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高三《生物进化》专题复习一、现代生物进化理论的由来

A拉马克的进化学说

1.主要内容

2.意义

3.局限性

B达尔文的自然选择学说

1.主要内容4点及之间关系：

2.意义3点

3.局限性3点

4.达尔文以后进化理论的发展

二、现代生物进化理论的3点内容

A种群基因频率改变与生物进化

1.种群的定义

2.种群的特点

3.基因库定义及特点是

4.基因频率的定义

5.影响基因频率的因素

6.基因频率的4种计算类型

7.哈代温伯格定律的5个条件和内容、公式

8.基因频率和进化关系

B突变和基因重组产生生物进化的原材料

1.变异分类（生物种类不同有别）

2.有害性与否的决定因素

3.变异、进化方向及和环境三者之间的关系

C自然选择决定生物进化方向

自然先择----种群的基因频率定向变化----生物朝一定方向进化D隔离与物种的形成

1.物种的定义

2.判断物种标志

3.生殖隔离的方式

4.物种和种群的区别联系图解

5.物种形成的2种方式

渐变式同一物种--地理隔离--多个小种群--突变、重组、漂变、自选--亚种--基因库差异--生殖隔离--不同物种

爆发式自然条件下染色体加倍，新物种，不要地理隔离

注意：

地理隔离是量变阶段，只有它可形亚种

基因频率和进化及物种形成的关系

物种形成和生物类型、及生态系统的稳定性和自我调节能力关系

三、共同进化与生物多样性形成

1、共同进化实例

兰花的哦类的关系

猎豹和斑马的关系，这个关系中什么样的个体易存活？

捕食者有存在对被捕食者有何影响？

“精明的捕食者”策对人类利用姿源有什么启示？

2.共同进化的定义

不同生物之间关系、生物和环境之间关系

3.共同进化的原因

4.共同进化结果

5.生物多样性的形成

多样性包括的内容

多样性形成的过程--进化结果

6.思考题：

最早出现生物厌氧单细胞生物，生活在海洋

多细胞出现古生代寒武纪海洋

最早登陆是植物，为动物提供食物场所

寒武纪生态系统是荒漠陆地，三级生态系统

7.生物进化历程

细胞结构：生殖方式：生物结构复杂性：

环境：代谢：

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