有力的语言。故选C。

30. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 可知,目前世界上大约有6800种语言,但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400.故选B。

31. 主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.可知,语言的产生和消失进行了几千年,但最近时代语言产生的少,消失的太多。故选C。

点睛:长难句解读

In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.

分析:and连接两个并列句,前面的介词短语in. . .作时间状语,all和前面的名词短语是同位语。

句意:在最近的几个世纪,贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和全球义务教育的蔓延,尤其是过去几十年来,全球化和更好的交流,这些都是导致许多语言消失的原因。而且像英语、西班牙语和汉语这些强大的语言正在不断地占据统治地位。

D

We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.

To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product

throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.

As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放)more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.

So what's the solution(解决方案)? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.

32. What does the author think of new devices?

A. They are environment-friendly.

B. They are no better than the old.

C. They cost more to use at home.

D. They go out of style quickly.

33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?

A. To reduce the cost of minerals.

B. To test the life cycle of a product.

C. To update consumers on new technology.

D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.

34. Which of the following uses the least energy?

A. The box-set TV.

B. The tablet.

C. The LCD TV.

D. The desktop computer.

35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?

A. Stop using them.

B. Take them apart.

C. Upgrade them.

D. Recycle them.

【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A

【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述了新旧电子设备的差别,旧电子设备耗能高,不环保。所以作者主张使用新电子设备。

32. 观点态度题。根据文章第一段中的That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.可知,使用旧的电子设备对环境和我们的钱包都是坏消息。这些过时的设备做相同的事情要消耗比新设备更多的能量。由此推知作者认为新电子设备环保、节能。故选A。

33. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life 可知,Babbitt’s team研究的目的是弄清楚这些设备用了多少电。故选D。

34. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.可知,平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备,可以降低44%的耗能。故选B。

35. 推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知,因为旧的电子设备耗能高,不环保。所以作者建议停止使用旧的电子设备。故选A。

点睛:熟悉比较句型是彻底理解本文的关键,也是解题的关键。本文中的比较句型:

1. That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the news ones that do the same things

做同样的事,旧的过时的装置比新装置消耗更多能源,对环境有害,浪费钱财。

2. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.

根据Babbitt团队的分析,旧的桌面监视器和阴极射线管箱式电视机是最差的电子设备,它们的耗能和温室气体的排放是1992到2007window的两倍还多。

3. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.他们发现在平板电脑上看的随需变化的娱乐节目比在电视和电脑上看耗能减少了44%。

第二节根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为

多余选项。

Color is fundamental in home design——something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of ho w to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?____36____, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.

Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.____37____, they can get a little complex .But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.

____38____. They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .

Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves ____39____. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.

The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are

significant.____40____.

A. While all of them are useful

B. Whatever you’re looking for

C. If you’re experimenting with a color

D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with

E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces

F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time

G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways

【答案】36. B37. A

38. D39. G

40. F

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。

36. 36题以逗号结尾,后面另起一个简单句,可以从句子结构排除D,E,F,G项。根据前文的三个问句可知,此处是从中选择一种。故选B(不管你寻找哪一种)。

37. 前文:在过去的许多年里,有许多技术帮助设计者实现这一要点;下文:它们有点复杂。所以A(然而他们都很有用)承上启下。符合题意。

38. 本空是一个主题句,总说选择小颜色是我们很熟悉的方法。后文分说小颜色的具体用途。故选D。

39. 根据前文“中型颜色选择通常是指一些例如沙发,餐桌或者书架等家具的颜色选择”接着表明这种范围的颜色选择是对小型颜色选择在两种方式上的进一步提示,故选G。

40. 前文the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant你所付诸的时间、精力和相关的费用是巨大的。后文F那肯定是值得的,因为你想第一次把它弄好。故选F。

点睛:关键词法解决阅读填空题是一种有效的方法。做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感,最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词,寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下,利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。

37题A选项中的them 指代上文中的different techniques 和下文中的they 指代内容相同。38题上一段末尾提到要介绍三种颜色选择,本段详细介绍第一种small color choice.选项和语段中都有关键词small color choice。

39题本段主要内容是medium color choice, 前半句承接上文中medium是small的升级,后半句引出下文的两种方式。关键词:two major ways和…and …。

第三部分语言知识运用

第一节完形填空

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

During my second year at the city college,I was told that the education department was offering a "free"course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits.I___41___the idea of taking the class because ,after all ,who doesn't want to___42___a few dollars?More than that, I'd always wanted to learn chess. And,even if I weren’t___43___enough about free credits,news about

our___44___was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster,which___45___I

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档