《比较文学概论》练习及答案1

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第一讲练习题

一、填空题

1. 比较文学是一种文学研究，它研究的的各种现象以及其间的各种关系。

2.研究一国之内的、和被称为国别文学研究.

3.总体文学研究超越国家、民族、语言界限的那些、、

和。

4.互证是以不同文学为例证，以达进一步的共识。

5.比较文学除研究文学间的种种现象之外，还研究等诸多方面的联系，这就是文学的。

6.文化发展是通过和两种作用来进行的。

7.文化转型是指在某一特时期内，文化发展明显产生，同时又进行急邃的。

8．20世纪后半叶，人类经历着认识论和方法论的重大转型，即在以外，也得到蓬勃发展。

9.如果没有不同文化间的、，我们的文化就会变成一片文化沙漠。

10.比较文学在与他种文学的交往中，以、、、

为己任，是沟通各民族文化的重要途径。

二、名词解释

1.文化转型时期

2.互证

3.横向开拓

三、简答题

1.什么是逻辑学范式？

2.什么是现象学范式？

3.文学研究的两种不同层次指的是什么？

4.简述文化霸权主义和文化割据主义。

5.文化转型的原因

四、论述题

谈谈对人类文化的多元发展的认识。

练习答案

一、填空题

1. 存在于不同文化中不同文学之间

2. 文学理论文学批评文学史

3. 文学运动文学题材文体和技巧

4. 寻求对某些共同问题的相同或不同的应合

5. 文学与艺术、社会科学、自然科学；跨学科研究

6. 认同离异

7. 危机和断裂重组和更新

8. 逻辑学范式现象学范式

9. 和而不同多元并存

10. 互为主观互为语境互相参照互相照亮

二、名词解释

1、文化转型：文化转型指在某一特定时期内，文化发展明显产生危机和断裂，同时又进行急遽的重组与更新。如西方的文艺复兴、中国的魏晋六朝和五四时期。

2、互证：是以不同文学为例证，寻求对某些共同问题的相同和不同的应和，以达到进一步的共识。

3、横向开拓：横向开拓是一种文化外求，外求的方向大致有三：一是外求于他种文化；二是外求于同一文化地区的边缘文化；三是外求于他种学科。

三、简答题

1、什么是逻辑学范式？教材第13页

2、什么是现象学范式？教材第13页

3、文学研究的两种不同层次指的是什么？教材第5页

4、简述文化霸权主义和文化割据主义。教材第15页

5、文化转型的原因教材第12页

四、论述题

谈谈对人类文化的多元发展的认识。

答题要点：1、文化差异是现阶段普遍存在的现实，正是这些差异赋予人类文化的多样性。2经济和科技的全球化为多元文化在各地区的广泛传播创造了最好的条件，但同时也蕴涵着以强势文化覆盖弱势文化，削弱多元文化的可能遏止文化霸权主义和文化割据主义危机的关健之一就在于沟通生活在不同文化中的人民，能过对话使他们能互相理解，互相尊重，以致互相欣赏。

3、文化多元发展会遇到种种阻碍和挫折，前景也并非乐观。

4、文学是可以沟通人的灵魂的，它是沟通不同文化的一个非常重要的方面。比较文学首先通过文学途径，以沟通不同文化的生命形式和不同的体验形式为已任。

5、在广阔的空间里让人们逐渐接近，了解不同文化对某一问题的不同看法，展开不同文化的对话，缓解文化霸权主义与文化割据主义的对立，彰显本民族的文化，发展世界文化的多样性

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