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北师大版-八年级英语下册知识要点

八年级下units 1-10知识点

Unit 1 Will people have robots?

1. see sb. do sth. 看见sb.做某事（的全过程）;see sb. doing sth. 看见sb.正在做某事（片断）

2.没有具体的数目用“hundreds of+名词（复数）”表示“数以百计的”

有具体的数目时，用“基数词+hundred+名词（复数）”，hundred后不能有s，也不能用介词 of。（类似的词还有thousands of; millions of）

3.一段时间 + from now （从现在起）…之后; from now on = in the future 今后

eg. twenty years from now 今后20年

4. 肯定句：I think (that)…. 否定句： I don’t think (that)….

一般疑问句：Do you think …? 特殊疑问句：What do you think…..?

5. study at home on computer

辨析：on，in和with.

on：表示使用通讯工具、信息或传媒，乘坐交通工具等；

in：使用语言文字等媒介； with：借助具体的手段或工具。

Eg. I don’t want to talk about it on the phone.

Can you speak it in English?

Don’t write it with a red pen.

3. Will people use money in 100 years?

“in+时间”结构常与一般将来时连用，对其进行提问时用特殊疑问词how soon.

4. before 可用于任何时态 ago 与过去时连用

5. fewer people 更少的人（fewer修饰名词复数，表示否定）

less free time 更少的空闲时间（less修饰不可数名词，表示否定）

6. in ten years 10年后（in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon）

7. live alone 单独居住；feel lonely 感到孤独（比较：live alone/go along等）

The girl walked alone along the street, but she didn’t feel lonely。

8. keep/feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪。

9. no more=not …anymore 不再（强调多次发生的动作不再发生）

no longer=not… any longer 不再（强调状态不再发生）

10.besides（除…之外还，包括）；except =but（除…之外，不包括）

11.be able to=can 能、会

（be able to用于各种时态，而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中；

12.have to用于各种时态，而must只能用于一般现在时态。

例如：1）I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. （不可以用can）

2） had to stay at home/ will have to （不可以用must）

13. over and over again 一次又一次 be in different shapes 形状不同

14. 形容词最高级表示“最。。。之一”时，可用“ one of the + 最高级+复数名词”

15.一般将来时的三种基本结构：

⑴ will +V. ⑵ be going to +V. ⑶ be + Ving

一般将来时的时间状语：in + 时间，in the future，next + 时间，

与tomorrow 相关的时间，this + 时间，from now on，right now，some day…

16. 比较be going to 与will:

a)be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。

如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.

b) be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.

c) be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.

d)在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如：

If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.

Unit 2 What should I do?

1.call up sb.“给某人打电话”（sb.是代词的话，代词放中间）

call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb.

2.borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借入某物（= borrow sb’s sth.）

borrow …from 从….借( 借进来) lend…to 把…借给（借出去）

You can keep the book for a week 你可以借这本书一周。（不用borrow或lend）

3.pay … for sth. 为某物付…（钱）

4.need to do sth. （某人）需要做某事

5.the same + n. + as…与…一样的

6.get on well with sb. 与某人相处融洽（get on =get along）

7.have a fight with sb. 与某人争吵,与某人打架 (=fight with sb. )

8. take part in 加入 (=jion)

9.plan sth. for sb. “为某人计划某事” plan to do sth. “计划做某事”

10.as much as possible 尽可能多的…

11.Sb. pay …for sth. 某人为某物花了…钱。

Sth. cost sb. …某物花了某人…钱。

Sb. spend … on sth. 某人花了…（时间、金钱）在某事上。

(in) doing sth. 某人花了…（时间、金钱）做某事。

It takes/took sb. … to do sth. 花了某人…（时间、金钱）做某事。

12. not … until 直到…才…（主句动词是短暂性动词）

until 一直到…（主句中使用延续性动词）

13. leave sth.（+in/at 地点）遗忘或落了某物（在某地）; forget 忘记某事

14.write sb a letter=write to sb. 给某人写信

15. be surprised at …对…感到吃惊; to one’s surprise使某人吃惊的是…..

surprise sb. 使某人吃惊（类似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人）have a surprise party 举办一个惊喜派对

16. argue with sb = have an argument with sb. 与某人争吵

17.return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb. 把某物归还给某人

18.enough money 足够的钱(enough修饰名词时不必后置)

busy enough 够忙 (enough修饰形容词或副词时必须后置)

19.a ticket to/for a ball game 一张球赛的门票

注意：the key to the lock/the key(answer)r to the question)/the solution to the problem .此处几个短语不能用of表示所有格

19.表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法:

be/become+ upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed (说明：当主语是某人时，注意后面的形容词一般是-ed结尾的单词，而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时，注意后面形容词一般是-ing结尾单词.）eg.I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news.

20.情态动词

a)情态动词没有人称和数的变化；

b)情态动词不能直接做谓语，必须和一个动词原形同时使用；

c)大多数情态动词没有时态的变化；d)情态动词加上be，通常表示猜测的语气。

Unit3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?

1. in front of ---- behide 在…的前面 ---- 在…的后面

in the front of ---- at the back of 在…的前部 ---- 在…的后部（包含在内）

2.follow sb. to do sth. 跟着某人做某事

3.shout at 训斥、责备; shout to 向…喊叫

4. What happen？发生什么事了？ happen = take place 发生

take place 发生（强调必然性）；happen to sth./sb. 发生（强调偶然性）

What has happened to you?=What’s the matter with you?=What’s wrong with you?

5.have fun doing sth 干某事有乐趣 have difficult time doing sth干某事有困难

6.have meaning to sb. 对sb.有意义（注意用介词to）

7.at the doctor’s “在诊所”在这里用名词所有格表示在那个地方

8.in the tree在树上（外物在树上） on the tree在树上（树上有的，如花，果子）

9.on Sunday evening 在星期日晚上

注意:（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、晚上用on）

10.过去进行时: ⑴用法：表示在过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。

⑵谓语结构：be ( was, were )+ Ving

⑶时间状语：at that time/moment; at + 点钟 + yesterday/last night

from +点钟 + to +点钟 + yesterday; this time yesterday ; just then when he came in, ….（when引导的时间状语从句是过去时，并且动词是短暂性动词时，主句使用过去进行时）

11．when与while都是从属连词，都有“当……时”的意思。

when 可与一个点的时间或表示一段的时间连用，从句动词可以是短暂性或延续性动词；

while 只指一段时间，不能指一点时间。因此while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。

Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.

1.be mad at sb.因为某事对某人发火（=get mad at/be angry with/be annoyed with）

2. pass ( on ) sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人; pass on （代词放中间）

3. be supposed to = should 应该

4.have a hard time with sth. 在某事上/做某事处境困难

doing sth.

5.true 符合客观事实的（人和事）；really 真实存在的（人和事）

6. both……and……两者都（谓语动词要注意对称原则）

neither….nor 两者都不（谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则）

7. most of+the+名词（复数）绝大多数（作主语）

most+名词（复数）大多数的（作名词的定语）

8.take\ leave a message 捎（留）个口信

9. 宾语从句

⑴引导词：that ——引导陈述句，在句中可省略；

if，whether ——引导一般疑问句，可相互替换（从句中出现or not时只能使用

whether）；

wh-，h- ——引导特殊疑问句。

⑵时态：注意：从句讲述的是客观真理时，不根据主句改变时态。

⑶语序：引导词后加陈述句语序

“主句 + 引导词 + 从句主语 + 从句谓语 + 其他”

Direct Speech and Reported Speech

直接引语变为间接引子变为宾语从句即可。以下是另需变化的两点

⑷人称和所有格：“一主，二宾，三不变”

⑸状语与动词的变化

Unit 5 If you go to the party，you’ll have a great time!

1.let sb. in/out/by 让某人进来/出去/过去

2.be late for 迟到

3.be sorry (that)…感到遗憾

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cd17558385.html,anize sth. for …为…组织某事

5.half (of) the class 半班

6. join = take part in 参加

7.take away…把…拿走、没收 bring sth. to …把某物带来…；

take sth. to …把某物带走….； take sth. from …从…把某物带走

8.be famous for…因…而出名 be famous as…因作为…而出名

9. make a living (by) doing sth. 做某事谋生

10. decide to do sth. 决定去做某事（= decide+that从句）

11. in order to do sth. 以便、为了

that + 目的状语从句 = so that

in order 整齐、有条理、正常

12.too much + 不可数名词 too many + 可数名词 much too + 形容词

13.against 反对、与…相反、与…对抗 argue against 抵制

14．条件状语从句由if或unless引导，表示如果有从句中的动作发生，就会有主句的动作发生。在条件状语从句中，主句是将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子时，从句要使用一般现在时表达将来的意思（即：主将从现）。

if：如果；unless：除非 = if… not…（从句中出现or not时只能使用whether）；

Eg. We will have a meeting tomorrow if Mr. Gao doesn’t leave for Shanghai. = We will have a meeting tomorrow unless Mr. Gao leaves for Shanghai.

本单元学习的是if 引导的条件状语从句。If是连词，所连接的句子叫条件状语从句，表示假设或条件，意思是“如果…的话”，用法如下：

1）、表示假设，表示将会发生和可能发生的事，或进行提醒警告。句子结构如下：If +句子（一般现在时），+主句（主语will/may/can) +动词）

a. If you finish your homework , you can go out and play.

b. If I have enough money next year , I will go to travel .

2. 表示真实条件、客观真理、自然现象、定理定义 . 民间谚语等，句型是：

If + 句子（一般现在时），+ 主句（一般现在时）.

例：If you study hard ,you are sure to succeed .

If you put ice in a warm place ,it turns into water .

If a glass falls on the floor, it usually breaks

If you cook a banana, it becomes very soft .

If a plant don’t get enough light ,it grows very tall and thin.

Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?

1. 现在完成进行时(1) 结构：have/has + been + V.ing.

(2) 用法：A).表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在且很有可能持续下去；

Eg. I’ve been doing the cleaning all this morning.

B).表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的某一动作刚刚结束；

Eg.You’re late again! I’ve been waiting here for an hour.

C).表示一个一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作。

Eg. I have been calling you several times in two days.

(3) 时间状语：all the time/this morning, since morning, all night, this week/month, recently 等

(4) 对现在完成进行时的时间状语进行提问时使用how long。

How long have you been skating?I’ve been skating since I was seven years old.

I’ve been skating for 5 years old.

2. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时区别：

现在完成进行时侧重于动作的持续、运行；而现在完成时强调动作的完成。如：

I have written a letter to my father.（到现在信已写完）我给我的父亲写了一封信。

I have been writing a letter to my father.（一直在写，现在还在写）我一直在给我的父亲写信。

再看：I wrote a letter to my father. 我给我的父亲写过一封信。

3. by the way 顺便说一下 on the way to.. 在…的路上

4. be interested in对…感兴趣 (take an interest in)

5. more than=ove超过

6. fly kites 放风筝

7.listen to music videos 听音乐碟片

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cd17558385.html,anize a talent show to raise money for charity 为慈善机构捐钱而举办的才艺展示

9.have problems with the language 语言方面有问题17.in Russian style 以俄罗斯的风格

10.the capital of Heilongjiang Province 黑龙江的省会

11.an interesting city with a colorful history 一个有着丰富多彩历史文化的有趣的城市 12.three and a half years =three years and a half 三年半

13.a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans 一双滑冰鞋/一双鞋/一副眼镜/一条裤子/牛仔裤

How much is a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?

= How much does a(this) pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost?

How much are the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?

= How much do the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost?

13.And although I live quite far from Beijing, I’m certain I will be here for the Olympic Games in 2008. 尽管我住得离北京很远，但我相信2008年奥运会我一定在这儿。(although=though,但不能与but连用； be certain=be sure 相信，确信。

14.the+比较级…, the+比较级…；比较级+and+比较级“越……,越…..”

Eg.The more you learn,the clever you are. He ran faster and faster.

15.Every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity.每位学生每

溜冰一个小时就

能为慈善事业筹到10元钱。

every 和each 都表示“每一个”，但every是指整体，each是指每个个体。

16. the whole five hours 整整五个小时 (whole前面要有the)

Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?

1. turn down/up 调小/大（音量）turn on/off 打开/关上（电源开关）

2. not at all 一点也不

3. right away = in a minute =at once=right now 立刻、马上

4. do/wash the dish 洗碗

5. get out of 出来

6.feed the dog 喂狗 keep the dog 养狗

7. put on 穿上（动作） wear 穿着（状态） dress sb. 为某人穿衣服

8. follow sb. around 跟在某人周围 follow….. to do……

9. get/be mad at sb.= get /be annoy with sb.= get/be angry sb. 对某人感到恼火

10. all the time 一直 11. complain about 抱怨…12 be polite to sb. 有礼貌地对某人13. try (not) to do sth. 尽力（不去）做某事14. must be 一定是 15. keep down 保持音量

16. seem like 看上去像… sound like 听起来像… feel like 感觉像… look like 说外貌

17. be allowed 被允许 allow …(not) to do sth.允许…（不）做某事

18. even if/though 尽管、即使19. take care = be careful =look/wacth out 小心

20. in public places 在公众场合 in public 公开地，当众地

21. put out 熄灭 22. drop litter 乱丢垃圾 23. pick up 捡起、拾

起

24.Would you mind turning down the music? 你介不介意把音乐声关小呢？

Would you mind (not) doing sth.? 你介不介意做（不做）…？

= Would/Could you please (not) do sth.? 请你做（不做）…好吗？

25. The pen you bought didn’t wor k.. = The pen you bought wasn’t broken. = There was something wrong with the pen you bought.= Something was wrong with the pen you bought. 你买的那把笔坏了。

26.stand to do sth. “忍受做某事”

27. This happens to me all the time in the school library. 在学校图书馆我一直碰上这种事。（ happen to sb. “发生在某人身上”）

28. Would you mind keeping your voice down? 你介不介意把音量放小呢？

voice: 名词，指说话和唱歌地嗓音； talk in a loud voice 高声交谈

noise: 名词，指人们不愿听到地噪音；

sound: 名词，泛指自然界一切可以听到的声音。

29.It’s better to do sth.=had better do sth.“最好做某事”（had better是情态动词）

Unit 8 Why don’t you get her a scarf?

1.get sb. sth.=get sth. to sb. 为某人买某物 (get=buy, buy…..for…)

2. have fun with sth. 做…有乐趣 have fun doing sth.

3. hear of 听说 (=hear about)

4. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事

5. make progress 取得进步

6. be able to = can 能够

7.from across China = from all over China 来自全中国

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cd17558385.html,pare with/to sth. …与…相比9. fall asleep 入睡（动作） be asleep 入睡（状态）

10. Why don’t you get her a scarf?为什么不给她买条围巾呢？ get sb. sth.

for …为了… 给某人买某物( = get sth. to sb. for… )注意：当sth. 是代词时，不可使用第二种用法。

11. That’s not interesting enough.那不够有趣。

enough有两种词性：当它用来修饰形容词、副词时，作为副词，应放在所修饰的词之后，

如上句；当它用来修饰名词时,应放在名词之后，如：I don’t have enough time to spend with her.

12. What a lucky guy! 幸运的家伙！=How lucky the guy is!

13. Now she’s too big to sleep in the house. 现在她太大了不能睡在屋子里。

too… to …：太…以致于不能…= so… that 主语can’t ….=not….enough to do….

e.g. He is too young to go to school. = He is so young that he can’t go to school.

= He isn’t old enough to go to school.= He is very young and he can’t go to school.

注意：too…to…是一个简单句，而so…that…是一个复合句。并且当复合句中的主句主语和从句主语不同时，在句型中要用for sb.来表述。如：

The digital camera is so expensive that we can’t buy it.= The digital camera is too expensive for us to buy.= The digital camera isn’t cheap enough for us to buy.= The digital ca mera is very expensive and we can’t buy it.

15. My shoes were really cheap. They only cost $5. 我的鞋子真的很便宜。只要花5美圆。

cost：花费（金钱）主语为物；

pay：花费（金钱）主语为人；（需和for连用）

take：：花费（时间、金钱）主语为物；

spend ：花费（时间、金钱）主语为人。（后有介词on 或动词的ing形式）

16.Why don’t you +V原…?= Why not +V原…?为什么不…..呢？

17.instead 为副词，在句首、句末独立作状语“相反”

instead of 为介词短语，后面接名词、代词、介词、动词-ing(=rather than，但是rather than前后的动词时态和人称是相一致的)

eg. I won’t go with him.I’ll go with you instead.= I’ll go with you instead of him.

Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?

1. hear of /about 听说 hear from 收到…的消息/来信

2. think about 考虑think of 想起；认为

3. take a ride 兜风

4. end up 结束

5.three quarters of 四分之三 eg. three fifths 五分之三

英语分数巧记 :英语分数不费事，母序子基四个字 ;分子若是大于一，分母还须加-s.

6.Have you ever been to a water park? 你曾经去过水上公园吗？

No, I haven’t.不，我没有。Me neither. = Neither/Nor have I. 我也没有。

这是一个否定的省略句。它的结构是“ Neither/Nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”。而用在肯定的省略句中时要使用so，它的结构是“So+ be动词/助动词/情态动词”。如：-- I paid 20 yuan for this book. -- So did I.

7. It’s just so much fun in Di sneyland. 迪斯尼乐园里有如此之多的乐趣。

More than three quarters of the population are Chinese. 超过四分之三的人是中国人。

8. This is because the island is so close to the equator. So you can choose to go whenever you like. 就因为这个岛是如此接近赤道。所以只要你愿意你任何时候都可以去。

9. 现在完成时 (1) 用法：动作到现在已经完成或刚刚完成; 过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的结果和影响；过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

(2) 基本结构：have/has + V.过去分词

(3) 时间状语：already, yet, just, ever, never, once, twice, so far, ever since, for a long time, for + 一段时间, since + 过去的时间点/过去时的从句，等。

(4) 注意事项: A. 现在完成时是现在的时态,重点表达目前的结果和状态;

B. 表示动作从过去开始持续到现在用for + 时间段, since +点时间连用。对for 与since短语提问用how long。

C. 现在完成时从不与when引起的疑问句联用。

D. have been to：去过… have gone to：去了… have been in：呆在…

E. 短暂性动词变为延续性动词：

borrow --- have kept make friends --- have been friends

join --- have been in / have member of become --- have been a member

have been get to know known come/go to do

--- have done

a cold --- have had a begin/start to do --- have

done

/ start --- have been enter / come / arrive / get to / reach

--- have been in/at

10. since，for在现在完成（进行）时中的用法差异

(1) since 后接过去的时间点或一般过去时的从句。

He has been an English teacher since three years ago.

We have known each other since we came to study in this university.

(2) for后接时间段。 He has lived here for three years.

11. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1990等。

而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如： He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里） He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在这里。（并不涉及他现在是否住在这里）

Unit 10 It’s a nice day, isn’t?

1. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事

2. look through 浏览

3.cross a busy street = go/walk across a busy street 穿过一条繁忙的街道（穿过表面）

go through 穿过（空间/房间/森林等） go past 经过/路过

4. think of 想起、认为

5. come along 出现，发生，跟着来

6. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好

7. get along/on … with sb.与某人相处的…

8. have a birthday party 举办一个生日聚会9. at least 至少（反义：at most）10. at the school dining room 在学校的餐厅里11. a thank-you note 感谢信

12.be careful （not） to do sth. 小心（不）做某事

13.feel like doing=want to do sth. 想做某事 like to do sth./like doing sth.

喜欢做某事

would like to do=want to do想要做某事 like sb. to do想要某人做某事feel like sth.觉得像….

14.I hope so. 我希望如此。so为代词，用来表示赞同前面所提及的内容。除了hope以外，还有think，believe，suppose，be afraid等，可与so连用。如：

Do you think it will rain this afternoon? 你认为下午会下雨吗？

I think/believe/suppose/hope/am afraid so. 我想/相信/猜/希望/恐怕会。

注意：用来表示不赞同前面所提及的内容，有两种不同的方法，不可混用。如：

I don’t think so. 我不这么想。I hope/suppose/am afraid not. 我希望/猜/恐怕不会这样。

15. Friends like you make it a lot easier to get along in a new place. 有像你这样的一些朋友，使得我在新的地方很快就适应了。

16.陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。例如：

Some plants never blown （开花）, do they ? 有些植物从不开花，对吗？

You have never been to Beijing, have you? ( never表达否定含义,后面用肯定) She has few friends, does she? (few表达否定含义,后面用肯定) Tom had little work to do, did he? (little表达否定含义,后面用肯定)

You can hardly do the work, can you? (hardly表达否定含义,后面用肯定)

Let’s go home, shall we?

Don’t be late again/Let us go home, will you?(祈使句用will you;但Let’s开头的用shall we)

17.反意疑问句:

（一）含义：当对所陈述的某种情况不确定而反问对方时，常用反意疑问句表达。

（二）反义疑问句的构成：“陈述句+简略疑问句”构成，一般分成两种情况：

1、前部分肯定陈述句+后部分否定疑问句；

2、前部分否定陈述句+后部分肯定疑问句；

（三）使用反意疑问句时的注意事项：

1、前后部分要在人称上保持一致；2.时态要保持一致（或动词要保持一致）

3.回答的一致性（和一般疑问句的回答一样，但要注意中文翻译）

——You aren’t a student,are you? 你不是学生，是吗？

——Yes,I am./No,I am not. 不，我是。/是的，我不是。

但也有一些反意疑问句的反意疑问部分比较特殊，它们有:

1. I am…, aren’t I?

2.祈使句…, will you?

3. Let us …, will you ?

4. Let’s …, shall we ?

等句式。在补写时，要多加小心，以免发生错误。

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Sarah won't e to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成：特殊疑问词+will+主语+…?What will Sarah do next Sunday? (二) should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。

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