2017-2018学年高中英语Unit5Thepowerofnature课时跟踪练(一)WarmingUp

Unit 5 The power of nature课时跟踪练（一）Warming Up &

Reading-Pre reading

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

The US government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map. This map shows the chances of an earthquake in each part of the country. The areas of the map where earthquakes are most likely to occur are called earthquake belts. The government is spending a great deal of money and is working hard to help to discover the answers to these two

questions：

Can we predict earthquakes?

Can we control earthquakes?

To answer the first question, scientists are looking

very closely at the most active fault (断层) systems in the country, such as the San Andreas fault in California. A fault is a break between two sections of the earth's surface. These breaks between sections are the places where earthquakes occur. Scientists look at the faults for changes which might show that an earthquake was about to occur. But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes correctly. And the control of earthquakes is even farther away.

However, there have been some interesting developments in the field of controlling earthquakes. The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes. Here water was put into a layer of rocks 4,000 metres below the surface of the ground. Shortly after this injection (注射) of water, there was a small number of earthquakes. Scientists have decided that the water which was injected into the rocks worked like oil on each other.

When the water “oiled” the fault, the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was given out. Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes. They have realized that there is a connection between the injection of the water and the earthquake activity. They have suggested that it might be possible to use this knowledge to prevent very big, dangerous earthquakes, that is, scientists could inject some kind of fluid like water into faults and change one big earthquake into a number of small, harmless earthquakes.

语篇解读：为了提高人们对地震的防范意识，美国政府加大了在防震、预测方面的投入，

他们甚至在努力采取措施控制地震的发生。

1．Earthquakes belts are ________.

A．maps that show where earthquakes are likely to occur

B．zones with a high probability of earthquakes

C．breaks between two sections of the earth's surface

D．the two layers of earth along a fault

解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句可知，地震多发地带被称为earthquake belts。

2．The San Andreas fault is ________.

A．an active fault system

B．a place where earthquakes have been predicted correctly

C．a place where earthquakes have been controlled

D．at the foot of the Rocky Mountain

解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，该地区为地震比较活跃的地区。

3．What did scientists learn about earthquakes at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?

A．They occur at about 4,000 metres below ground level.

B．The injection of water into earthquake faults prevents earthquakes from occurring.

C．They are usually caused by the oil in the faults.

D．Harmful earthquakes could be prevented by causing harmless earthquakes.

解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段尾句可知。

4．What can be said about the experiments at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?

A．They have no practical value in earthquake prevention.

B．They may have practical value in earthquake prevention.

C．They are certain to have practical value in earthquake prevention.

D．Nothing is told about their practical value in earthquake prevention.

解析：选B 推理判断题。根据科学家的试验，通过向断裂带注水可以引发小地震，从而使地震的能量得到释放，因此也就降低了大地震爆发的可能。

B

There are over 500 known active volcanoes in the world and thousands of extinct volcanoes. Volcanoes are found on every continent except Australia. There are about 80 active volcanoes under the oceans. Volcanoes are both terrifying and fascinating. In order to understand why volcanic eruptions happen, it is necessary to know some things about how the Earth is made.

The part of the Earth we live on is an 18-mile-thick layer of solid rock called the crust. Beneath the crust is a layer called the mantle (地幔), it is hot enough to melt some of the rock, creating magma (岩浆).

When the magma finds cracks in the Earth's crust, it rises up. Gas bubbles (气泡) inside the magma grow bigger and try to escape as the molten rock gets closer to the Earth's surface. When the gas bubbles can't be held back any longer, the volcano erupts. Imagine shaking a soda bottle until the gas inside blows the cap off, and you can understand something of how a volcano erupts. If the magma is runny, and the gas can escape easily, the eruption is gentle. But if the magma is thick, the gas has to build up more pressure to escape. Then the eruption is explosive.

When a volcano erupts, the molten rock that flows from it is called lava. The lava may run for some distance, or it may pile up near the volcano, making the mountain larger.

During an explosive eruption, pieces of rock are thrown from the volcano. Scientists call these pyroclasts (火山碎屑). The smallest pyroclasts are called ash. Ash is often thrown into the atmosphere by the force of the eruption. Larger rocks, about walnut (胡桃) size, are called lapilli, Italian for “little stones”. The largest pyroclasts are called blocks if they are solid, or bombs if they are molten.

Volcanoes have been a major force in the formation of our planet for thousands and thousands of years. Today geologists continually observe active volcanoes for signs of eruption. Using modern instruments, they are usually able to issue a warning before the volcano erupts.

语篇解读：本文向我们介绍了火山的一些基本知识。

5．The author explains how the volcano erupts by ________.

A．making a comparison B．telling a story

C．using figures D．asking questions

解析：选A 写作手法题。根据第三段“Imagine shaking a soda bottle until the gas inside blows the cap off, and you can understand something of how a volcano erupts.”可知，作者在说明火山怎样喷发时打了一个比方。

6．Whether the eruption is explosive depends on ________.

A．the temperature of the crust

B．whether the magma is thick

C．whether the magma is near the mantle

D．the number of gas bubbles inside the magma

解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段末三句“If the magma is runny ... Then the eruption is explosive.”可知，火山喷发是否是爆发性的，取决于岩浆是否黏稠。其中的runny的意思是“松软的，有流动倾向的”。

7．We learn from Paragraph 5 that ________.

A．ash is smaller than pyroclasts

B．bombs are about walnut size

C．blocks are larger than lapilli

D．lapilli exist in the atmosphere

解析：选C细节理解题。根据第五段“The largest pyroclasts are called blocks ...”可知，block是最大的火山碎屑，故选C项。

8．The passage is most probably taken from ________.

A．National Geographic B．Entertainment Weekly

C．Health D．TV Guide

解析：选A 文章出处题。该文介绍了火山的一些常识，最有可能从关于地理方面的杂志中摘选，故A项为正确答案。

C

Seeing a volcano erupt is a wonderful experience, and you can really feel the heat by climbing to the summit (山顶) of Pacaya for a close-up view. There are guided tours every day up this highly active volcano from Antigua,

giving travelers a chance to see Mother Nature at her most

powerful.

Pacaya is an easy drive from Antigua, a beautiful city

with many colorful houses along its old streets that are

turned into art-works during its Ho ly Week Festival. No matter when you come to Antigua, you won't miss the Pacaya-tour companies.

But climbing Pacaya is no easy job: it is 2,560 metres high, and reaching the summit takes two to three hours of seemingly one-step-forward and two-step-back movements. As you climb, you hear the dull sounds of eruptions high above. Steaming, hot remains from recent eruptions begin to line the path as you near the active summit：the McKenney Cone (火山锥). Just as though you are going to walk over to the edge of the cone, the road turns to the left and up to the relative safety of the old, inactive summit.

Many tours are timed so that you arrive at the cone of the volcano in plenty

of time for sunset and the full contrast between the erupting red lava and the darkening sky. On a good day the view from the summit is extremely exciting. The active mouth boils, sending red lava over its sides, and once in a while shoots hot streams up to 100 metres into the air. There is a strong bad smell in the air even if you take care to be upwind of the cone. As evening turns deeper into the night, the burning lava quietly falls down the side of the volcano. For you, too, it is time to get down.

语篇解读：红色的熔岩从火山口喷薄而出冲向百米高空，与黑色的天幕相映生辉，来自大自然的力量令游客叹为观止，流连忘返。

9．What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To attract tourists to Pacaya.

B．To describe the beauty of Pacaya.

C．To introduce guided tours to Pacaya.

D．To explain the power of nature at Pacaya.

解析：选A 写作意图题。B项描述Pacaya之美；C项介绍去Pacaya的旅行；D项解释Pacaya大自然的力量。这三项本文都是点到为止，其最终目的是想吸引游客去Pacaya。

10．Antigua is an island ________.

A．where people can enjoy cultural festival

B．where the daring Pacaya tour starts

C．that gives a close-up view of Pacaya

D．that is famous for its tour companies

解析：选B 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“No matter when you come to Antigua, you won't miss the Pacaya-tour companies.”可知，这里是冒险之游的起点。

11．Climbing to the McKenney Cone, people will ________.

A．walk directly to the active summit

B．hear the continuous loud noise from above

C．make greater efforts than to other summits

D．see a path lined with remains of earlier eruptions

解析：选 D 细节理解题。由第三段第三句“Steaming, hot remains from recent eruptions begin to line the path as you near the active summit”可知D项正确。

12．Many tours are timed for people to ________.

A．get down the mountain in time when night falls

B．avoid the smell from the upwind direction of the cone

C．enjoy the fantastic eruption against the darkening sky

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