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2014年山东大学英语语言文学招收攻读博士研究生入学考试真题,真题解析,复试真题,考博经验,真题笔记

考博详解与指导

题为英语语言文学下的翻译

上午为翻译理论：

1，Describe your understanding of“Translation norms”

2，Describe the linguistic approaches to translation studies

3，Describe the relationship between translation criticism and translation studies

4，Describe your understanding of descriptive translation studies

下午为经典作品翻译和译本赏析

Passage one汉译英

枯叶蝴蝶

峨眉山下，伏虎寺旁，有一种蝴蝶，比最美丽的蝴蝶还要美丽些，是峨眉山最珍贵的特产之一。〃当它阖②起两张翅膀的时候，像生长在树枝上的一张干枯了的树叶。谁也不去注意它，谁也不会瞧它一眼。

它收敛了它的花纹、图案，隐藏了它的粉墨、彩色，逸出了繁华的花丛，停止它翱翔的姿态，变成了一张憔悴的，干枯了的，甚至不是枯黄的，而是枯槁③的，如同死灰颜色的枯叶。

它这样伪装，是为了保护自己。但是它还是逃不脱被捕捉的命运。不仅因为它的美丽，更因为它那用来隐蔽它的美丽的枯槁与憔悴。

它以为它这样做可以保护自己，殊不知它这样做更教人去搜捕它。有一种生物比它还聪明，这种生物的特技之一是装假作伪，因此装假作伪这一种行径是瞒不过这种生物——人的。

人把它捕捉，将它制成标本，作为一种商品去出售，价钱越来越高。最后几乎把它捕捉得再也没有了。这一生物品种快要绝种了。

到这时候，国家才下令禁止捕捉枯叶蝶。但是，已经来不及了。国家的禁止更增加了它的身价。枯叶蝶真是因此而要绝对的绝灭了。我们既然有一对美丽的和真理的翅膀，我们永远也不愿意阖上它们。做什么要装模作样，化为一只枯叶蝶，最后也还是被售，反而不如那翅膀两面都光彩夺目的蝴蝶到处飞翔，被捕捉而又生生不息。

我要我的翅膀两面都光彩夺目。

我愿这自然界的一切都显出它们的真相。

Passage Two为汉译英

宰予昼寝。子曰：“朽木不可雕也，粪土之墙不可圬①也！于予与②何诛③？”子曰：“始吾于人也，听其言而信其行；今吾于人也，听其言而观其行。于予与改是⑤。”

II，长篇翻译，奥巴马胜选演讲英译汉

If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible;who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time;who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.

It’s the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen;by people who waited three hours and four hours,many for the very first time in their lives,because they believed that this time must be different;that their voice could be that difference.

It’s the answer spoken by young and old,rich and poor,Democrat and Republican,black,white,Latino, Asian,Native American,gay,straight,disabled and not disabled–Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been a collection of Red States and Blue States:we are,and always will be,the United States of America.

It’s the answer that led those who have been told for so long by so many to be cynical,and fearful,and doubtful of what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.

It’s been a long time coming,but tonight,because of what we did on this day,in this election,at this defining moment,change has come to America.

I just received a very gracious call from Senator McCain.He fought long and hard in this campaign,and he’s fought even longer and harder for the country he loves.He has endured sacrifices for America that most of us cannot begin to imagine,and we are better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader.I congratulate him and Governor Palin for all they have achieved,and I look forward to working with them to renew this nation’s promise in the months ahead.

I want to thank my partner in this journey,a man who campaigned from his heart and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode with on that train home to Delaware,the Vice President-elect of the United States,Joe Biden.

I would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last sixteen years,the rock of our family and the love of my life,our nation’s next First Lady,Michelle Obama.Sasha and Malia,I love you both so much,and you have earned the new puppy that’s coming with us to the White House.And while she’s no longer with us,I know my grandmother is watching,along with the family that made me who I am.I miss them tonight,and know that my debt to them is beyond measure. To my campaign manager David Plouffe,my chief strategist David Axelrod,and the best campaign team ever assembled in the history of politics–you made this happen,and I am forever grateful for what you’ve sacrificed to get it done.

But above all,I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to–it belongs to you.

I was never the likeliest candidate for this office.We didn’t start with much money or many endorsements. Our campaign was not hatched in the halls of Washington–it began in the backyards of Des Moines and the living rooms of Concord and the front porches of Charleston.

It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give five dollars and ten dollars and twenty dollars to this cause.It grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generation’s apathy;who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep;from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on the doors of perfect strangers;from the millions of Americans who volunteered,and organized,and proved that more than two centuries later,a government of the people,by the people and for the people has not perished from this Earth.This is your victory.

I know you didn’t do this just to win an election and I know you didn’t do it for me.You did it because you understand the enormity of the task that lies ahead.For even as we celebrate tonight,we know the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime–two wars,a planet in peril,the worst financial crisis in a century.Even as we stand here tonight,we know there are brave Americans waking up in the deserts of Iraq and the mountains of Afghanistan to risk their lives for us.There are mothers and fathers who will lie awake after their children fall asleep and wonder how they’ll make the mortgage,or pay their doctor’s bills,or save enough for college.There is new energy to harness and new jobs to be created;new schools to build and threats to meet and alliances to repair.

III，培根

培根Of Marriage And Single Life论婚姻

两个译本的赏析

附上王佐良的译本：

论读书

王佐良译

夫人之有妻儿也不啻已向命运典质，从此难成大事，无论善恶。兴大业，立大功，往往系未婚无儿者所为，彼辈似已与公众结亲，故爱情产业并以付之。按理而论，有子女者应对未来岁月最为关切，因已将至亲骨肉托付之矣。独身者往往思虑仅及己身，以为未来与己无关。有人则视妻儿为负债。更有贪而愚者，以无儿女为荣，以为如此更可夸其富足。此辈或曾闻人议论，一云此人为大富，另一则云否也，其人有多子负担，其财必损。然独身之原因，最常见者为喜自由，尤其自娱任性之人不耐任何束缚，身上褡带亦视为桎梏。未婚者为最好之友、最好之主、最好之仆，然非最好之臣，因其身轻易遁也，故亡命徒几全未婚。未婚适合教会中人，因如先须注水于家池则无余泽以惠人矣。然对法官行政官等则无足轻重，彼辈如收礼贪财，劣仆之害五倍于妻。至于士兵，余尝见将军以渠等妻儿所望激励之，而土耳其人鄙视婚姻，故其士兵更为卑劣。妻儿对人确为一种锻炼。单身者本可心慈过人，因其资财少耗也，实则由于不常触其心肠，反而更为严酷(因而适为审判异端之官)。庄重之人守规不渝，为夫常能爱妻，是故人云优利息斯“爱老妻胜过不朽也”。贞节之妇自恃节操，不免骄纵。欲使妻子守贞从夫，夫须有智；如妻疑夫猜忌，则断难听命矣。妻子者，青年之情妇，中年之伴侣，老年之护士也，故如决心结婚，须善择时。昔有智者答人问何时可婚，曾云：“青年未到时，老年不必矣。”常见恶夫有良妻，是否由于此辈丈夫偶尔和善，更见其可贵，抑或此类妻子以忍耐为美德欤？可确言者，如妻子不顾友朋劝告而自择恶夫，则必尽力弥补前失。

1.What’s your name?

2.Does your name have any special meaning?

3.Where were you come from?

4.What kind of landscape surrounds your hometown?

5.What is the climate like in your hometown?

6.What is people’s favorite food in your region?

7.What do you do during the Spring Festival?

8.Can you describe one of the main festivals celebrated?

9.Tell me something about the customs of your hometown.

10.How long have you lived in XXX?

11.What place in XXX do you like best?Why?

12.Which is the best place you’ve been to China?

13.What is the biggest problem you will face?

14.Could you tell me something about your family?、

15.When will you get married?

16.What social responsibilities should a post-graduate take?

17.What difficulties do your parents have concerning their old age?

18.Which kind of professor do you like best?

19.What does friendship mean to you?What kind of people do you make friend with?

20.What is your major?

21.How do you like your major?

22.When and where did you graduate?What qualifications have you obtained?

23.What impressed you most when you were at university?

24.What is the best university in your opinion?

25.Could you sum up your own study habits in a few points?

26.Do you think the subjects you are studying today are relevant to present-day society?Why?

27.What do you do for a living?

28.What are your job prospects?

29.If you had the opportunity to change your subject,what would you do with it?

30.What are your spare time interests?

31.How do you spend your weekends?

32.What is your favorite sport?What are the rules?

33.What kind of films do you like best?

34.What kind of music do you enjoy?

35.Where have you been traveling to?Which place interested you most?

36.Do you enjoy traveling?If yes.Where and why?

37.What kind of differences in the system of higher education between China and other countries?

38.What problem do you think you will have in XXX?

39.How will you overcome the difficulties?

40.Do you think you will be able to cope with English-demands of your intended study program?

41.What difficulties do you think you’ll encounter in your studies?

42.What do you intend to study?

43.Why did you choose our university?

44.Would you want to be a volunteer during Olympic Games?

45.If there were an opportunity of studying abroad,what would you do?

46.Should you study more theory or do more practice?Give your reasons,please.

52.How serious is unemployment among young people?

53.In your opinion,what are the most serious problems associated with modern life?

54.What do you think have been the most important changes in your study field over the past5years?

55.As there are more and more private cars,what do you think the government should do in order to encourage citizens to use public transport?

56.How do you see yourself in ten years’time?

57.What business do you hope to have?

58.What will do if you cannot find a job after graduation?

59.How do you afford your tuition?

60.Does your family support your decision on studying?What help do they offer?? 1.自我介绍（self-introduce）

Good morning.I am glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself.My name is***，24.I come from******，the capital of*******Province.I graduated from the*******department of *****University in July，2001.In the past two years I have been prepareing for the postgraduate examination while I have been teaching*****in NO.****middle School and I was a head-teacher of a class in junior grade two.Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you.I am open-minded，quick in thought and very fond of history.In my spare time，I have broad interests like many other youngers.I like reading books，especially those about*******.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition，during my college years，I was once a Net-bar technician.So，I have a comparative good command of network application.I am able to operate the computer well.I am skillful in searching for information in Internet.I am a football fan for years.Italian team is my favorite.Anyway，I feel great pity for our country‘s team.I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning.Of course，if I am given a chance to study ******in this famous University，I will stare no effort to master a good command of advance******.

2.考研原因（reasons for my choice）

There are several reasons.I have been deeply impressed by the academic atmosphere when I came here last summer.In my opinion，as one of the most famous******in our country，it provide people with enough room to get further enrichment.This is the first reason.The second one is I am long for doing research in******throughout my life.Its a pleasure to be with my favorite******for lifetime.I suppose this is the most important factor in my decision.Thirdly，I learnt a lot from my*****job during the past two years.However，I think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value.Life is precious.It is necessary to seize any chance for self-development，especially in this competitive modern world.In a word，I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here.

3.研究生期间你的计划（plans in the postgraduate study）

First，I hope I can form systematic view of*****.As for******，my express wish is to get a complete comprehension of the formation and development as well as**************.If possible，I will go on with my study for doctorate degree.In a word，I am looking forward to making a solid

foundation for future profession after two years study here.

4.介绍你的家乡（about hometown）

I am from，a famous city with a long history over2，200years.It is called“Rong Cheng”because there were lots of banians even900years ago.The city lies in the eastern part of the province.It is the center of politics，economy and culture.Many celebrities were born here，for instance，Yanfu，Xie Bingxin，Lin Zexu and so on..You know，there is a saying that“The greatness of a man lends a glory to a place”。I think the city really deserves it.The top three artware are Shoushan Stone，cattle-horn combs and bodiless lacquerware.In addition，it is famous for the hot springs.Theyare known for

high-quality.Visitors athome and abroad feel it comfortable bathing here.There is my beloved hometown.

5.你的家庭（about family）

There are four members in my family；my parents，my cute cat of9years old and me.My father is a technician in the Fujian TV station.He often goes out on b usiness.So most of the housework is done by my industrious mom.Climbing at weekends is our common interest.The fresh air and natural beauty can help us get rid of tiredness.They can strengthen our relation，too.During my prepareing for coming here，my parents‘love and support have always been my power.and I hope in future I wil be able to repay them.

6.你的大学（about university）

**********University is the oldest one in the province.It was founded in*******and covers an area of over*******mu.The building area is************square meters.It develops into a comprehensive university with efforts of generations，especially after the reform and opening up.It takes the lead among the*********universities with nice teaching and scientific research ability.The library has a storage of *******books..various research institutes are set up including52research centers.There are teaching research experimental bases.For example，the computer center，analyzing-test center，modern education technical center and so on.

自我介绍

pesonel statement（introduction）

good morning，my dear teachers，my dear professors.i am very glad to be here for your interview.my name is song yonghao，i am22years old.i come from luoyang，a very beautiful aicent city.my undergratuade period will be accomplished in chang‘an university in july，2004；and now，i am trying my best for obtaining a key to tongji university.

generally speaking，i am a hard working student especially do the thing i am interested in.i will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is.when i was sophomore，i found web design very interesting，so i learned it very hard.to weaver a homepage for myself，i stayed with my pesonel computer for half a month.，and i am the first one in my class who own his homepage.forthermore，i am a person with great perserverence.during the days preparing for the first examination，i insist on running every day，no matter what the weather was like.and just owning to this，i could concentrate on my study and succeeded in the end.

well，in my spare time，i like basketball，tennis and chinese chess.also english is my favorate.i often go to english corner to practise my oral english on every thursday，and write compositions to improve my witten ability.but i know my english is not good enough，i will continue studying.

ok，that is all，thank you for your attention.

一篇关于英语复试的文章my hometown——luoyang

i am from luoyang，a beautiful city in henan province.it is famous as the“capital of nine dynasties”

and enjoy yhe honer that luoyang peony is the best in the world.

luoyang played a very important role in chinese history.so it has a profound cultural background and many great heritagesites have been well reverved.such as longmen grotto，one of the three grottoes in china ang white horse temple，being regarded as the cradle of chnese buddhism.

luoyang peony is world-famous.every year，many tourists travel to luoyang to see the beauty of peony.the people in my hometown are friendly，they welcome the travellers from all over the world.

i like my hometown very much写的不大好，希望对大家有所帮助。

（英语版的，别错过呀）研究生计划，你如何打算？献给正准备复试的人if luckily i got the chance to learn environment engineering in tongji university，i will concentrate on the study and reserch in this field.first i will hard to learn the theoritical knowledge，constucting a solid base for my future work；second i would like to do some practical work with the help of the supervisor ang classmate.and through this，i can get something that cannot be acquired from the textooks.i believe after2years of learning，my dream will finally come true……

Self-introduction：

Good morning，everyone！I am glad to be here for this interview.First，let me introduce myself to you.My name is Qin Jiayin.I was born on April23，1981.I am a local person.I am graduating from Jilin Normal University（应该是这样译）this June.I major in Chinese literature.I hope I could get the opportunity to finish my postgraduate courses in Jilin University which I have desired for a long time.I have the confidence because I have such ablity！I am a girl who is fervent，outgoing and creative.At the same time，I think I am quick in mind and careful in everything.I am looking forward to my postgraduate studies and life.I will soon prove that your decision of choosing me is the wisest.Thank you for giving me such a valuable opportunity！

Reasons for taking postgraduate exams：

First of all，I love my major.Chinese literature is the symbol of the start of Chinese literary modernization.It plays an important part in modernization of our citizens‘thoughts.What’s more，modern literature is very close to our daily life and it can deeply reflect the styles and features of our society.I am fascinated by the great masters‘refreshing or warm or profound styles as well.But I am not easily satisfied with such superficial knowledge.I hope I could have a better understanding in modern literature by studying further.This is a very important reason for me to take the postgraduate exams. Next，I love the feeling in the university.It is full of youthful spirit.And I am deeply attracted by the scholarly atmosphere.And the most important，it’s my great honor to open my ears to your teaching. Finally，I want to talk about a very practical problem.That is my dream of becoming a teacher in the university.I want to realize my dream and make myself to be a well-qualified person.I think the postgraduate studies can enrich my knowledge and make me competent in my future job.That‘s my simple and clear reasons why I took the postgraduate exams.My university：

I‘m graduating form Jilin Normal University this June which has a history of50years.It shares many same characteristics with Jilin University.Both of them have a refreshing and scholarly atmosphere.Four years’studying there made me an independent，optimistic and strict girl.I appreciate the education my university gave me.Thank you for your time！

山东大学研究生英语作业

首先，现代社会的飞速发展，不仅带来了繁荣的经济，随之而来的还有日益加剧的压力，如果对暴力犯罪报道不加以限制，那么人们充斥在暴力报道的环境中，为了发泄自己的压力，会有意识的暗示自己的暴力意识，促进人们的进攻性表达，从而形成了暴力行为的实施。一项调查发现，因暴力犯罪的男性犯人中，有一部分承认他们在犯罪时有意识的模仿电视中的暴力犯罪手段。因此，暴力犯罪的肆意报道，会导致人们有犯罪的倾向，影响社会的稳定。其次，人们的心理承受是有限度的，而且暴力犯罪是偶然性的，不加节制的报道暴力犯罪，会使人们产生恐慌，这也会影响社会的稳定。 First, the rapid development of modern society, not only brings economic prosperity, accompanied by increasing pressure, if the violent crimes reported not to be restricted, then people fill in an environment of violence, in order to give vent to their own pressure,will consciously hint at his violent consciousness, promote people's offensive expression, thus forming the implementation of the violence.A study has found the male prisoners because of violent crime, some admit they in consciousness of the imitation of the crime on television violence crime. Therefore, wanton violence crime, lead people to have a criminal tendency, affect social stability. Second, there is a limit to people's psychological endurance, and violent crime is accidental, reports of violent crime without restraint, will make people feel panic, it will also affect the stability of the society.

山东大学网络教育-(本科)英语答案二

模拟题二模拟题二第一部分：交际用语此部分共有5个未完成的对话，针对每个对话是未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、 C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并用铅笔将答题卡上的相应字母涂黑。 1. ---Would you like to have dinner with us this evening ---___C_____. A. Ok, but I have to go to a meeting now. B. No, I can’t C. Sorry, this evening I have to go to the airport to meet my parents. D. I don't know. 2. --- Please help yourself to some fish. ---___B____. A. Thanks, but I don't like fish B. Sorry, I can't help C. Well, fish don't suit me D. No, I don’t want to do that 3. ---It’s getting late. I’m afraid I must be going now. ---OK. ____D__. A. Take it easy B. Go slowly C. Stay longer D. See you 4. ---Could I ask you a rather personal question ---_____B____ A. Yes, don’t worry. B. Of course, go ahead. C. Yes, help yourself. D. Of course, why not 5. ---Well done. Congratulations on your success. --- _____A______. A. Thank you very much B. Oh, no, no C. No, I didn’t do well D. Sorry, I couldn’t do any better 模拟题二第二部分：阅读理解此部分共有2篇短文，每篇短文后有5个问题。请从每个问题后的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并用铅笔将答题卡上的相应字母涂黑。 Passage 1 Television has opened windows in everybody’s life. Young men will never again go to war as they did in 1914. Millions of people now have seen the effects of a battle. And the result has been a general dislike of war, and perhaps more interest in helping those who suffer from all the terrible things that have been shown on the screen. Television has also changed politics. The most distant areas can now follow state affairs, see and hear the politicians before an election. Better informed, people are more likely to vote, and so to make their opinion count. Unfortunately, television’s influence has been extremely harmful to the y oung. Children do not have enough experience to realize that TV shows present an unreal world; that TV advertisements lie to sell products that are sometimes bad or useless. They believe that the violence they see is normal and acceptable. All educators ag ree that the “television generations”

2017年山大网络教育专科计算机基础试题答案

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landscape ; outperform ; legitimizing ; downsizing ; polarize ; infrastructure ; sector ; fluctuating ; suspend ; potent 2 I nterconnected ; landscape ; conducive ; barrier ; foster ; brain drain ; account for ; suspended ; set off ; indigenous ; infrastructure ; trigger ; ethnic ; reverberated ; outperform ; permeated 3 which ; engage in ; concluded ; against; reacted; entered; controlling; it ; compromise; decree; as well as; subsidiaries 第四单元 1, D B B C D C 2, were linked with ; focusing on ; being stuck in; do much to ; are confronted with; turn off ; in the face of; seek out ; get on their nerves; be more resistant to; tearing your hair out; make few contacts with 3 A B B C B C B A C A 4 c f a d b g e 第五单元 1, famed ; companion ; scold ; objection ; significant ; yield ; tough ; identify

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2016年山东大学硕士研究生入学考试《翻译英语》真题 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、 Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：40.00) 1.He felt that the uninspiring routine of office work was too______for someone of his talent and creativity. （分数：2.00） A.prosaic √ B.insatiable C.exacting D.enthralling 【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。根据空前的uninspiring routine of office work(让人提不起精神的办公室日常工作)可知，他觉得工作过于平淡乏味，故答案为prosaic(平淡无奇的，乏味的)。insatiable意为"贪得无厌的，不能满足的"；exacting意为"要求严格的，要求高的"；enthralling意为"迷人的，非常有趣的"。 2.The museum arranged the fossils in______order, placing the older fossils dating from the Late Ice Age on the first floor and the more recent fossils on the second floor. （分数：2.00） A.alphabetical B.chronological √ C.random D.arbitrary 【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。根据空后的the older…on the first floor和the more recent…on the second floor可知，博物馆是把化石按一定时间或年代顺序排列的，故答案为chronological(按时间先后顺序排列的，按年代先后顺序排列的)。alphabetical意为"按字母顺序的"。random意为"任意的，随机的"。arbitrary意为"随意的，任意的；专断的，武断的，专制的"。句意为：博物馆将化石按年代顺序排列，把发现于冰川时代晚期的古老化石放在第一层，把发现于更近时期的化石放在第二层。 3.With the evolution of wings, insects were able to______to the far ecological corners, across deserts and bodies of water, to reach new food sources and inhabit a wider variety of promising environmental niches. （分数：2.00） A.relate B.disperse √ C.transgress D.revert 【解析】本题考查动词辨析。根据空后的the far ecological coiners(远方的生态角落)和deserts (沙漠)，bodies of water(水域)，new food sources(新的食物源)判断，昆虫能够到达这些地方，只有disperse(分散，驱散)符合语义，故为答案。relate意为"有关联；认同"。transgress意为"违背，违反(社会规范或道德准则)"。revert意为"恢复，回复(到以前的状态、制度或行为)"。 4.Having recently missed out on the Matisse retrospective, which has taken Paris and New York by storm, and on the tour of great paintings from Philadelphia's Barnes