英国人文知识
人文知识选择题
1. _______ generates about two thirds of the Gross Domestic Product in Britain.
A. Textile Industry
B. Tourism
C. Auto-making Industry
D. Service Industry
1. D
英国的服务业（service trade ），特别是银行、保险和商务服务，占国内生产总值的最大比例，为三分之二。
2. Under Margaret Thatcher Britain experienced _______.
A. economic recession
B. economic expansion
C. economic decline
D. economic depression
2. B
撒切尔政府在英国推行的政策包括私有化、去监管化、减税、取消汇率管制、打击工会力量以及颂扬财富创造而非财富再分配。所以在这些政策之下，英国经济发展迅速。
3. Rolls-Royce is world famous for _______.
A. machine tools
B. household appliances
C. luxury automobiles
D. high-quality knives and hand tools
3. C
1906年劳斯莱斯（Rolls-Royce）在英国宣布正式成立，主营奢华轿车，是汽车王国雍荣高贵的唯一标志。无论劳斯莱斯的款式如何老旧，造价多么高昂，至今仍然没有挑战者。
4. The area between _______ and _______ is now often referred to as the “Silicon Glen”.
A. London, South Wales
B. the Oxford, the Cambridge
C. London, the Cambridge
D. Glasgow, Edinburgh
4. D
英国的“硅谷”（Silicon Glen ）指的是英国苏格兰高科技区，位于英国苏格兰中部地区，包括格拉斯哥、爱丁堡、史特灵、利维斯顿、邓迪等地。
5. Which area is called the Garden of England and is famous for beautiful blossoms in spring?
A. The county of Kent in southeastern England.
B. The county of East Sussex in southern England.
C. The county of West Sussex in southern England.
D. The county of Essex in eastern England.
5. A
肯特郡（The county of Kent ）被人们亲切地称为“英格兰的花园” ，这里的英国乡村风光——鲜花绽放的果园、雄伟的城堡和美丽的花园赋予它独特而不可抗拒的魅力。
6. Britain once imported chie? y _______ and exported mostly _______.
A. manufactured products, raw materials
B. foods, minerals
C. raw materials, manufactured products
D. minerals, foods
6. C
英国曾经被称为“世界工厂”。
7. Britain’s leading customers and suppliers are France, Germany and _______.
A. Japan
B. Belgium
C. the Netherlands
D. the United States
8. Britain is a member of the European Union, which was previously called
_______ and _______.
A. the World Trade Center, the Common Market
B. the Common Market, the European Economic Community
C. the European Community, the European Economic Community
D. the Common Market, the OPEC
9. The European Union (EU) is an organization of 15 _______ that promotes cooperation among
its members.
A. European countries
B. developed countries
C. Western European countries
D. Southern European countries
10. Headquarters of the European Union are in _______.
A. Paris, France
B. London, Britain
C. Berlin, Germany
D. Brussels, Belgium
11. Today, the City of London is the business center of London where _______ are located.
A. big supermarkets
B. theatres and cinemas
C. large ? nancial organizations
D. restaurants and cafes
12. What is Lloyd’s?
A. It is a famous bank.
B. It is a big department store.
C. It is a famous insurance company.
D. It is a large hotel.
13. The term “British Disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s economic _______.
A. in? ation
B. over-booming situation
C. decline
D. expansion
14. Which of the following is NOT a chief crop in Britain?
A. Wheat.
B. Barley.
C. Oats.
D. Rice.
15. British agriculture is highly mechanized, with _______ of the population managing _______ of the land area.
A. 10%, 70%
B. 5%, 60%
C. 3%, 70%
D. 4%, 6%
7. D
英国主要的贸易伙伴是法国、德国和美国。
8. B
英国于1973年加入共同市场（the Common Market ），后来共同市场于1976年更名为欧共体（the European Economic Community ），又于1993年更名为欧盟（the European Union ）。
9. C
欧盟是西欧国家共同建立和参与的地区性国际组织，用于促进欧洲地区各成员国的合作与发展。
10.D
欧盟总部设在比利时首都布鲁塞尔。
11.C
圣保罗大教堂东侧，有一块被称为“一平方英里”（Square Mile）的地方，这里聚集着数以百计的银行及其他金融机构，被看作是华尔街在伦敦的翻版，HSBC（汇丰银行），Barclays（巴克莱银行），Citibank（花旗银行）等金融机构在这里扎堆儿，因其金融机构密集，所以又称“金融城”。
12.C
Lloyd’s指的是英国劳埃德保险社。总部在伦敦，是伦敦著名的金融机构之一。
13.C
“英国病”指的是经济衰退。
14.D
英国的主要农作物包括小麦、大麦、燕麦、甜菜和土豆。
15.C
英国的农业机械化程度很高，人口中的3%经营着占总面积70%的土地。
1. Which of the following is wrong about the official title of the present British monarch Elizabeth II?
A. Head of the commonwealth.
B. Head of the Catholic Church.
C. Head of the executive, the legislature and the judiciary.
D. Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and her other realms and territories.
2. All British of? cial documents bear the initials _______.
A. OHMS which stands for On Her Majesty’s Service
B. OPMS which stands for On Prime Minister’s Service
C. OGS w hich stands for On God’s Service
D. OCS which stands for On the Cabinet’s Service
3. In Britain, a general election takes place at least every _______ years.
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
4. The supreme law-making authority in Britain is _______.
A. Parliament
B. Cabinet
C. Supreme Court
D. Queen
5. To its full sense, the British parliament consists of _______.
A. the House of the Lords and the House of Commons
B. the House and the Senate
C. the Queen and the House of Lords
D. the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons
6. The real and central power of the British parliament lies in the hand of
_______.
A. the House of the Lords
B. the House of the Commons
C. the Sovereign
D. two houses together
7. The real power of the House of Lords lies in _______.
A. helping to pass money bills
B. delaying bills
C. discussing bills
D. being Supreme Court
8. The executive power of the British government is in the hands of _______.
A. the Prime Minister
B. the House of Lords and the House of Commons
C. the Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister
D. the Queen
9. The two major parties governing the country by turns in Britain are _______.
A. the Labor Party and the Conservative Party
B. the Labor party and the Liberty Party
C. the Liberty Party and the Conservative Party
D. the Democratic Party and the Liberty Party
10. Prime Minister is not _______.
A. appointed by the queen
B. the minister for the civil service
C. a member of the House of Commons
D. elected every four years
11. People between the ages of _______ and 70 (65 in Scotland) whose names appear on the electoral register, with certain exceptions, are liable for jury service and their names are chosen at random.
A. 18
B. 19
C. 20
D. 21
12. Youth Courts try most cases involving people under _______.
A. 17
B. 18
C. 19
D. 20
13. No. 10 Downing Street is _______.
A. the of? ce of British navy
B. seat of English parliament
C. of? cial residence of the king or queen
D. of? cial residence of the prime minister
14. The metropolitan police force of London is under the direct control of
_______.
A. the Prime Minister
B. the Defense Minister
C. the Home Secretary
D. the Queen
15. The president of the lords in Britain is called _______.
A. Lord Chancellor
B. Speaker
C. Prime minister
D. Chairman
1. B
英国的君主伊丽莎白二世的全称是“Elizabeth the second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and her other realms and territories, Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith” ，意思为“上帝天佑，大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国以及其他领土和领地的女王，英联邦元首，国教的保护者伊丽莎白二世” ，英国的国教是英格兰教会（the Church of England），不是天主教会。
2. A
虽然君主只是国家的象征，并没有实权，但是为了继承传统，表达对君主的敬意以及体现其国家首领的地位，英国所有的官方文件上都印有“OHMS”的字样，表示On Her Maj’esty s Service。
3. C
英国的大选每5年一次。
4. A
英国政府实行行政、立法和司法三权分立，议会是最高立法机关。
5. D
英国国会是英国本土和海外领土的最高立法机关，英国国会的首领为英国君主（the Sovereign ），还包括上议院（the House of Lords ）和下议院（the House of Commons ）。
6. B
虽然君主（the Sovereign ）是国会的首领，但是没有实权，只是一个象征性的代表。上议院（the House of Lords ）议员大多沿袭世袭制传统，所以许多权力受到禁止或者限制。因此，国会的核心实权掌握在下议院（the House of Commons ）手中。
7. D
上议院也叫贵族院，是由神职贵族和世俗贵族组成的，多为世袭的成员。它的主要作用是用议员的丰富经验帮助立法。换言之，无选举权的上议院是修正议院，它补充而非反对由选举产生的下议院。上议院的真正权力不体现在立法上，而体现在司法上，因为上议院是英国的最高法院。
8. C
英国政府的行政权力集中在以首相为首的内阁。首相由国会提名，女王任命；各内阁大臣由首相提名，女王任命。
9. A
英国有很多政党，但是有两个主要的政党，即the Labor Party（工党）和the Conservative Party （保守党）。从1945年以来，两党一直轮流执政。在大选中获多数席位的政党组建政府，其领袖由君主任命为首相。获得第二多数席位的政党正式成为“反对党”，有自己的领袖和影子内阁。
10.D
英国政府实行议会制，议会下院占有多数席位的政党成为执政党。一般情况下，执政党的首领会自动成为首相人选，人选经国王或女王任命后正式成为首相。所以首相这个职位没有期限，只要其所在的政党保持执政党地位（赢得大选），他又继续担任本党首领，他就是首相人选。
11. A
英国的每个司法法庭都设有一个12人的陪审团，陪审团由平民组成，由法院在所有的适龄（18岁~70岁）合法选民中随机抽取，每个适龄合法选民都有参与司法陪审的义务。
12. B
青少年法庭主要受理18岁以下的青少年犯罪案件。
13. D
Downing Street（唐宁街）位于伦敦中部，唐宁街10号是英国首相的官邸，唐宁街11号是英国财政大臣的官邸，因此唐宁街常被作为英国政府的代名词。
14. C
整个英国的警力都由内政大臣（the Home Secretary ）掌控；其中，伦敦的警力直接由内政大臣调动。
15. A
英国大法官（Lord Chancellor ）在重大国务官员中排名第二，负责主持上议院的会议。
1. In history, Romans occupied Britain for about _______ years.
A. 700
B. 600
C. 500
D. 400
2. Which of the following tribes ? rst came to Britain?
A. Anglos.
B. Saxons.
C. Jutes.
D. Celts.
3. The three great Germanic tribes: the Anglos, the _______ and the Jutes, which invaded Britain, form the basis of the modern British people.
A. Saxons
B. Scots
C. Welsh
D. Essex
4. William won the Battle of Hastings. Later, on _______, he was crowned King of England.
A. Easter Day
B. St. Andrew’s Day
C. Christmas Day
D. Boxing Day
5. William, Duke of Normandy, is now known as _______.
A. William the Confessor
B. William Lion-Heart
C. the father of the British navy
D. William the Conqueror
6. Because of the _______ in 1066, a lot of French words entered into the English vocabulary.
A. Norman Conquest
B. Crusades
C. Invasion of the Vikings
D. Wars of the Roses
7. The Wars of Roses are fought between _______.
A. France and Britain
B. England and Scotland
C. England and Wales
D. two branches of the English royal family
8. During the reign of _______, England was separated from the Roman Empire religiously.
A. Henry VII
B. Henry VIII
C. Elizabeth I
D. James II
9. The legend of the Knights of the Round Table is always associated with
_______.
A. Alfred the Great
B. King Arthur
C. William the Conqueror
D. King Harold
10. The Great Charter (Magna Charter) was signed by _______ in 1215.
A. King Henry II
B. King John
C. King William
D. King Richard
11. _______ of 1215 was regarded as the basis of the modern English constitution.
A. Enclosure Acts
B. The Act of Union
C. Magna Charter
D. People’s Charter
12. During the 14th century, an epidemic named _______ spread over Europe and caused millions of deaths.
A. Black Death
B. Malaria
C. Rift Valley Fever
D. Scarlet Fever
13. The Black Death, which ravaged England in the 14th century, carried off _______.
A. 3/4 of the population
B. 1/4 of the population
C. 1/5 of the population
D. 1/2 of the population
14. Britain was once a (n) _______ country for a short period of time in its history under the lead of Oliver Cromwell.
A. Democratic
B. Commonwealth
C. Republic
D. United
15. The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English navy took place during _______.
A. The Civil Wars
B. The Victorian Age
C. The Elizabeth Age
D. The Glorious Revolution
16. Mary I is remembered less by her official title than the nickname “Bloody Mary” because ______.
A. she was a devout catholic and had a lot of Protestants burnt to death
B. she launched a series of wars
C. she showed no mercy to Catholics
D. she killed all her brothers and sisters in order to get the throne
17. Which of the following does NOT belong to the historical in? uence of the Bill of Rights?
A. It marks the replacement of the autocratic monarchy with a constitutional monarchy.
B. It marks the end of medieval period — the period of feudalism.
C. It marks the beginning of the modern period — the period of capitalism.
D. It marks the beginning of the English Renaissance.
18. _______ was the founder of the Plantagenet Dynasty and ruled England for
35 years.
A. Henry I
B. King Stephen
C. Henry II
D. Count of Anjou
19. During the reign of _______, Wales was brought under English rule.
A. Henry III
B. Edward I
C. Edward II
D. Edward III
20. _______ became the ? rst prince to hold the title of Prince of Wales, which continues to be borne by the eldest son of the reigning monarch.
A. Richard I
B. Henry III
C. Edward II
D. Edward III
21. The chief demand of the peasants during the Peasant Uprising of 1381 was _______.
A. the abolition of villeinage
B. the punishment of the King’s ministers
C. the increase of wages
D. the reform of the church
22. The name of Wars of the Roses was, in fact, coined by the great 19th century novelist _______.
A. Charles Dickens
B. George Elliot
C. Sir Walter Scott
D. Charlotte Bronte
23. _______ declared himself Supreme Head of the Church of England in 1535.
A. Henry VIII
B. Henry IV
C. Henry VII
D. Edward III
24. Mary died childless and her half-sister _______ came to the throne in 1558.
A. Ann
B. Victoria
C. Elizabeth
D. Catherine
25. In _______, a small group of Puritans sailed from Plymouth in the May? ower, and found New Plymouth in America, Britain’s ? rst settlement in the New World.
A. 1614
B. 1615
C. 1620
D. 1621
26. The Great Civil War, as it became known, was fought between _______.
A. Royolists and Parliamentarians
B. the House of Lancaster and the House of York
C. king and church
D. England and Scotland
27. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a commonwealth, ruled by Oliver Cromwell as _______.
A. President
B. Lord Protector
C. Lieutenant general
D. Commander of the new model army
28. The longest reign in British history was the monarch of _______, which lasted from 1837 to 1901.
A. Queen Elizabeth I
B. Queen Victoria
C. Queen Mary I
D. Henry VIII
29. An empire “on which the sun never sets” is a nickname of the Britain during the reign of _______.
A. Queen Elizabeth I
B. Queen Victoria
C. Queen Mary I
D. Henry VIII
30. The Whigs and the Tories originated from the Glorious Revolution became _______ in the mid-19th century.
A. the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party
B. the Labor Party and the Conservative Party
C. the Liberal Party and the Republican Party
D. the Labor Party and the Republican Party
31. Land Enclosure was a disaster for the _______ evicted from their land by the enclosures.
A. landlords
B. tenants
C. farmers
D. wage laborers
32. In Ireland and Scottish Highlands land enclosure led to mass emigration, particularly to _______.
A. Africa
B. Eastern Europe
C. Asia
D. the New World
33. In England no females were allowed to vote in national elections before
_______.
A. 1918
B. 1920
C. 1928
D. 1945
34. The Labor Party had its origins in the _______, which was formed in January, 1893.
A. Independent Labor Party
B. Grand National Consolidated Trade Union
C. Amalgamated Society of Engineers
D. Trade Union Congress
35. As a result of the First World War, the _______ was established in 1920.
A. League of Nations
B. British Commonwealth
C. British East India Company
D. United Nations
36. The British Empire ended in _______.
A. the 1920s
B. the 1930s
C. the 1940s
D. the 1950s
37. The Blitz radically changed th e face of London for the ? rst time since
____nearly 3 centuries earlier.
A. the Black Death
B. the Great Fire
C. the Civil War
D. the Great Plague
38. The joint communiqué issued by the US and British 1941 is _______.
A. the Teheran Declaration
B. the Atlantic Charter
C. the Potsdam Treaty
D. the Washington Declaration
39. In the 1960s Pop music underwent a revolution when the Beatles became world famous and turned their hometown of _______ into a place of pilgrimage.
A. Manchester
B. Blackpool
C. Liverpool
D. Shef? eld
40. Britain’s ?rst woman prime minister was _______.
A. Catherine
B. Elizabeth
C. Anne Boleyn
D. Margaret Thatcher
1. D
罗马于公元前55年入侵并占领大不列颠，直到公元410年日耳曼侵略者将他们赶走，共占领英国四百多年。
2.D
自公元前3000年起，伊比利亚人居住在不列颠岛上。公元前6世纪起，Celts开始侵犯并定居于不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛。在5世纪中叶，Jutes ，Saxons 和Anglos 赶走了Celts ，占领了英国。
3. A
公元450年，来自欧洲大陆的三个日耳曼族群（the Anglos, Saxons and Jutes ）入侵并占领不列颠岛，赶走Celts ，命名这片土地为the land of angles ，他们的语言就是angles language ，后来发展成为今天的English 。
4. C
1066年10月14 日，威廉在黑斯廷斯战役（Battle of Hastings ）中打败了哈罗德国王（King Harold ）。在不久之后的圣诞节，William被加冕为英格兰国王，俗称征服者威廉（William the Conqueror ）。
5.D
同上。
6.A
1066年的法国诺曼人入侵是英国历史上最著名的事件。诺曼人占领英国后，成为英国的统治阶级，因此法语也成了当时英国统治阶级的语言，该时期所有的国王都是以法语为母语的。直到后来，英国在历时100多年的英法战争中取得胜利，英语才重新获得了统治阶级语言的地位。但是，无数法语单词已经成为人们生活语言中不可缺少的一部分。
7. D
玫瑰战争是一场劳民伤财的为了争夺王位的王室内战。交战的双方是爱德华三世的子孙。他们为了争夺王位，分别以白玫瑰和红玫瑰为标志，展开了长达30年的自戕，激起了广大人民的不满。
8. B
英格兰教会原是罗马教皇旗下的一个分支，由于罗马教皇不同意亨利八世的离婚，亨利八世一怒之下宣布英格兰教会脱离罗马教会，并自封为英格兰教会的教皇。从此，英格兰国王成为世俗和宗教双重意义上的首脑。
9. B
亚瑟王（King Arthur ）是6世纪的英格兰国王，他和他的圆桌骑士的传奇经常被搬上银幕。圆桌后来也被人们借用以示平等；Alfred the Great （阿尔弗莱德大帝）是8世纪时打败丹麦入侵者，收拢seven kingdoms （七国），第一次统一英格兰的国王；William the Conqueror （征服者威廉）与King Harold （哈罗德）是诺曼底征服时对立双方的头领，William the Conqueror打败King Harold ，于1066年被加冕为英格兰国王，法式的封建君主制度在英国得以完全建立。
10. B
英国的《大宪章》是12 15年亨利二世国王的儿子King John在贵族和教士们的压力下签署的重要政治法律文件，该宪章的主要内容是保护贵族权力、限制王权，因此被认为是维护公民权利不受王权侵犯的重要文件。
11. C
Magna Charter，（1215年《大宪章》），其重大影响在于支持了与专制政府相对的个人权利，被后人看成是现代英国宪法的基础；The Act of Union （《联合法案》），是1707年统一英格兰和苏格兰的法案，标志着不列颠王国形成；Enclosure Acts是18世纪议会通过的《圈地法案》，这为资产阶级的发展准备了劳动力，实现了必要的资本积累；People’s Charter（1838年《人民宪章》），是宪章运动的纲领，宪章运动是19世纪中期的一场政治和社会运动，是世界上第一场大规模的工人运动，为工人阶级和普通人争取选举权，宪章中的要求后来基本都得以实现。
12. A
14世纪中期，一场鼠疫（也名Black Death ，黑死病，由老鼠身上的跳蚤传播）在欧洲蔓延，400万欧洲人口，有150万染病死亡，各国遭受巨大劳动力损失，劳动力的缺乏导致许多贵族从农耕业转向畜牧业，加上后来的农民起义，直接导致了中世纪农奴制的没落。Malaria是疟疾；Rift Valley Fever是裂谷热；Scarlet Fever是猩红热。
黑死病是人类历史上最严重的瘟疫之一，起源于亚洲西南部，约在十四世纪四十年代蔓延到欧洲。这场瘟疫造成全世界7500万人死亡，其中2500万为欧洲人。据估计，中世纪欧洲约有三分之一的人死于黑死病，英国有一半的人死于黑死病。
14. C
詹姆斯一世和查尔斯一世过于专权，引起议会不满，1642年，克伦威尔领导议会推翻了君主，于1653年建立了共和制政体，但共和国非常短命，只延续了7年，1660年便遭到解体，君主王朝复辟。
15. C
在16世纪以前，西班牙一直是海上霸王，其无敌舰队（Armada ）所向披靡，无往不胜。伊丽莎白一世统治时期，英国社会方方面面繁荣昌盛，军事力量也得到了增强，因为它是一个岛国，无需分散精力操练陆军，所以海军力量增长得十分迅速。在一次战斗中，英国海军在Sir Francis Drake的带领下打败了有着不败神话的西班牙无敌舰队，从此奠定了英国的海上霸主地位。
16. A
玛丽亚一世是一名狂热的天主教徒，在位期间，她将所有的非天主教徒都定义为异教徒并进行残酷迫害，其中尤以新教徒居多。因此，无数新教徒都被活活烧死，场面血腥至极。所以，后人都称她为“血腥玛丽亚”。
17. D
the Bill of Rights （《权利法案》）是光荣革命（The Glorious Revolution ）后议会为了避免出现詹姆斯一世和查尔斯一世时的君主专政统治，制定的一系列限制君主权力的法律条文，总称为《权利法案》。《权利法案》标志着君主专政的结束和君主立宪制的开始，同时也标志着英国封建制度的灭亡和资本主义阶段的开始。
English Renaissance是伊丽莎白时期的英国文艺复兴运动，时间不重叠，也非《权利法案》的意义。
亨利二世于1154年从斯帝芬国王（King Stephen ）那里继得王位，开启了金雀花王朝，此名来源于他的父亲安茹伯爵（Count of Anj ou ），安茹伯爵喜欢将金雀花戴在帽子上作装饰。
19. B
1284年，爱德华一世颁布the Statute of Wales （《威尔士法》），将威尔士收到英格兰旗下，并任命他新出生的儿子爱德华二世为威尔士亲王，这个传统被一直保持至今。
20. C
同上。
21. A
1381年，Wat Tyler （瓦特?泰勒）和Jack Straw （杰克?斯特劳）领导农民起义并占据了伦敦，他们要求国王废除隶农制，削减地租并准许农民自由进入各种市场和集
市（abolition of villeinage, reduction of rent, free access to all fairs and markets ）。
22. C
玫瑰战争（Wars of the Roses ）指英国兰卡斯特王朝（House of Lancaster ）和约克王朝（House of York ）的支持者之间为了英格兰王位的断续内战。玫瑰战争不是当时所用的名字，是19世纪英国文坛大师Sir Walter Scott （瓦尔特?司各特爵士）第一次使用“玫瑰战争”这个名字，它来源于两个皇族所选的家徽，兰卡斯特的红玫瑰和约克的白玫瑰。
23. A
亨利八世混乱的私生活引起了罗马教会的强烈不满，尤其是当他要求教皇批准离婚后，双方之间的冲突更加激烈。1535年，亨利八世不堪忍受教皇的限制，宣布英国脱离罗马教会，认定英格兰教会为英国的国教，并宣布自己为教会的首领。
伊丽莎白一世（Elizabeth I ），于1558年11月17 日至1603年3月24 日任英格兰王国和爱尔兰女王，是都铎王朝的第五位也是最后一位君主。她终身未嫁，因此被称为“童贞女王”。她即位时不但成功地保持了英格兰的统一，而且在经过近半个世纪的统治后，使英格兰成为欧洲最强大的国家之一。英格兰文化也在此期间达到了一个顶峰，涌现出了诸如莎士比亚、弗朗西斯?培根这样的著名人物。英国在北美的殖民地亦在此期间开始确立。这段时期在英国历史上被称为“伊丽莎白时期” ，亦称为“黄金时代”。
25. C
1620年，201名清教徒乘坐“五月花”号船从英国的Plymouth（普利茅斯）出发，前往美洲新大陆，并且在新大陆建立了第一个殖民地New Plymouth（新普利茅斯），这一批人成为后来美国人真正意义上的祖先。
26. A
内战是Royolists （保皇派）和Parliamentarians（议会派）之间的战争。
27. B
1649至1658年间，英格兰成立共和国，克伦威尔成为英格兰共和国的护国公。克伦威尔是国会议员，内战爆发后，他率兵打败了保皇党军队，处死了查理一世。1653年，他解散国会，自称护国公，成为英格兰共和国的首脑。
28. B
Queen Victoria（维多利亚女王）是英国历史上在位时间最长的君主，一方面源于英国世界第一的强大经济和军事地位，一方面也源于维多利亚女王本身非常虔诚和保守的生活方式。维多利亚时期，英国繁荣稳定，全民氛围积极乐观向上，是英国历史上最鼎盛的时期。
29. B