英美文学练习题3

练习3

Blanks:

1.Before the civil war broke out, the various classes in England soon split up into

two camps led by __parliment___ and _king_____.

2.__ The Pilgrim Progress ______ gives a vivid and satirical description of Vanity

Fair which is the symbol of London at the time of Restoration.

3.____John Buyan_____ wrote his masterpiece The Pilgrim Progress during his

second imprisonment.

4.John Dryden wrote many works on literary criticism, and has been regarded as the

earliest literary critic of real importance in the history of English literature. The famous piece is An Essay of Dramatic Poetry. He has been called __father of ehglish prose__.

5.___All for Love_____ is Dryden’s tragedy based on the story of Antony and

Cleopatra under the influence of Shakespeare’s tragedy Antony and Cleopatra. 6.The __Enlightement movement______ was a progressive intellectual movement

throughout Western Europe in the 18th century.

7.The main literary stream of the 18th century was _realism______, what the writer

described were mainly social realities.

8.Generally speaking, English literature of the 18th century may be divided into

three periods. The first period was characterized by the neo-classicism, of which __Alexander pope___ was the representative poet.

9.__ Robert Burns _____ is undoubtedly the greatest poet Scotland has ever

produced. His Poem Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect is of great significance.

10._Jonathan swift ______ was the most remarkable satirist in the 18th century who

criticized the new bourgeois-aristocratic society of his age without mercy.

11.The enlighteners believed that reason should be the only basis of one’s thinking

and action. That is why the 18th century in England has been called __the age of reason______.

12.Alexander Pope’s __An Essay on criticism____ was a comprehensive study

theories of literary criticism.

13.The literary form of neo-classicism is of the strict symmetry. The prevailing genre

of neo-classical literature is _heroic couplet_______ which consists of two rhyming lines of iambic pentameter and the second line completes the thoughts expressed by the couplet.

14.___ An Essay on man_________ is Alexander Pope’s poem which indicates the

poet’s political and philosophical viewpoint. It deals with man’s relation to the universe, to society, to himself and to happiness.

15.__ An Essay on criticism _________was a manifesto of English neo-classicism in

which Alexander Pope put forward his aesthetic theories. It was a comprehensive study of theories of literary criticism.

16.As a poet, William Blake’s fame has been chiefly resting upon two volumes of

poems, __songs of innocence________ and The Songs of Experience.

17.Samuel Johnson compiled _a dictionary of the ehglish language_______ which

became the foundation of all the subsequent English dictionaries.

18.Lives of the Poets was one of __samuel johnson_______’s main works, which

consists of some of the best-known pictures of the early English poets.

19.Thomas Gray’s highly-praised poem __Elegy written _in a _country

churchyard____ shows the poet’s sympathy for the poor, and condemns the great ones who despise the poor and bring sufferings to the common people.

20.In the last twenty years of the 18th century, England produced two well-known

romantic poets. They are William Blake and __robert burns______.

21.__ robert burns _____ wrote some patriotic poems, in which he expressed his deep

love for his motherland, such as My Heart’s in the Highland.

22.Daniel Defoe’s masterpiece is ___Robinson Crusoe______.

23.Jonathan Swift’s masterpiece is __Gulliver’s Travels______.

24.In the first part of Robinson Crusoe, the hero saved a savage and named him

__Friday____.

25.The writer of The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling is _Henry Fielding______.

26.Henry Fielding’s masterpiece is __Tom Jones___, which gives us a vivid and

truthful panoramic picture of the 18th century England.

27.__Jonathan swift_______ ranks among the greatest satirists of England, and of the

world. A Modest Proposal is one of his satirical works.

28.In _songs of experience________, we find particularly Blake’s hate of the church

and the clergy. In the poem A Little Boy Lost, he attacks religious persecution.

T/F

1.With the establishment of the bourgeois dictatorship, CharlesⅡ(cromwell)

became the Protector of the English Commonwealth. F

2.The main literary form in literature of Revolution Period is drama (poetry). F

3.The Pilgrim’s Progress is one of the most popular pieces of Christian writing

produced during the Romantic(puritan) Age. F

4.Gulliver’s Travel(the pilgrim’s progress) gives a vivid and satirical picture of

Vanity Fir which is the symbol of London at the time of Restoration. F

5.In his An Essay of Dramatic Poetry, John Bunyan(john dryden) showed his

famous appreciation of Shakespeare. F

6.Dryden wrote about 27 plays. The famous one is Venus and Adonis(all for love), a

tragedy dealing with the same story as Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra. F

7.The main literary achievement of the 17th century lies in the poetry of John Milton,

in the prose writing of John Bunyan, and in the plays and literary criticism of Samuel Johnson(john dryden). F

8.The Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western

Europe in the 17(18)th century. F

9.Novel writing made a big advance in the 18th century. The main characters in the

novels were no longer common people(the kings and nobles), but the kings and nobles(common people). F

10.In the 18th century English literature, the representative writer of

pre-romanticism(neo-classicism) is Alexander Pope. F

11.The enlighteners intended to reform social life according to a more reasonable

principle, though this principle could never go beyond the limit of feuda(capital)l interests. F

12.Alexander Pope translated the entire Illiad and half of the Odyssey in blank

verse(herotic couplet). F

13.A Tale of a Tub (the battle of book)is mainly an attack on pedantry in the literary

world of the time, in which the reader is told the story of the Bee and Spider. F 14.In the last part of Gulliver’s Travels, the satire is of the bitterest. Gulliver was now

in a country where the Yahoos(horses) were possessed of reason, and were the governing class. F

15.Henry Fielding(johnthan swift) is a master satirist, and his irony is deadly. But his

satire is masked by an outward gravity, and apparent calmness conceals his bitter irony. This makes his satire all the more powerful, as shown in his A Modest Proposal. F

16.Robert Burns is remembered mainly for his songs written in the English(scotish)

dialect on a variety of subjects. F

17.Towards the end of 18th century, there were two best pre-romantic poets in English

literature. They were William Blake and Thomas Gray(robert burns). F

18.In the first part of Robinson Crusoe(gulliver’s travels), the hero is cast upon the

shore of the island of Lilliput. F

19.The Play(novel) Tom Jones is Henry Fielding’s masterpiece. F

20.My Heart’s in the Highland is one of the best known poems written by William

Blake(robert burns) in which he poured his unshakable love for his homeland. F Questions:

1.Make an introduction of The Pilgrim’s Progress.

2.Summarize the story of Gulliver’s Travels.

3.What are the features of Robert Burns’s poetry?

4.How much do you know about the Neoclassicism?

英语专业-英美文学试卷及答案-期末

英语专业-英美文学试卷及答案-期末

英美文学试卷A 共9页第 I. Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). (10 x 1’=10’) 1. ( ) Chaucer is the first English short-story teller and the founder of English poetry as well as the founder of English realism. His masterpiece The Canterbury tales contains 26 stories. 2. ( ) English Renaissance is an age of essay and drama. 3. ( ) The rise of the modern novel is closely related to the rise of the middle class and an urban life. 4. ( ) The French Revolution and the American War of Independence were two big influences that brought about the English Romantic Movement. 5. ( ) Charlotte’s novels are all about lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for life and love. Her novels are more or less based on her own experience and feelings and the life as she sees around. 6. ( ) The leading figures of the naturalism at the turn of 19th century are Thomas Hardy, John Galsworthy and Bernard Shaw. 7. ( ) Emily Dickinson is remembered as the “All American Writer”. 8. ( )The Civil War divides the American literature into romantic literature and realist literature. 9. ( ) Mark Twain is the first American writer to discover an American language and American consciousness.

英美文学选读-英国-新古典主义时期-练习题汇总

1. The 18th-century England is known as ( ) (浙0710) A. the Age of Puritanism B. the Age of Reason C. the Era of Capitalism D. the Age of Glory 2. English Enlighteners in the 18th century held ________ as the yardstick for the measurement of all human activities and relations. （一）1 A. property B. education C. emotion D. reason 3. In the Enlightenment Movement, the progressive representatives intended ______. (浙0810) A. to call the people to fight against poverty and hardship B. to tell people to economize and to accumulate wealth C. to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas D. to instruct people to obtain their present social status through hard work 4. As to education, the enlighteners thought that ______. （浙0310） A. human beings were limited, dualistic, imperfect, and not capable of rationality and perfection through education. B. universal education was unnecessary. C. if the common people were well educated, there would be great chance for a democratic and equal human society. D. most of the human beings were perfect themselves, so only a few needed further education. 5. Why did the enlighteners regard education the major means to improve the society and the people? ( ) (浙0710) A. Because most of the human beings were perfect themselves, so only a few needed further education. B. If the common people were well educated, there would be great chance for a democratic and equal human society. C. Because universal education was limited , dualistic, imperfect, and unnecessary. D. Because human beings were not capable of rationality and perfection through education. 6. About reason , the enlighteners thought _____. （浙0210） A. reason or rationality should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities B. reason couldn't lead to truth and justice C. superstition was above reason and rationality D. equality and science is contrary to reason and rationality 7. In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about the tendency of ( ) A. realism B. puritanism C. neoclassicism D. romanticism 8. Which of the following statements about Neo-Classicism and Enlightenment Movement is true? A. The Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the

英美文学 试卷

广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷 考试年度：20010年考试科目代码及名称：807-英美文学适用专业：050201-英语语言文学 [友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！] I. Define the following five terms. (25 points in all, 5 points for each) 1. Symbol 2. The English Renaissance 3. Naturalism 4. Romanticism 5. Transcendentalist Club II. Multiple choice. In this part, there are 20 statements or questions; in each of them, there are four choices marked by A), B), C), and D). Choose the ONE answer that is the most suitable to the statement or question. (20 points in all, 1 point for each) 1. Geoffrey Chaucer, the “___________” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London in or about the year 1340. A)Father of English literature B)founder of British literature C)Father of English poetry D) compiler of Canterbury Tales 2. Which of the following is not John Milton's works? A) Paradise Lost B) Paradise Regained C) Samson Agonistes D) Ulysses 3. “My Last Duchess” is a poem that best exemplifies Robert Browning?s ________. A) sensitive ear for the sounds of the English language B) excellent choice of words C) mastering of the metrical devices D) use of the dramatic monologue 4. Shakespeare?s four great tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, ______ and ______. A) King Lear…Romeo and Juliet B) King Lear…Macbeth C) King John…Julius Caesar D) King John…The Merchant of Venice 5. The greatest English critical realist novelist was ______ , who criticized the bourgeois civilization and showed the misery of the common people. A) Charles Dickens B) Emily Bronte C) W.M. Thackeray D) Charlotte Bronte 6. Richard Brinsley Sheridan?s famous comedy, ________ written in 1777, is considered his masterpiece.

《英美文学》练习题库及答案word文本

I Of the four alternative answer, choose the one that would best complete the statement: 1. Benjamin Franklin was born in the family of a small ______ . A. Landlord B. merchant C. lawyer D. clergyman 2. Ralph Waldo Emerson 'asdilneg reputation began with the publication of _____ . A. Essays B. Nature C. Oversoul D. Self-Relience 3. Ellen Poe was both a poet and a ___________________ . A. dramatist B. essayist C actor D. fiction writer. 4. Nathaniel Hawthorne 's view of man and human history originates in _____________ . A. Puritanism B. Socialism C. Transcendentalism D. naturalism 5. Walt Whitman was born and brought up in a family of a _________ . A. Peasant B. carpenter C. captain D. printer 6. Mark Twain 's first successful literary work is ________________________ . A. The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County B. Life on the Mississippi C. The Adventure of Tom Sawyer D. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 7. Closely related to Emily Dickinson 's religious poetry are her poems concerning ______________ A. Childhood B.youth and happiness C. loneliness D. death and immortality 8. Among the works of Dreiser, the bet known to the Chinese readers is ___________ . A. An American Tragedy B. Sister Carrie C. Th Financier D. The Titan 9. Robert Frost 's works mainly focus on the landscape and people in ______________ . A. the West B. American South C. New England D. Mississippi 10. Most of the plays Eugene O l w'roNt e ilare ____________________ . A. comedies B. . romances C. historical plays D tragedies 11. Scott Fitzgerald is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the _______________ . A. modern time B. young Americans C. Jazz Age D. Guilded Age 12. ________________________________ is Hemingway'smasterpiece, which is about the old fisherman Santiago and his losing battle with a giant marlin. A. Farewell to Arms B. For whom the Bell Tolls C. The Sun Also Rises D. The Old Man and The Sea 13. As a great fiction writer, William Faulker devotes most of his works to the description of the life and the people in the _________________ . A. American West B. New England in America C. American South D. American North 14. When he was young, Benjamin Franklin became an apprentice in a _______________ . A. printing house B. store C. Tailor 's shop D. factory

英美文学欣赏考题整理及答案

Part One：English Poetry 1.William Shakespeare Sonnet 18 ?Why does the poet compare `thee` to a summer?s day? And who could `thee` be? Because summer?s day and thee both represent beauty . thee could be beauty, love. ?What picture have you got of English summer, and could you explain why? Warm, beautiful, sunshine. Because summer is the best season of a year ,the most beautiful season. It is like our May. ?How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? Thee is more beautiful than summer. ?What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more fair than summer and immortal? Because humanism is more eternal than summer and immortal. ?What figures of speech are used in this poem? Simile, metaphor, personification, oxymoron and so on . ?What is the theme of the poem? Love conquers all, Beauty lives on. 2. Thomas Nashe Spring ?Read the poem carefully, pay attention to those image- bearing words, and see how many images the poet created in the poem and what sense impressions you can get from those images. There is “Blooms each thing, maids dance in a ring, the pretty birds do sing, the palm and may make country houses gay, Lambs frisk' and play, the shepherds pipe all day, And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay, The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet, Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit, In every street these tunes bur ears do greet!” The “Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit，”impressions me most because of the harmony of the people?s relationship. ?Can you point out and explain the sound and their musical effect in the poem? In the Poem, each section has four lines, each line has ten syllables ( five tone step ) . In order to give the reader a spring breeze , streams , flowers , winding , Song Xin texture of sound and light flavor, Naixi greater uses English word S , z , f , V , R , L , and θconsonants means. In Naixi's poem, the use of phonological is also very harmonious, very smooth , very mellow. Section I of the poetry has Three pairs [ ing ] , section II of the poem has three pairs [ ei ] and the third quarter has three pairs [ i : ]. 3.John Donne A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning ?What is a “valediction” any way? Is the speaker in the poem about to die? Why does the speaker forbid mourning? No, it is about the lover s?separation. As the poem metaphors, the poet believed he and his wife?s love is sacred, he didn?t hope they cry when separation comes, let their love be stained by the ordinary and mundane.

英美文学选读练习题

English Literature Questions on The Canterbury Tales 1. Lines 1-18 are the introduction to the weather. Why did the author write so many words to describe it? To answer why so many pilgrim go to the Canterbury at the same time. 2. Summarize the main idea of lines 19-34. A group of pilgrims came across at the Canterbury and go together. 3. How many people are there in the group of pilgrims? Thirty 4. Based on Prioress 's portrait, can you give a possible reason why she is undertaking this pilgrimage? She wants to look for the worldly love. 5. What details does the narrator use in describing the Prioress, and in what order? 1, Facial expression2,voice 3,etiquette 4 ，sympathy and charity 5 ，appearance 6，dress 7 ，personal accessories.. 6. Why does the Wife of Bath go on pilgrimage?

英美文学史及作品选读 复习题

1.Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period. A.Christian B.knightly C.Greek D.primitive 2. In The song of Beowulf , Beowulf fought against _______. A. Grendel B. a knight C. Hrothgar D. Sir Gawain 3. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___. A.Piers Plowman B.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C.Confessio Amantis D.The Canterbury Tales 4. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18? A.The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature. B.The speaker satirizes human vanity. C.The speaker praises the power of artistic creation. D.The speaker meditates on man's salvation. 5. John Milton was the writer of ______ A. Paradise lost B. The Pilgrims progress C. Tess D. Emma 6. The greatest of all English authors is _______ A. William Shakespeare B. Charles Dickens C, Thomas Hardy D. Robert Frost 7. Of all the 18thcentury novelists, _______ and Tobias Gorge Smollet may be regard as the real founders of the genre of the bourgeois realistic novel in England and Europe. A. Henry Fielding B. Daniel Defoe C. Joseph Addison D. Richard Steel 8. The most outstanding figure of English sentimentalism was _____ A. Henry Fielding B. Daniel Defoe C. Joseph Addison https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cd18600394.html,urence Sterne 9. The most outstanding figure of the epoch of Enlightenment in England was ______. A. Oliver Goldsmith B. Jonathan Swift c. Thomas Grey D. Richard Steel 10. Daniel Defoe was the writer of ______ A. Gulliver’s Travels B. Robinson Crusoe C. Jane Eyre D. A Modest Proposal 11. Gulliver’s Travels was written by ______. A. Laurence Sterne B. Daniel Defoe C. Jonathan Swift D. Oliver Goldsmith 12. Tom Jones was written by _____ A. Oliver Goldsmith B. Jonathan Swift c. Thomas Grey D. Henry Feilding 13. The songs of Innocence was written by ____ A. William Wordsworth B. William Blake C. Robert Burns D. J.Keats 14. With the publication of William Wordsworth’s _____ in collaboration with S.T. Colerige, romanticism began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature. A. The Cloud B. To a Sky-lark C. to Autumn D. Lyrical Ballads 15.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!” is an epigrammatic line by __. A.J.Keats B.W.Blake C.W.Wordsworth D.P.B.Shelley 16. ______ was Byron’s greatest work. A. Don Juan B.She Walks in Beauty C. Cain D. Manfred. 17.Ulysses (1922) is generally acknowledged to be ______’s masterpiece and a typical example of stream of consciousness technique. A. James Joyce B. Virginia Woolf C. D. h. Lawrence D. Charles Dickens 18. The Title Vanity Fair was borrowed by Thackeray from the_____ by Bunyan. A. Pilgrim’s Progress B. Canterbury Tales C. Paradise Lost D. Beowulf

英美文学史期末考试资料

Comment on Walden In 1845, Thoreau decided to conduct an experiment of self-sufficiency by building his own house on the shores of Walden Pond and living off the food he grew on his farm. He sought to reduce his physical needs to a minimum, in order to free himself for study, thought, and observation of nature, himself. Walden can be many things and can be read on more than one level. But it is, first and foremost, a book about man, what he is, and what he should be and must be. Considered one of the all-time great books, Walden is a record of Thoreau's two year experiment of living at Walden Pond. The writer's chief emphasis is on the simplifications and enjoyment of life now. It is regarded as 1. a nature book.2. a do-it-yourself guide to simple life. 3. a satirical criticism of modern life and living. 4. a belletristic achievement 5. a spiritual book. The Scarlet Letter Symbolic meaning of the letter “A” :1.The scarlet letter “A” is the central symbol of the novel. At the beginning it symbolized the sin of Hester—“adultery”, 2.then gradually when Hester became accepted by the community, it stands for Hester’s intelligence and diligence—“able”. 3.At the end of the novel the symbol has evolved to represent the high virtues of Hester Prynne—“angel”. Comments on The Scarlet Letter:1.The theme of the story should be the moral, emotional and psychological effects of the sin on people. 2.Scarlet Letter is a cultural allegory, in which the author indirectly tells the future of Puritanism.3.Scarlet Letter is a sample in which American Romanticism adapted itself to American Puritanism.(Because of the strong influence of Puritanism in American society, Hawthorne only expressed his ideas on the sin indirectly by employing symbolism.) Symbolism in the novel Moby Dick A. the voyage itself is a metaphor for “search and discovery, the search for the ultimate truth of experience.” B. the Pequod is the ship of the American soul and consciousness. C. Moby Dick is a symbol of evil to some, of goodness to others, and of both to still others. D. The whiteness of Moby Dick is a paradoxical color, signifying death and corruption as well as purity, innocence and youth; it represents the final mystery of the universe. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Setting: unpopulated wildness an a dense forest along Mississippi River Characters:1.Ignorant uneducated black slave Jim2.Uneducated outcast white boy Huck Finn。Theme: Huck’s inner waving struggle between what he was taught and what he thought out of good-heart and humanity.Its Features：1.Profound portrait of Huckleberry Finn 2.Magic power with language, the use of vernacular. 3. Humor In a Station of the Metro1 by Ezra Pound The apparition of these faces in the crowd: Petals on a wet, black bough. Note: 1。a Paris subway station Analysis of this poem The poem’s form is similar to Japanese haiku, with considering its title as a verse-line. The word “apparition” has double meaning:1. “appearance”, something which can be clearly observed;2. something which seems real but perhaps is not real; something ghostly which cannot be clearly observed. Petals may refer to the faces in the crowd, while bough may refer to the railway in the Metro.

英美文学选读试题详解4

英美文学选读-阶段测评4 成绩：30分 一、Multiple Choice 共40 题 题号: 1 本题分数:2.5 分 ( )is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th—century “stream—of—consciousness” novels and the founder of psychological realism. A、Theodore Dreiser B、William Faulkner C、Henry James D、Mark Twain (P498.para.2)亨利.詹姆斯是美国现实主义文学大师，他的作品往往涉及美国之外的主题，其作品的风格是“心理活动”。被誉为20世纪美国意识流文学的先驱。 标准答案：C 考生答案：D 本题得分：0 分 题号: 2 本题分数:2.5 分 Closely related to Dickinson’s religious poetry are her poems concerning( ),ranging over the physical as well as the psychological and emotional aspects of death. A、love and nature B、death and universe C、death and immortality D、family and happiness （P518para2）迪金森的诗歌涉及宗教和爱情两方面，而其涉及宗教的诗歌往往是以死亡和永恒为主题的，所以答案是C。 标准答案：C 考生答案：A

英美文学史及选读期末考试常用名词解释

1.Alliteration：Alliteration is the repetition of a speech sound in a sequence of nearby words. The term is usually applied only to consonants, and only when the recurrent sound begins a word or a stressed syllable within a word. In old English alliteration is the principle organizing device of the verse line. 2.Romance：Romance is a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventure of a noble hero. Romance was characteristic of the early feudal age, as it reflected the spirit of chivalry. The content of romance was usually about love, chivalry, and religion. 3.Soliloquy is a dramatic speech delivered by one character speaking aloud while under the impression of being alone. The soliloquist thus reveals his inner thoughts and feelings to the audience. It is also known as interior monologue. 4.sonnet: A sonnet is a short song in the original meaning of the word. Later it became a poem of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter with various rhyming schemes. 5.Conceit--- a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startling different things. A conceit may strike the readers weird at first glance, but proves appropriate in the end. 6.The name applied to an intellectual movement which developed in Western Europe during the seventeenth century and reached its height in the eighteenth. The common element was a trust in human reason as adequate to solve the crucial problems and to establish the essential norms in life, together with the belief that the application of reason was rapidly dissipating the remaining feudal traditions. It influenced lots of famous English writers especially those neoclassic writers, such as Alexander Pope, Samuel Johnson etc.. 7.Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It makes a transition from the medieval to the modern world. It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. The term Renaissance means rebirth or revival. The Renaissance period was marked by a reawakening of interest in learning, in the individual and in the world of nature. The revival of learning led scholars back to the culture of Greece and Rome. The rebirth of interest in the individual gave rise to a new appreciation of beauty, to a desire for self-expression in varied activities and to the creation of art. The renewal of curiosity about the nature word ultimately drew men to discover new lands and new scientific truths.