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杭州翻译公司英汉互译中国人最容易犯的错误

杭州翻译公司英汉互译中国人最容易犯的错误
杭州翻译公司英汉互译中国人最容易犯的错误

杭州翻译公司英汉互译中国人最容易犯的错误

著名翻译家奈达说,“翻译就是翻译意思”。言外之意,翻译一句话不能逐一翻译一串个别的单词,也不是翻译某种句子结构。初学翻译的人之所以译得不好,就是因为摆脱不了原文各个单词和句子结构的影响,总觉得英语中每一个词译成汉语都是一个词。殊不知,为了说明原文的意思,有时候要将一个词译成几个词,乃至一个短句。这就是翻译中对某些词的…增益?。

例如,英语中有些单词相当于汉语的一个词组:read“看书”,drive“开车”,giggle“咯咯地笑”,stumble“蹒跚而行”,等等。这些相对而言还比较简单,一般英汉词典上都能查得到。

再如,英语句子中有大量的“副词+动词”的结构(副词也可能在动词之后)。在不少情况下这种结构可以译成汉语“副词+动词”的偏正结构(汉语中副词修饰动词时只能放在动词之前),许多人往往用“……地”来译所有的英语副词,如:

(1)They were patiently listening to him. 他们在耐心地听他讲。

(2)He quickly stood up. 他很快地站起来。

(3)I will gladly join you in the work. 我会乐意地和你一起工作。

这三句中都用了“地”字结构,第一句还可以,后两句就显得有点“翻译腔”,“地”字似乎可以省去,可分别改译为:“他很快站起来”和“我乐意和你一起工作”。但是这三句中的副词和动词仍然译成了偏正结构,这是因为三句中的副词表示的是动作的方式。

但是,是不是英语中所有的这种结构都可以这么译呢?请大家考虑一下下面这一句应如何翻译:This is a NATO matter and any comment on it should appropriately come from NATO.

将appropriately come from NATO译成“合适地来自北约”显然不通。从意义上看,appropriately与其说是表示动作come的方式,还不如说是表示其结果,因此该词应抽出来放到后面,将此句译为:这是北约的问题,关于此问题的评论应由北约做出,这才是适宜的。

再请看下面这一句:

Law enforcement cannot responsibly stand aloof.

如将此句照字面译成“司法部门不能负责任地冷漠”会让人不知所云。问题在responsibly这个词的处理上,它也不表明动作的方式而是表示一种结果,因此可将此句译为:

司法部门对此不闻不问,那就是失责。

例如:

1. In the late 14th century, Marco Polo famously made his way along trade routes from Italy to China.

十四世纪后半叶,马可?波罗从意大利沿贸易通道来到中国,因而一举成名。

2. Their commander wisely judged to be safer in their works than in the field.

他们的指挥官认为留在战场上不如呆在工事里更安全,这是很明智的。

在翻译副词修饰形容词或另一个副词的结构时,有时也不能一概译成“……地”结构,而需要将该副词抽出来加以增益,才能说明其含义,如:

3. Chimpanzees are the animals closest biologically to humans.

从生物学角度看,大猩猩与人的关系最亲近。

4. Tami said it was possible, just statistically unlikely.

泰米说有这样的可能,但是从统计的角度来看又不太可能。

5. The second child she dreamed of might now be medically impossible.

她本来还想要一个孩子,从医学角度来看,现在是不可能了。

6. Only 18 percent are officially unemployed.

据官方统计,只有百分之十八的人是失业者。

7. Real-estate prices in downtown Manhattan looked prohibitively expensive.

市中心曼哈顿的房地产价格贵得使人望而生畏。

8. She was remarkably silent when the others all talked and laughed.

别人有说有笑时她却沉默不语,显得很突出。

9. It was a vast and treacherous landscape, but breath-takingly beautiful.

这是一片广阔而变幻莫测的景致,但却美得令人惊讶。

10. A schoolmaster, finding such errors in a schoolboy?s essay, would be justly indignant.

小学老师在学生的作文里发现这样的错误一定会生气,而生气不是没有道理的。

11. Voters were understandably confused by the identical Caser names on the ballot, and the split vote sent the real candidate Caser down to defeat in the primary.

选举人被选票上一模一样卡瑟的名字弄糊涂,因而选票分散,导致真正的候选人在初选时就落选,这是可以理解的。

有时候,形容词做定语或表语时,也无法用一个词将其意思充分表达出来,翻译这个形容词时也需要进行增益,如:

12. The sleek turbines of the American windmills made economic and ecological sense.

美国造了许多风力磨坊,这从经济和生态角度看是有道理的。

13. Now we stay a respectful distance him.

当然不能将a respectful distance译为“尊敬的距离”,应将这一句译成“我们对他敬而远之”。

14. He had a sound feeling that idioms were the backbone of a language and he was all for the racy phrases.

他感到习语是语言的主要支柱,因此特别主张用生动的短语,他的想法是很有道理的。

15. The prisoners of war are allowed to write censored letter.

战俘们可以写信,但信件要受到检查。

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总公司Head Office 分公司Branch Office 营业部Business Office 人事部Personnel Department 人力资源部Human Resources Department 总务部General Affairs Department 财务部General Accounting Department 销售部Sales Department 促销部Sales Promotion Department 国际部International Department 出口部Export Department 进口部Import Department 公共关系Public Relations Department 广告部Advertising Department 企划部Planning Department 产品开发部Product Development Department 研发部Research and Development Department(R&D) 秘书室Secretarial Pool GM(General Manager)总经理 VP(Vice President)副总裁 FVP(First Vice President)第一副总裁AVP(Assistant Vice President)副总裁助理CEO(Chief Executive Officer)首席执行官COO(Chief Operations Officer)首席运营官 CFO(Chief Financial Officer)首席财务官CIO(Chief Information Officer)首席信息官HRD(Human Resource Director)人力资源总监OD(Operations Director)运营总监 MD(Marketing Director)市场总监 OM(Operations Manager)运作经理 PM(Production Manager)生产经理

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A.孩子们总是喜欢调皮捣蛋寻开心。 43.War was avoided by a master stroke of statesmanship. B.由于运用了高超的政治策略,战争才得以避免。 44.The door opens, and who should enter but the very man we were talking of? A.门开了,谁想到走进来的正是我们方才谈论的人! 45.这些话,勾起他许多心事。他的````````子黯淡下来。C.These words awakened to him many memories of the past. Like the darkness pervading the room, his thoughts, too, grew somebre. 46.Few went out in such a cutting and blinding wind. C.寒风刺骨,刮得叫人睁不开眼睛。在这样恶劣的天气,很少有人出门。 47.She is a good washer. C.她洗衣服总是洗得很干净。 48.她没来开会,我们都觉得很遗憾。A.We all think it a pity that she didn’t show up at the meeting. 49.不错,有了自己的孩子使他们的造反冲动收敛了许多。C.True, parenthood has tamed their rebellious impulses. 50.我给你打国际直拨就跟给楼下的李姐打电话差不多,一拨就通。A.An international call to you is as easy as a call to Sister Li downstairs.

英文公司名称

公司名称的翻译 在翻译现代的公司名称时,英文中除了使用company和corporation外,也常使用其广义层面上的对应词,例如: agency公司,代理行,旅行社 store(s)百货公司 line(s)轮船(航空、航运等)公司企业 system广播(航空)公司 combine联合企业 associates联合公司 service(s)(服务)公司 office公司(多与head,home,branch连用) universal/central/general总公司 home/head office(国内)总公司 branch/office分公司 Co,Ltd有限责任公司 PLC(public limited company)股份有限公司 为了同国际接轨,便于识别,我们在这里特将世界各国常用的表示“公司”意义的缩略语介绍如下: AB—Aktiebolag股份公司,芬兰、瑞典 aG—euf Gegenseitigkeit相互投资(公司),德国 AG—Aktiengesellschaft股份公司,奥地利、德国、瑞士 A/L—Andelslag贸易公司,挪威 AO,a/o股份公司,俄罗斯 as—股份公司,捷克 A/S—Aksjeselskap股份公司,挪威 AS—Aktieselskab股份公司,丹麦 av—国营企业,匈牙利 BV—Besloten Vennootschap met beperkte Aanspr akelijkheid私人有限公司,股份不公 开公司,荷兰 C de RL—Compania de Responsabilidad Limitada有限责任公司,西班牙 CA—不记名股份公司,股份有限公司,委内瑞拉 Cia—公司,巴西、葡萄牙、西班牙、拉美 Cie—Compagnie公司,比利时、法国、卢森堡 Co—Company公司,爱尔兰、巴基斯坦、南非、英国、美国、津巴布韦Corp—corporation有限公司,美国 CV—Commanditaine Vennootschap合伙有限公司,荷兰 Edms BPk—Eigndoms Beperk资产有限公司,南非 Ets—Etalissement(s)企业,比利时、法国、卢森堡 Ges—Gesellschaft公司,奥地利、德国、瑞士 GmbH—Gesellschaft mit beschr nkterHaftung股份有限公司,奥地利、德国、瑞士HB—Handelsbolag贸易公司,瑞典

公司名称翻译中须注意的问题

近几年来,针对我国公司名称翻译中出现的口些问题,不少有识之士相继著文,辨是非、析原因、探正译,为实现译名的规范化和增强译名的可读性做了大量富有成效的工作。 不过,笔者在研读有关文献时也发现,部分文献在对某些问题的看法上仍有偏颇甚至错误的地方,有再商榷并加以澄清的必要。 一、以偏概全的问题——“公司”并非“不是company,就是corporation” 《企业名称的翻译问题》一文认为:“‘公司’的英语名称不是company(简缩词为Co. 〕,就是corporation(简缩同为Corp。)。”该文作者或许是为强调company与corporation乃“公司”的两个首选对应词才这么说的,但这样做毕竟有以偏概全和误导读者之赚。大家知道,在表示“公司”“及“企业”〕之义时,英文中除了使用company和corporation,也不时使用“公司’’广义上的对应词,诸如firm,house, business, concern, combine,Partnership, con1plex, group, consortium, establishment, venture, conglomerate,multinational,transnational等。就是在专有公司名称中,“公司”也决非只有company 与corporation之说,lines,agency等也是名正言顺的“公司”,有时甚至是前老所不能替代的“公司”。 具体说。 1.line(s):(轮船、航空、航运等)公司。例如: Atlantic Container Line 大西洋集装箱海运公司。 Hawaiian Air Lines,夏威夷航空公司 2.agency:公司,代理行。例如: The Austin Advertising Agency 奥斯汀广告公司China Ocean Shipping Agency 中国外轮代理公司 3.store(s) 百货公司。例如:Great Universal Store 大世界百货公司(英)Tesco Stores (Holdings)坦斯科百货公司(英〕 4. associates了(联合)公司。例如:British Nuclear Associates 英国核子联合公司 Subsea Equipment Associates Ltd.海底设备联合有限公司(英、法、美合办)5.system7(广播、航空等)公司。例如:Mutual Broadcasting System 相互广播公司(莫) Malaysian Airline Svqtpm Rhd. 马来西亚航空公司 6. office:公司,多与head,home branch等同连用。例如。 3M China Limited Guangzhou Branch Office 3M中国有限公司广州分公司 China Books Import and Export Corporation (Head Office)中国图书进出口总公司 7. service(s):(服务)公司。例如: Africa-New Zealand Service 非洲--新西兰眼务公司 Tropic Air Service* 特罗皮克航空公司此外,**change,center等词在特定的上下文中也可转义表示“公司”。例如: American Manufacturers Foreign Credit Insurance Exchange 美国制造商出口信用保险公司 Binks (Shanghai ) engineering Exhibition Center, Ltd. 宾克斯(上海)涂装工程设备展示有限公司值得一提的是,不仅“公司”的表达法多种多样,就是一些特定的公司往往也不止一种说法,例如,“联合公司”除了associates之说,另外还有以下各灵活表达法。 1. Consolidated coal Company 联合煤炭公司(美) 9. United Aircraft Corporation联合飞机公司(美) 2. Allied Food Industry Co.联合食品工业公司(新加坡) 4. Integrated oil Company联合石油公司 5. Federated Department Stores联合百货公司 6. Union Carbide Coronation联合碳比合物公司(美) 7。 Associated British Plectra Corporation英国联合影业公司

翻译公司收费标准

翻译公司收费标准 1.客户需要翻译的目标语言的普遍性和稀缺性可能导致非常 不同的费用。英语比较普遍,需求大,市场专业的英语翻译人 才也很多,翻译公司无论是从降价到抢占市场,还是成本核算 来考虑,英语收费都比较合理和透明。 其他诸如法语、德语、日语、俄语排在第二梯队,翻译公司收 费标准一般都是200-280元,视稿件专业度和数量略有调整; 意大利,西班牙,越南,泰文等东南亚语种已经接近稀有语 种了,翻译报价至少300元千字起。 2.根据翻译项目类型 常见的翻译方法主要包括翻译翻译、同声传译、本地翻译、口译翻译等,翻译项目自然是不同的收费。 3.根据翻译项目时长 这一时期的持续时间主要是指项目长度:同声传译、会议翻译、商务洽谈、双语主持人、口译、护送翻译、展览翻译,当然,视频翻译、音频翻译按时间计算的时间和会议类型是一个重要因素,是翻译时间决定翻译价格的一个重要因素。 4.根据翻译项目字数

翻译项目的字数是影响收费的重要因素之一,翻译字数主要对于笔译而言,例如:文件翻译、图书翻译、资料翻译、画册翻译等等,这些文件资料的字数决定了项目的翻译价格和翻译收费标准。 5.根据翻译项目语种 主流语种:英语、日语、韩语等和小语种:阿拉伯语、希腊语、印尼语等的翻译收费标准区别。我们知道:“物以稀为贵,”所以小语种的翻译报价会比主流语种收费要高的。 6.根据翻译项目难易程度 对于翻译公司来说,翻译费在很大程度上取决于翻译的难度程度,不同的行业术语不同,难度不同; 专业翻译公司将根据翻译人员的翻译水平、专业知识、翻译经验等方式来评价自己的翻译团队,高层次的翻译人员当然都是高收费; 如通用翻译、精细翻译、出版层次等不同类型的翻译报价不同,稿件的行业领域、材料难度、选择翻译类型等都是决定翻译公司收费标准的因素。

2015秋华师在线翻译

1.第1题 张先生腋下夹着一本字典,手里端着茶杯,一边踱着步一边哼着一首流行歌曲。 A.Mr. Zhang carried a dictionary under his arm, held a cup in his hand, paced and hummed a tune. B.With a dictionary under his arm and a cup in his hand, Mr. Zhang was humming a popular tune as he paced. C.With a dictionary under his arm and a tea cup in his hand, Mr. Zhang was pacing while he hummed a popular tune. 您的答案:B 题目分数:2 此题得分:2.0 2.第2题 俗话说,不怕不识货,就怕货比货。 A.Inferior goods can’t stand comparison, as the saying goes. B.As an old saying goes, we are not afraid that you do not know all about the goods but we are afraid that you compare the goods. C.As an old saying goes, don’t worry about not knowing about the goods; just compare and you will see which is better. 您的答案:A 题目分数:2 此题得分:2.0 3.第3题 大院周围,乱乱地戳着一幢幢茅棚土屋,风雪猛烈地冲撞着家家的破门烂窗。 A.Around the manor lay a wretched and confused mass of thatched huts, whose windows and doors rattled miserably in the snowstorm. B.Around the manor stood the wretched and confused mass of thatched huts. The snowstorm was blowing violently and rattled the broken windows and doors of every house. C.There was a wretched and confused mass of thatched huts around the manor. The snowstorm was roaring and rattling the broken windows and doors of every house.

各个国家的公司名称翻译及缩写

各个国家的公司名称翻译及缩写 SA系法语Societe Anonym、意大利语Societa Anonima和西班牙语Sociedad Anonima的简称,均译为“股份公司”。 交易国别是我国国际收支统计记录中一个重要的申报要素。在对交易对方和交易国别的核查过程中,我们发现很多国家和地区的收付款人(公司)名称中存在各式各样的表示企业类型的缩略语,比如:Co.Ltd、Corp.、S.A.、GmbH和BHD SDN等。经过调查,我们发现上述现象存在的主要原因主要是:(1)各国语言文字不同,同一词汇在不同的国家具有不同的称谓,比如,“公司”在英语里一般简称Co.、Inc.或Corp.,在瑞典语里的简称则是AB;(2)各国法律制度和使用习惯存在差异,导致一些国家和地区的企业名称比较独特,比如,新加坡法律规定私人企业名称中必须出现Pte.字样,而其他国家则绝少有此现象。由于有的缩略语为某个国家独有,有的则是同一语种国家和地区所共有。因此,我们能通过交易对方中的缩略语来排除掉或推定出某一笔国际收支交易的国别。 有鉴于此,我们以近两年全国部分地区的近20万条国际收支统计交易记录为索引,对我国主要贸易伙伴国的《公司法》、《投资法》进行了查阅和研究,梳理出许多在国际收支统计信息中出现频率较高、可用于国际收支交易国别判断的交易对方缩略语,现列举和剖译如下: 一、SDN BHD与马来西亚的关系 SDN系马来西亚语Sendirian的缩写,意即“私人”。BHD系Berhad的缩写,意为“公司”。 SDN BHD是指“私人有限公司”,单BHD一般指“公众有限公司”。 在马来西亚,企业一般注册为个人企业、合伙人企业或私人有限公司,其中以SDN BHD私人有限公司最为常见。如: CSP CORPORATION M ALAYSIABHD UNITED MS ELECTRICAL MFG(M) SDN BHD 除新加坡、文莱(马来语是两国正式语言)企业名称偶尔出现SDN BHD外,其他国家企业名称基本上没有SDN BHD字样,因此,如果交易对方中出现SDN BHD,而交易国别不是马来西亚,则基本上可认定交易国别有误。 二、GmbH是德语区国家除德国外还有奥地利、列支敦士登、瑞士、比利时和卢森堡 GmbH系德文Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung的缩写,等于英文中的Limited liability company,即“有限责任公司”。 有限责任公司为介于大型股份公司与小型合伙企业之间的企业形态,为目前德国采用最为广泛的企业形式。如: B.TEAM EDV.EDITION B.BREIDENSTEIN GMBH(德国) MESSE FRANKFURT MEDJEN UND SERVICE GMBH(德国) 此类公司形式主要是德语区存在,除德国外,将德语作为母语之一的还有奥地利、列支敦士登、瑞士、比利时和卢森堡,上述国家企业名称中都有可能出现GmbH。如:Hutchison 3G Austria GmbH即为地址在维也纳的奥地利企业。 因此,绝不可将交易对方中出现GMBH的交易记录一概认为是德国的。 三、AG(德国和瑞士)、S.A.(南欧、南美)

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