日本世情概况考题

中国地质大学江城学院2012－2013学年第一学期期末试题

日本概况

（考试时间： 90分钟总分100分）

一、応用理解。（８点×５＝４０点）

1、日本社会の特異性について述べなさい。。

日本の伝统文化は衣食住のどれをとっても歴史的で様々な様式を今に伝えています。しかし残念なことにほんの一部しか、また极めて表面的にしか海外に绍介されていません。実は日本の各地方や地域に个性豊かな多くの文化が伝承されています。またよく知られた文化でもその本质については意外に理解されていないものです。日本の娯楽产业

はアニメーションからパチンコまで、ハイテクを使用した游戯性と品质の高さで世界に

夸っています。また最近少々劣ってきたとは言え、治安の良さは依然世界のトップレベ

ルにあります。このためあらゆる世代が夜を彻して娯楽に兴じることができます。

2、日本の近海には四つの海流が流れていますが、その特徴を述べなさい。

日本の太平洋の東部の侧には日本のじんわりを巡る。西部の日本海の侧には対马じんわりがある。そのじんわりは暖かいで、西南から东北へ行く。日本の東北部にはク

リル寒波がある。そして、西部の日本海の侧も里マン寒波がある。その寒波は冷たいで、东北から西南北へ行く。そのじんわりと寒波のインターチェンジには鱼资源が豊富で、漁場になる。

3、日本の気候はいくつか気候区に分けられていますが、それぞれの特徴は何でしょうか。簡単に述べなさい。

①北海道の気候北海道の気候は梅雨が影響しなったので、日本のほかのところよ

り降雨量が少ない。夏季は短くて、涼しい；冬季は長くて、寒い。

②日本海側気候本州岛の西部海岸地域はその気候がある。冬季の時に、その所はシベリア高気圧が押えるので、北西の风が吹く；同時に対马じんわりは日本海から水蒸気

が付く。だから、いつも豪雪がある。夏季の時に、降雨量がちょっと少ない。たまに、

フェーン現象から、异常な高温がある。

③中央高地気候典型な内陸性気候。冬が寒くて、夏凉しい。冬季と夏季の温度差がとても大きい；昼と夜の温度差もとても大きい。降雨量が少ない。

④太平洋側気候本州の東海岸や南四国と九州大部分の地域が含まれる。夏季の時に、その所は南東季節風の影響するので、梅雨と强い台风が多い。冬季の時に雪がちょっと

少ない。

⑤瀬戸内海式気候山陽地方と北四国と近畿と九州局地地域が含まれる。ここの天気はいつも晴天だ；降雨量が少ない。ここの人びとはときどき干ばつのしょうがいを受け

取る。

⑥南西诸岛気候琉球諸島が含まれる。ここは亜熱帯気候だ。夏季は熱い；冬季は

暖かい。降雨量が多い。夏季の時に、ここはよくに台风が吹く。

4、「万葉集」はどんな本ですか。簡単に述べなさい。

「万葉集」は日本の最古の和歌集で、成立年未詳である。八世紀後半、大伴家持に

よってまとめられたとされている。二十巻で、全歌数は４５００余首である。そのうち

短歌は約４２００首で、長歌が約260首、旋頭歌が約60首、連歌一首と仏足石歌一首などとなっている。

作者層は天皇から一般の人々に至るまで幅広く、地域は大和を中心としながらも、東国、九州などと広がりがある。基本構成は必ずしも統一されてはいないが、雑歌、相聞、挽歌の三部分から成り立っている。また巻によっては表現のしかたにより、正述心緒歌、寄物陳思歌、譬喩歌に分類され、また四季による分類が見られる巻もある。表記については、漢語、仏語などをそのまま用い、字訓もさまざま工夫されているが、特に一字一音の借音のものは万葉仮名と呼ばれ、代表的な表記とされている。

また、「万葉集」のなかの巻十四には約二百三十首の東歌がある。これは東国の民衆の生活を舞台に民謡調で歌われており、素朴さを特徴としている。防人歌は巻十四、巻二十などにあり、遠い九州の地へ向かう辛さや別れの悲しみなどを率直に表現している。特別の部分として注目してほしいのである。

5、大化改新の翌年、新政府は四ヶ所からなる改新の詔（みことのり）を発した。その内容を簡単に述べなさい。

①これまでの豪族の田荘などの私有地や私民を公収し、田地や民は全て天皇のものとする。（高地公民制）

②戸籍と計帳を造り、公地を公民に貸し出す。（班田収受の法）

③これまであった国や郡（こおり）、県（あがた）などを整理して、令制国と、それに付随する郡に整備しなおす。（国郡制度）

④公民に税や労役を負担させる制度の改革。（祖?庸?調）

二、論文。（６０点）

日本の社会、文化、歴史と日本人の生活などから興味を持っている内容を選んで、1000字ぐらいの論文を作成しなさい。

日本のアニメ

日本のアニメは日本のビデオと日本の漫画と呼ばれる。実はアメニカのアニメよりそんなり眩しいじゃない。しかし、日本のアニメのストーリーは新しくで、おもしろい。だから、世界の中に大事な地位を占める。そして、いろいろな人が见る。

日本のアニメが幼稚だのと思うかもしれない。それは大间违いだ。中国の子供たちにとって、日本のアニメは各の年齢段に適当なアニメがある。たとえば、「贤い壹休さん」と「ナルト」。最初の機械と戦闘から平凡な生活まで、ハイテクのロボットから自然についての思うまで、日本のアニメはいろいろな方面が含める。「思わないのあるだけで、見えませんじゃない」と言う。この豊かなストーリーは人びとに心のしんかんをあげる。変わったストーリーが見えから、人びとの视野を開拓する。同時に、日本のアニメは细かいことが重視するせいで、ロジック性がもっとあって、人びとがもっと目立つ。

どんな日本のアニメは自分のテーマがある。感情、理想、失败……主人公は多くの体験がある、最後にそれぞれの困難を强くに直面する。感情は日本のアニメに大きくに占める。ずっと君が励ました亲情にしても、ドギマギした愛情にしても、真挚な友情にしても、全部は主人公の守るすぎたものだ。そして、主人公もその感情のためにがんばる。

日本のアニメの勢い盛んな発展するにつれて、アニメについてのアニメ?漫画の周辺などが相次いで発展してきる。そんことは世界の人に日本のアニメが知られる。

日本动漫，是日本动画和日本漫画的合称。日本动漫基本上不如美国动画特效那么炫目，但是凭着剧情的创新和趣味性在全球都有很重要的地位，拥有了广大的收看人群。

也许你会觉得动漫幼稚，那就大错特错了。对于中国的孩子来说，从小时候的《聪明的一休》到现在的《火影忍者》，都有适合各个年龄段的日本动漫。从最初的机械战斗到现在的平淡生活、从高科技的机器人到如今的关于自然的感悟……日本动漫确实涵盖了生活中各个方面，可以说只有想不到，没有看不到。这些丰富的剧情，带给了人们更多心灵上的震撼。看到这些与众不同的剧情，人们的眼界得到了开拓。同时细节上的注重使动漫更加富有逻辑性，剧情的展开也更加吸引人了。

无论哪一种动漫，都有自己的主题。感情，理想，失败……这些经历都会在动漫中展开，但最后主人公能以坚强来面对各种困难。而感情在动漫中也占有相当一部分的地位。无论是永远鼓励你的亲情，还是让你心跳加速的爱情，又或者真挚不变的友情，都是主人公值得保护的存在和为之努力奋斗的力量源泉。

随着动漫的蓬勃发展的同时，与之相关的动漫周边等产业也相继发展起来，更加使日本动漫为世人所知晓。

4130100204-毛宇聪

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英美概况期末考试名词解释整理

The industrial revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The industrial revolution A period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, production, and transportation had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain. The Industrial Revolution, was a period of unprecedented technological, economic and social change that completely transformed British culture from a largely rural, static society with limited production and division of labour into the world's first modern industrial society. the Black Death It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labor was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences. The Black Death----It was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is widely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestisis and have started in Central Asia. It came without warning, and without any cue.The Black Death is estimated to have killed30% to 60% of Europe's population and had profound effects on the course of European history. In England, it killed almost half of the total population, causing far-reaching economic consequences. the Progressive Movement The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the economy and social conditions. It spread quickly with the support of large numbers of people across the country. It was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals.(Rather, it was a number of diverse efforts at political, social, and economic reforms. In spite of limitations of the movement, it brought about changes and improvement in many fields.) Roman Britain was the part of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and about 410. Britannia already had cultural and economic links with Continental Europe, but the invaders introduced new developments in agriculture, urbanisation, industry and architecture, leaving a legacy that is still apparent today. The first Romans to campaign extensively in Britain were

英语国家概况试卷

内蒙古广播电视大学2010-2011学年度 第二学期《英语国家概况1》期末试题 ⅠThere are 20 questions in this part. Each question is followed by four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the correct answer to each of the questions and write your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) 1.The following were the founding fathers of the AmericanRepublic except _____. A Thomas Jefferson B George Washington C William Penn D Benjamin Franklin 2.Which of the following statement was NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over, _____. A each new state had its own government B each new state made its own laws and handled all of its internal affairs C the national government was called the Congress with little power D the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined 3.Service industry does not include ____. A banking B management consultation C airline D steelmaking 4.Three of the following authors were Nobel Prize winner except _____. A Ernest Hemingway B Eugene O’Neill C William Faulkner D F. Scott Fitzgerald 5. ____ invented the telephone. A Samuel R.B. Morse B Alexander Graham Bell C Thomas Alva Edison D Reginald Fessenden 6.The main mountain range in the west of US stretching from the Canadian border to New Mexico is ____. A The Appalachian Mountains B The Rocky Mountains C The Green Mountains D TheBlue Ridge Mountains 7.Both public and private universities in the U.S. depend on the following sources of income except____. A investment B student tuition C endowments D government funding 8.____ was NOT written by Hemingway? A Light in August B The Sun Also Rises C A farewell to Arms D For Whom the Bell Tolls 9.In the United States school system, which of the following divisions is true? A Elementary school, grammar school B Elementary school, junior high school C Elementary school, secondary school D junior high school, senior high school 10.Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime? A bribery B tax evasion C false advertising D robbery 11.Which of the following was written by Thoreau? A Nature B Walden C The Scarlet Letter D The Fall of the House Usher 密 封 线 内 不 要 写 参 考 内 容 《英语国家概况1》第1页 共6页 《英语国家概况1》第2页 共6页

英美概况题

Exercises of Chapter One I. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, D, choose the best one to complete the statement. 1. The national flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of _____ crosses. A. one B. two C. three D. four 2. Which flower is the symbol of England/Scotland/Wales/Northern Ireland? A. Thistle B. Shamrock C. Daffodil D. Rose 3. The highest mountain peak in Britain is in ________. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 4. The largest lake in Britain is ______. A. Loch Lomond B. the Lough Neagh C. Windermere D. Ullswater 5. The largest lake in Britain is located in ________. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 6. The Lake District is well-known for________. A. its wild and beautiful scenery B. its varied lakes C. the lake Poets D. all of the above three 7. The British Isles are made up of______. A. two large islands and hundreds of small ones B. two large islands and Northern Ireland C. three large islands and hundreds of small ones D. three large islands and Northern Ireland 8. Which is the largest city in Scotland? A. Cardiff B. Edinburgh C. Glasgow D. Manchester 9. There are ______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain. A. one B. two C. three D. four 10. Among the four political divisions of Britain, __________ is the most densely populated. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 11. The capital of Scotland is __________. A. Belfast B. Cardiff C. Edinburgh D. Dublin 12. Britain’s climate is influenced by ______that sweeps up from the equator and flows past the British Isles. A. the Atlantic Gulf Stream B. the Brazil Current C. the Labrador Current D. the Falkland current II. Read the following statements carefully and decide if each of them is True or False. 1. To the west of Great Britain is the second largest island known as Scotland. 2. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. They are England，Scotland and Wales. 3. The Pennines are known as the “Backbone of England”. 4. London, the capital of the UK, is situated on the Severn River near its mouth. 5. The official name of UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 6. The longest river in Britain is River Thames. 7. On the island of Great Britain, there are four political divisions—England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. 8. God Save the Queen is a national anthem used only in Britain. 9. The highest point of the Pennines is Cross Fell which is 893 meters high.