学术英语理工版考试复习重点

书第二页：Task 2

1 No, because they all seem like a subject rather than a topic, a subject which cannot be addressed even by a whole book, let alone by a 1500-word essay.

2 Each of them can be broken down into various and more specific aspects. For example, cancer can be classified into breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer and so on. Breast cancer can have

such specific topics for research as causes for breast cancer, effects of breast cancer and

prevention or diagnosis of breast cancer.

3 Actually the topics of each field are endless. Take breast cancer for example, we can have the topics like: Why Women Suffer from Breast Cancer More Than Men?

A New Way to Find Breast Tumors

Some Risks of Getting Breast Cancer in Daily Life

Breast Cancer and Its Direct Biological Impact

Breast Cancer—the Symptoms & Diagnosis

Breastfeeding and Breast Cancer

Task 3

1 Text 1 illustrates how hackers or unauthorized users use one way or another to get inside a

computer, while Text 2 describes the various electronic threats a computer may face.

2 Both focus on the vulnerability of a computer.

3 Text 1 analyzes the ways of computer hackers, while Text 2 describes security problems of a

computer.

4 Text 1: The way hackers “get inside” a computer

Text 2: Electronic threats a computer faces

Yes, I think they are interesting, important, manageable and adequate.

2 Formulating a research question 书11页

Task 1 Text 3

Research question 1: How many types of cloud services are there and what are they?

Research question 2: What is green computing?

Research question 3: What are advantages of the cloud computing?

Text 4

Research question 1: What is the Web 3.0?

Research question 2: What are advantages and disadvantages of the cloud computing?

Research question 3: What security benefits can the cloud computing provide?

Task 2 书18页

2 Topic 2: Threats of Artificial Intelligence

Research questions:

1) What are the threats of artificial intelligence?

2) How can human beings control those threats?

3) What are the difficulties to control those threats?

3 Topic 3: The Potentials of Nanotechnology

Research questions:

1) What are its potentials in medicine?

2) What are its potentials in space exploration?

3) What are its potentials in communications?

4 Topic 4: Global Warming and Its Effects

Research questions:

1) How does it affect the pattern of climates?

2) How does it affect economic activities?

3) How does it affect human behavior?

2 Scanning and skimming

Task 书43页

1 Artificial intelligence.

2 The article may argue for/against the idea that artificial intelligence will replace human jobs in the future.

3 The story tells that computerization threatens to replace many white-collar jobs.

4 The author is optimistic and may not agree that machines will replace human jobs.

5 The specter of automation unemploying us all may have finally arrived.

6 But the mass job shrinkage that these observers all expected did not come.

7 Yet Americans as a whole were not automated out of work. (Para.8, L1)

Yet, through all that, more new jobs appeared. (Para.11, L2)

8 Man will not lose jobs because there will always be demands of a new economy.

9 The neighbor would prefer to order the shoes from machine-handling factories.

10 Saving will lead to spending which in turn will create newer, perhaps better jobs tomorrow

书66页Task 2

1 The writer develops his main ideas about global warming mainly through the structure of cause-and-effect.

2 The writer illustrates the effects of global warming through the structure of classification.

3 The effects are arranged from the most obvious to least obvious, and signal words include: the most prominent effect of global warming; another area affected by global warming; a third type

of evidence of global warming.

4 Four types. They are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluocarbons.

5 Paragraph 11 follows the pattern of problem-and-solution. The signal words are “a common problem that arises is”, “needs to take action now”.

书71页6 Reading critically

Task 1

The tone of one’s writing indicates their feelings and attitude toward the topic being discussed.

It reveals whether they are being playful or serious, humorous or somber, whether they are angry or tranquil, bitter or confident. Through tone, their attitude toward what they are writing about and their relationship to their readers become clear.

Controlling tone is largely a matter of selecting words and sentences, and choosing details so as to serve the purpose of writing wel l. Now let’s consider the following sentences which you write to tell two facts:

The sales of vitamin E have doubled in the past five years. The increase in sales has been helped by the statements from health food enthusiasts and doctors.

1 Combined into a single one, sentence 1 is impartial in tone because it doesn’t reveal your attitude. Impartial and toneless sentences are what you want to write if you either have no opinion or want to seem factual and objective, rather than personal and subjective.

2 Strong in tone and clear in attitude: sentence 2 reflects your belief that vitamin E sales have surged because of a deceptive and misleading advertisement campaign. If you feel the sentence

is too strong, too opinionated, perhaps even biased, you may suggest your feelings instead of stating them directly.

3 By using the words—freaks and quack, this version can make your reader sense not only your reservation about the worth of the vitamin but also your contempt of those who promote it. But

the tone is so strong that your reader may consider it exaggerated and may even question its truth.

4 This version is more suggestive and less explicit, though your attitude is still negative because “faddists” (unlike enthusiasts) are a word with unfavorable associations an d because claims “(unlike statements)” encourage the reader to doubt their truth.

5 By inserting the detail that only a few doctors make claims for vitamin, the version seems biased as the tone is stronger.

6 The phrase “some doctors” implies that there is another group of doctors who have made no claims for the vitamin and who may perhaps reject such claims.

7 The word “even” suggests your surprise that doctors, who should know better, have made such foolish claims, thus further weakens the support of the doctors without making your statement seem exaggerated or biased.

8, 9 Tone not only can be controlled by the choice of words and details but also by the choice of structures. Sentence 8 and 9 make the implied criticism more forceful as the negative words or phrases have been moved to their beginning or end position, the position which is more emphatic for one’s opinion.

10, 11, 12 The three sentences are not critical but favorable in tone toward the increased sales of vitamin E, because “experts” seem more trustworthy than “enthusiasts” and both “reports” and “testimony” carry more weight than mere “statements”.

13, 14 The two sentences have a positive tone because the phrase “a number of doctors” sounds more impressive than “a few” or “some doctors”. And “a number of leading doctors” are supposed to be more reliable, though not as reliable as “leading medical authorities”.

15, 16, 17 The three sentences are less formal and more personal than the previous sentences as the first-person view “I” is adopted to personalize their tone.

18, 19 The two sentences are more informal as the closer relationship between yourself and the reader is established by asking questions.

20, 21 By addressing the reader as “you”, the sentences are more informal and personal.

22 The informality of your writing will be increased by contractions, slang, and short, simple words instead of longer, more complex ones.

书76页Taking notes Task

Title: Global Warming and Its Effects

Author(s): Nicolas Dalleva

Source: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ce10760221.html,

Main ideas: The essay mainly talks about the effects and causes of global warming.

Main findings or ideas: Global warming have negative effects on climate changes, survival of animals, development of plants, people’s health and global economy. There are two major causes for global warming: burning of fossil fuels and greenhouse gases.

书78页Writing a summary Task 1

The source material uses a story of identical twins to illustrate the idea that apart from the important role the genes play in the development of an individual, their environmental experience also affects their traits greatly. The summary grasps the idea without details of the story.

Task 2

2 History has demonstrated that technology affects education profoundly. Considering the definition of technology broadly, one may say that prehistoric people used primitive technologies to teach skills to their young.

3 Psychology can be divided into several important theories. Behaviourists emphasize the role of environment in shaping one’s behavior, while cognitivists explain behavior by analyzing mental processes. Freudians and humanists are more concerned with exploring behavior through the personality whereas social constructivists connect individual behavior to its social-historic context.

Task 3

Title: Global Warming and Its Effects

Author(s): Nicolas Dalleva

Source: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ce10760221.html,

Summary: According to Nicolas Dalleva, global warming has become a great challenge to human beings, for it not only affects the climate change and leads to the decrease of the number of animals per species, but also affects the agricultural growth. Dalleva believes that the burning of fossil fuels is the culprit of global warming because it releases greenhouse gases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The other gases like methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluocarbons are also the causes of the green house effect. In Dalleva’s opinion, despite the worldwide efforts, people do not take the issue seriously and do not realize that global warming will also exerts a negative effect on economy and health. He calls for, therefore, a stronger joint effort to prevent global warming. (134 words)

书127页1 Writing a literature review Task 1

1 The four articles were published right after the Fukushima disaster in Japan and all addressed the topic of potential risks of nuclear radiation.

2 Radiation is not so terrible as expected and human beings are exposed to different sources of radiation every day. Whether it will endanger human health or not depends on the duration and

strength of radiation exposure.

3 Amber Cornelio holds a different attitude from the other three authors. He believes that radiation exposure will certainly raise the risk of getting cancer and government officials downplay its potential danger to justify its use of nuclear power.

4 Answers may vary.

5 It seems that Text 11, 12, 14 provide more scientific facts about nuclear radiation than Text 13 which is more emotionally charged by using many rhetorical questions and phrases like “I am simply floored”, “let officials be oblivious”, “not to be outdone”, “Do not tell us about that”. Hence it appears less reliable and trustworthy.

书140页Task 2

Compared with uranium which the production of conventional nuclear power needs, there is more lithium in the sea water which can support 30 million years’ fusion fuel.

书140页Task 3

1 Review the previous related studies

2 State the previous st udies’ limitation

3 Announce the direction for further studies

书142页2 Writing a self-contained literature review Task 1

1 Stigmatization, a kind of social rejection, is big challenge to the mentally ill. They are rejected by people because of the label they carry or that their behaviors indicate that they belong to a certain labeled group.

2 To report the past studies of the topic. Studies have proved that stigmatization of the mentally ill is caused by the public’s belief in myths about the dangerousness of the mentally ill and exposing those myths can reduce stigmatization.

3 Three articles.

4 Pescosolido & Tuch (2000) thought that a common respond to the mentally ill are rejection and fear of violence. Another article concluded that rejection and fear are caused by less contact

with mentally ill. Alexander and Link (2003) found that any type of contact with mentally ill individuals reduced perceptions of dangerousness of the target.

5 1) What are major causes for the rejection and fear, and can they be reduced?

2)This finding is verified by Alexander and Link (2003).

3)Task 2

Text 11

Title: Risks of Nuclear Power

Author(s): Bernard L. Cohen

Source: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ce10760221.html,.

Summary: Radiation from nuclear power is feared to have the potential of causing a cancer or some genetic diseases. This fear, however, is dismissed by Cohen after he compares artificial radiation and the radiation that occurs naturally in our environment, analyzing their respective impact on human health. Cohen separately discusses the different sources of nuclear power risks and arrives at the following conclusions: 1) the probability of real reactor accidents, with the safety system of defense in depth, are extremely small; 2) radioactive waste, if properly handled, causes negligible damage; 3) other radiation problems, such as accidents in transportation or radon exposures in mining, are also not so threatening as they seem to be. In summary he believes that radiation due to nuclear power will cause much fewer cancers and deaths than coal burning. (130 words)

Text 12

Title: How Radiation Threatens Health

Author(s): Nina Bai

Source: Scientific American

Summary: Nina Bai addresses the widespread concerns over the health effects of radiation exposure in the wake of Fukushima nuclear crisis. She discusses three determinative factors: the level, type and duration of radiation exposure. First, radiation sickness usually occurs when there is excessive dose of exposure, though the limits of radiation level differ for the general public, radiation workers, and patients going through medical radiation. Second, of the four types of ionizing radiation, gamma, X-ray, alpha, and beta, the latter two, albeit being lower energy, are more likely to cause health damage. Third, a very high single dose of radiation can be more harmful than the same dosage accumulated over time. Finally, Bai draws on the lesson of Chernobyl, and concludes radiation exposure within reasonable limit is not so fearful and it is good to exercise caution. (136 words)

Text 13

Title: Should Nuclear Radiation Found in Domestic Milk Come as a Surprise?

Author(s): Amber Cornelio

Source: http://www. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ce10760221.html,

Summary: Amber Cornelio (2011) maintains that radiation from Japan’s Fukushima disaster has threatened the daily life of ordina ry Americans. He challenges the government’s view that radioactive materials detected in domestic milk, vegetables and rainwater will pose no public health concern. He suspects that the government is downplaying the potential dangers of radiation to justify its use of nuclear power. He believes the government has failed to do the job of protecting people. In the end, he urges the government to be more responsible and stop building power plants on a faulty line. He warns that covering up the facts is not the key to avoid similar disasters in the future. (108 words)

Text 14

Title: Radiation and Health: The Aftershocks of Japan’s Nuclear Disaster

Author(s): Susan Blumenthal

Source: http://www. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ce10760221.html,

Summary: Susan Blumenthal (2011) aims to inform people of nuclear radiation with scientific facts. She starts the essay with a reference to the worldwide spread of fear in the wake of Fukushima disaster and then explains what radiation is. The explanation is followed by a report of different types of radioactive materials released into the air. She goes on to tell that an exposure to those materials will increase the risks of some major diseases. However, she concedes radiation is not so menacing as was assumed and humans are exposed to naturally occurring radiation every day. Whether radiation is harmful to health or not depends on two contexts: the duration and strength of the exposure. She warns that exposure to high doses of radiation can lead to acute health problems. Long-term low dose exposure to radiation is equally fatal. (137words)

Task 3

The release of substantial amounts of radiation into the atmosphere from Fukushima nuclear plant has triggered widespread concerns over the use of nuclear power and the health effects of radiation exposure. Since the Chernobyl disaster, especially the Fukushima nuclear crisis, many scientists and scholars have attempted to estimate the effect of nuclear radiation on human health. Cohen (2011) believes the fear that nuclear radiation will cause a cancer or other genetic diseases is unnecessary. He made a detailed analysis of the effects of accidents in nuclear power plants, accidents in transporting radioactive materials and escape of radioactive wastes from confinement

systems on human health by comparing the effects of coal burning. Cohen arrived at the following conclusions: nuclear radiation, if properly handled, causes negligible damage and much fewer deaths than coal burning. Cohen’s idea is shared by Bai (2011). Bai discussed three determinative factors: the level, type and duration of radiation exposure. She found that radiation sickness usually occurs only when there is excessive dose of exposure. Second, of the four types of ionizing radiation, gamma, X-ray, alpha, and beta, the latter two are more likely to cause health damage. Third, a very high single dose of radiation can be more harmful than the same dosage accumulated over time. Bai concluded that radiation exposure within reasonable limit is not so fearful and it is good to exercise caution. Blumenthal (2011) did similar research. She examined different types of radioactive materials released into the air. She found that an exposure to those materials would increase the risks of some major diseases. However, the radiation is not so menacing as was assumed as humans are exposed to naturally occurring radiation every day. She believes that whether radiation is harmful to health or not depends on two contexts: the duration and strength of the exposure. Only exposure to high doses of radiation or long-term low dose exposure could lead to acute health problems.

Contrary to the three scholars, however, Cornelio (2011) maintained that radiation from Japan’s Fukushima disaster threatened the daily life of ordinary Americans. He challenges the government’s view t hat radioactive materials detected in domestic milk, vegetables and rainwater will pose no public health concern. He suspects that the government is downplaying the potential dangers of radiation to justify its use of nuclear power. Hence he urges the government to be more responsible and stop building power plants on a faulty line.

书145页Writing a literature review as a part of an essay Task 1

1 Content-based instruction (CBI) is an alternative approach to teaching English. In such an approach, language teaching is integrated within discipline-specific content courses. The major goal is to equip students with academic literacy skills across the curriculum. CBI has gained wide acceptance in U.S. undergraduate institutions.

2 Numerous research studies demonstrate consistently that content-based second language teaching promotes both language acquisition and academic success.

3 More than 10 articles.

4 The literature on CBI has focused mainly on its most immediate effects, i.e., the outcomes of one or two semesters in which content-based instruction was provided. Studies on the sustained or long-term benefits of content-based language instruction are scarce.

5 The writer plans to study how will CBI impact students’ future performance both in terms of academic courses and English proficiency

书150页Task 2

Technology plays an ever important role in the making discoveries. Throughout scientific history, many discoveries have been made because of the application of more sophisticated devises and equipment. For example, Galileo’s great discovery was attributed to the improvement of machinery for making telescopes. And thanks to the Deep See Explorer II, life forms are now known to exist in the deeper parts of the Pacific Ocean despite the great pressure, a fact which defies the previous opinion that there was no life at the extreme depth. (Jones, 2001:125)

Task 3

Human activities are chiefly responsible for climate change. Despite the dispute as to whether global warming is caused by human activities (McGuire, 2001), carbon dioxide has been proved the major factor for climate change. Carbon dioxide will form a thick gas layer as it is constantly building up in the atmosphere. The gas layer is the killer of the ozone layer—the layer which

protects the Earth from harmful radiation, thus causing global warming. It is documented that carbon dioxide (CO2) is emitted in a number of ways, among which the burning of fossil fuel can obviously release a great amount of CO2 into the atmosphere (Dalleva, 2007). Another way is deforestation, such as the conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. According to Border (2011) 15 to 20% of total carbon dioxide emissions is attributed to land use changes.

书154页Task 3

1: a) lacks both the inside acknowledgement and the reference.

2: a) lacks the inside acknowledgement.

3: a) fails to use the quotation mark when it uses the exact words of the original.

4: a) lacks both the inside acknowledgement and the reference.

5: a) lacks the inside acknowledgement.

6: a) lacks the inside acknowledgement.

7: a) doesn’t use the quotation mark when it uses the exact words of the original.

8: a) lacks the inside acknowledgement.

书160页Task 2

3 Instructivists hold that the “real world”, external to individuals, can be represented as knowledge and determines what will be understood by individuals. This view has been shifting to a constructivist view over the past decade (Merri?nboer, 1997).

4 Two components must be present in an instructional design theory. The first component (methods) describes how human learning will be supported, and the second component (situation) describes when certain methods ought to be used (Reigeluth, 1999).

5 According to Heimlich (1992), man has always had an interest in the environment both as a source of raw materials and as a refuge for the human spirit. Nowadays, the two main environmental interests are based on the concept of “a better quality of life”, as well as the need

to replenish the sources of raw materials. In comparison with the pre-1960s, much greater interest in the environment is currently being expressed.

6 According to Gredler (2001), the same factors apply to developing complex skills in a classroom setting as to developing complex skills in any setting. A response must be induced, then reinforced as it gets closer to the desired behavior. Reinforcers have to be scheduled carefully, and cues have to be withdrawn gradually so that the new behaviors can be transferred and maintained.

Task 3

1. Use a synonym of a word or phrase

1) They can intrude deep inside the human body where they can damage biological cells and thereby cause a cancer.

2) If radioactive material is absorbed into the body, however, it is actually the lower energy alpha and beta radiation that becomes the more dangerous.

3) I am simply shocked that officials are understating nuclear radiation levels in the United States as a result of the Fukushima disaster!

4) Let officials be forgetful, the rest of us saw it approaching.

5) On March 11, 2011, a dimension 9.0 earthquake attacked Japan, causing a destructive tsunami that tore through the coastal regions and leveled the villages in its path.

2. Change the order of information

1) How the spent fuel is dealt with determines the effects of routine releases of radioactivity from nuclear plants.

2) It is difficult to measure the effects of long-term, low-dose radiation.

3) One indication of the terrible situation in Japan is that no sensible man wants to visit there again for the next 80 to 100 years.

4) Understandably, panic among masses is what the authorities try to avoid.

5) Burns or other symptoms of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) vary from person to person depending on the strength of radiation and the level of exposure.

3. Change from the active to the passive or vice versa

1) Our cancer risk should be eventually increased by 0.002% (one part in 50,000), thus our life expectancy reduced by less than one hour due to the radiation brought by nuclear technology.

2) 180,000 people have been evacuated by the Japanese government from within a 20 kilometer radius of the Fukushima Daiichi complex.

3) Farmers in Japan were asked to keep cows and cattle in barns by Government officials as radioactive contamination of milk spread from Fukushima prefecture, north of Tokyo.

4) A sheet of paper can often block Alpha and beta particle radiation as it is lower energy.

5) A broad range of acute health problems will arise only among the individuals who are exposed to high doses of radiation such as reactor worker.

4. Change the positive into the negative and vice versa

1) Since our body cells fail to distinguish between natural radiation and radiation from the nuclear industry.

2) No number of noticeable deaths from coal burning was larger than in an air pollution incident where there were 3,500 extra deaths in one week.

3) Should any increase in radiation due to a nuclear disaster instead of naturally occurring, be of concern?

4) The dairy industry will not stop working closely with federal and state government agencies to ensure that we maintain a safe milk supply.

5) Almost no one will experience a broad range of acute health problems due to their exposure to high doses of radiation except for the individuals close to the source of radiation such as

reactor workers.

5. Change personal nouns into impersonal nouns and vice versa

1)The attack of sex cells can cause genetic diseases in progeny.

2) Unawareness of the danger led parents to serve contaminated milk to their children.

3) Our perplexity results from the increases in diseases, obesity and erratic behavior among our malnutritioned populace.

4) Then again, officials tend to downplay everything, so that panic doesn’t occur among the masses.

5) A person who is exposed to low dose but long-term radiation will develop chronic health condition including cancer.

6. Change complex sentences into simple sentences and vice versa

1) There is little likelihood, if any, for the failure of each system in this series of back-ups exists.

2) We should not be worried at all.

3) The increase in cancer risk is too small to determine unless many exposed subjects are studies.

4) Any exposure will lead to certain damage and safety problem.

5) Despite a lot of news distraction, we still notice the dire current situation.

书202页2 Two types of research paper Task 1

1 Text 16 is a primary research paper while Text 17 a secondary research one.

2 Text 16 contains a methods section as it conducts an empirical study. Text 17, however, is a persuasive paper based on the analysis of previous and current research findings.

Task 2

1 Abstract 1 is from a primary research paper, and Abstract

2 is from secondary research. Abstract

1 shows that a small scale survey was conducted.

2 Answers may vary.

3 According to the abstract, the article carries out a small scale survey designed to ascertain details of student knowledge and misconceptions about these environmental issues.

Task 3

In the introduction part of his paper he devises such research questions as “Will the consumers’acceptance of GM foods vary from food to food?”, “Is there any different change in the college students’ attitudes toward different GM food products?”. The method is the questionnaires which are administered to students of different majors. It is appropriate for it can elicit the answers. Task 4

Topic 1 Yes. Interviews with some of the students will be much better.

Topic 2 Yes.

书207页3 Writing an introduction Task 1

The introduction: Since the signing of the Kyoto Treaty, more efforts have been made to look for alternative energy sources. With the world economic development, the demand for energy has increased rapidly, adding greatly to the greenhouse gases and the pollution problems mainly caused by fossil fuels. Developing renewable energy sources is the solution to these problems. According to Wikipedia, renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable. Developing renewable energy source can not only greatly help cut down the amount of toxins, the by-products of the consumption of energy, but also preserve most of the natural resources that people use as resources of energy. The purpose of the essay is to examine potential renewable energy sources. The essay will first demonstrate the significance of developing renewable energy sources, and then analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each possible renewable energy sources.

书211页Task 4

1 Establish the specific topic

2 Introduce the present methodology

3 State the purpose and/or the principal activities

4 Offer a brief structure of the whole paper

书223页5 Writing the body of a primary research essay Task 1

1 There are two parts, namely, animals and experiment. The former described the subjects of the experiment and the latter detailed the steps.

2 There are three groups, the group of female rats fed with the GM soya, the group of female rats fed with the traditional soya, and the group of female rats fed with no soya. The purpose is to

find the effects of the GM soya on the young pups the female rats gave birth to.

3 The steps are detailed to make the experiment more reliable.

书225页Task 2

1 The group of rats fed with the GM food had the highest rate of mortality of their pups.

2 The group of rats fed with the GM food produced the pups who weighed least.

3 Yes.

书235页Task 3

Marijuana is a drug of controversy in medical history. Whether its ultimate effects are harmful, harmless or beneficial to human functioning remains to be investigated. [problem] This paper focuses on the study of the physical effects of Marijuana uses. [objective] Based on previous

research, the study divided the physical effects of marijuana use into the short-term effects and long-term ones, according to its frequency, duration and intensity of physical symptoms. [method] The studies indicated that an increase of pulse rate and changes in blood sugar pressures are two remarkable signs of short-term effects together with the symptoms of nausea, vomiting, headache and so on. It was also found that the chronic use of marijuana may weaken one’s immune system and interfere with DNA production in terms of long-term effects. [findings]

书240页Task 4

1 These sections may be broken down into a variety of subsections and arranged in a variety of ways.

2 The emphasis should be placed on the discussion of the report for this readership.

3 This subsection has rhetorical usefulness in that it enhances the credibility of the researcher by indicating that the data presented is based on a thorough knowledge of what has been done in

the field.

4 A reasonable approach to the actual writing process including editing for accuracy and clarity will help one to produce effective research reports efficiently.

5 An investigation of the relative effectiveness of various swimming strokes would have to detail the number of swimmers tested.

6 The final section is a discussion of the results obtained and a statement of any conclusions which may be drawn from those results.

7 There should be an explanation of the significance—social, economic, medical, psychological, educational, etc.—of the question.

8 There is no objection to writing that is pleasing and interesting.

9 What is the effect of regular consumption of fast food on the health of the American teenagers?

10 There is little emphasis on a lively style.

Task 5

1 The language used in Text 19 is much more formal. For example, impersonal structures like “there should be explanation…”, nominalization like “an investigation of…”, passive voice and so on are widely used.

2 Answers may vary.

书245页Task 6

1 It is important to consider that…

2 A final but equally important point is that…

3 There are both advantages and disadvantages.

4 It is commonly believed that…

5 Joint efforts are to be made to…

6 One may ask…

7 The present situations justify optimism.

8 Failure to recognize the seriousness of energy shortage will lead to a big mistake.

9 Rectification of this fault is achieved by insertion of a wedge.

10 It is evidenced that there is a need to recognize the problem…

书247页Task 9

1 In spite of its limitations, the study appears to have a number of important strengths.

2 It is suggested that animals become old because, if they did not, there could be no successive replacement of individuals and hence no evolution.

3 It is likely that the effect of these small particles is to cool the climate and to partially offset the warming of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases.

4 Very high radiation doses might destroy body functions and lead to death within 60 days.

5 The effects of routine releases of radioactivity from nuclear plants depend somewhat on how the spent fuel is handled.

6 Although they also began to eat the GM soya, it is supposed that the effect could be mediated by

the two first factors.

书249页10 Proofreading Task 1

1 No in-text documentation for the citation of Saul Perlmutter, Brain Schmidt and Adam Riess.

2 In-text parenthetic documentation should use the author’s last name only. So the correct use

should be like (Einstein, 1917), (Hubble, 1929).

3 Some author (Edwin Hubble, 1929) is missed in the reference list.

4 The citations are not arranged in an alphabetical order by authors’ last names.

5 The date in (Hamuy, 1993) is not matched with the reference: “Mario Hamuy (2011)”

书252页Task 2 E-Paper—A Powerful Opponent Of Traditional Paper

Abstract

This study examined the difference between E-paper and traditional wood paper. In order to find whether E-paper will take the place of wood paper in the future, we have a deep inspection into

(the paper investigated) the working principles, functions, and applications of different kind of

E-paper. We demonstrate (It demonstrated) how E-paper is widely used now. At last we (Finally

it) predicted that E-paper would have a bright future and change our life in many areas according

to the huge success it has achieved now. But we have a suspension about (But it doubted its substitution for wood paper) the substitution for wood paper.

1. Introduction

Paper is one of the oldest medium for people to communicate ideas to others. But new

technologies which made it not as important as past came—E-paper (But the advent of new technology—E-paper renders it no longer as important as in the past). So what is E-paper indeed? Actually it is a concept which was expressed as a technology designed to mimic (which mimics)

the appearance of ordinary ink on paper.

What I want to show in my essay is (The essay shows) the comparison between traditional

paper and E-paper. A comparison between E-paper and traditional display technology will be

raised and (Then) I will give the prospects of this paper (the prospects of this "paper" will be

given) according to the latest information.

2. Expectations for E-paper

For any displays, the basic function is reading ability. To (For) ordinary paper, it is not a problem because it need not worry about the resolution. But for E-paper, this is actually a core focus.

You (One) may not feel that how it difference traditional paper from your computer screen

(any difference between traditional paper and computer screen). However, when you check the

details of your picture (when checking the details of picture) on (the) computer screen, it is really

blur and possibly most of you (people) cannot bear it. Why this happens (does it happen?) Most of

the electronic screens designed now use LED display technology; massive crystals combined into unique orders and this show you the pattern (which show the pattern through the combination of massive crystals into unique orders). So (Hence) the quantity of these crystals will mostly decide

the definition.

Apart from definition, scientific research shows that to meet the demands of our (--) human

being’s reading, some particular target should be met, like contrast ratio, reflectance and others.

3. The Latest Technologies Challenge Traditional Paper (The Latest Challenge of Technologies to Traditional Paper)

4. A Bright Future of E-paper

How the new technologies are applied and how they will be (--) is a big question (problem). Because it is (, a problem) related to how our (the way) people see this world—read wood paper

Or screens.

Comparing (Compared) with the old wood paper, the special advantages that (E-paper show

its advantages such as) portability, huge information saving (--), (and) individuation is actually attractive (individuality) And comparing (compared) with traditional LED screen, it is more comfortable to read, (with) the stable image, wide viewing angle, high contrast ratio,

high-resolution all making it an excellent device for reading enthusiasts! So (Hence) a lot of new products with E-paper have come to our life.

5. Conclusion

Though there are many weakness (weaknesses) for E-paper now—it is fragile and we cannot get colorful display with low price (and expensive)—the trend shows that it will update quick (quickly) in the future. Most of us (people) possibly cannot imagine a world without wood paper because we (people) have been used of it for thousands of years. I am now expecting a prospect (A prospect is expected) that we (people) could bring a portable library and read like real book (books) in any place. If you (one) want (to) know how science change (changes) our life. (,) I

think (--) this essay may show you (--) the answer.

书2584页Translate the following sentences from Text 16 into Chinese.

1 风险评估文件中提到，被转变植物中的转基因成分与植物中所含的其它基因材料在人和动物的消化道中一并被摧毁。

2 因此我们决定进行一项研究，探寻在雌性鼠的主要饮食为美联储大豆（一种转基因食品）的情况下，这种最常见的转基因作物对大鼠幼崽生育率、死亡率和体重增加的影响。

3 众所周知，生大豆含有大量的抗营养素如凝集素，胰蛋白酶抑制剂（普兹泰等，1998），以及女性激素类物质，因此，有必要将没有补充大豆粉的控制对照组动物数据与这些数据进行对比研究。

4 更令人惊讶的是，由于幼崽更小，约正常大小的一半，因此会有更多奶提供给每个幼崽。

5 然而，没有观察到雌性大鼠的死亡，存活的幼崽也没有死亡，尽管它们也开始吃转基因大豆。由此可以推测，（转基因大豆的）负面影响可能被前两个因素中和了。

书261页Translate the following sentences from Text 17 into Chinese.

1 详细的实验结果表明：巴西坚果中2S 蛋白是巴西坚果的主要过敏原；转基因大豆中的最新表达蛋白保持了其过敏性，因此可能促使对巴西坚果过敏的病人发生临床反应。

2 第二个问题是：由于不清楚为什么对有的蛋白过敏，而有的不会，因此更难预测新的转基95

因是否表达了新的过敏原、是否导致再次过敏。

3 但是也存在明显的例外，特别是关于水果过敏原，即使缺乏这些特征也不能大胆地预测蛋白不会引发过敏。

4 不能根据氨基酸序列同源性来预测交叉反应性通常是因为折叠蛋白中出现了不连续（非线性）氨基酸序列组成的构象型抗原。

5 有共识报告建议：对食物的逐级评价应考虑基因的来源、与已知过敏原进行的氨基酸序

列对比、免疫学分析（体外和体内的）以及基因产物的物理化学性质。

书264页4 Translate the following sentences from Text 18 into Chinese.

1 为了研究大麻对身体的影响而不是它是如何产生的，本文基于大麻影响的持续时间和强度，提出了第三种分类。

2 有一次症状发生在一天第一次吸烟后，另一次在一天内抽了四支，第三支时发生了症状，因此我推断这与数量无关。

3 伯克通过这个例子想解释的道理是，大麻对身体的影响取决于个体吸食大麻的经历，这是人们谈论大麻对于身体的影响时需要考虑的要点。

4 最近由纳哈斯完成的关于吸大麻者的实验表明大麻影响身体生成DNA，而DNA 正是引

起细胞分裂和控制遗传特点的遗传物质。

5 了解大麻中其他成分的可能影响也是很重要的，这些成分虽然本身不会导致心理和生理上的活跃，但有可能影响另一部分成分的活动。

书267页4 Translate the following sentences from Text 19 into Chinese.

1 我们必须解释的是，这个问题与这部分人的身体健康密切相关，可能导致我们制定关于这类食品的一些规则。

2 这个部分在修辞上的用处在于提升了研究者的可信度，它向读者表明所呈现的数据都是基于对该领域进行过的研究的彻底了解，或许这些数据还是从原来一些研究中发展而来的。

3 如果要调查各种泳姿的相对效率，就要对所测试的游泳者的人数，所进行测试的性质，游泳者的经验，测试时的天气情况，和所有其他影响整个实验的因素进行详细说明。

4 虽然人们往往隐瞒那些不能支持自己假设的发现，但这种欺骗和学术领域中的真正研究活动是格格不入的。

5 虽然在高中里我们苦于写研究报告，在大学里仍旧害怕写，在工作岗位上也常常被写研究报告压得喘不过气来，但是学会轻松地接受这件事也是比较容易的。

学术英语理工类文献综述英文

学术英语 学院名称：材料科学与工程学院学生姓名：张庆飞 学号：7301013016 专业班级：新能源材料与器件131 2015年 6月16 日

The current development of genetically modified crops of China and its safety issues Zhang Qingfei (College of materials science and engineering, Nanchang University, 10001) Abstracts: GM technology as a new, highly efficient genetically modified technology, already widely used in the cultivation of new varieties of field crops. China's transgenic technology started earlier, China's current GM technology level in the forefront of the world, especially made great achievements in the cultivation of new varieties of crops. In this paper, the status quo using gene transfer on Chinese agriculture and safety of transgenic technology are introduced, and the resolve of GM safety issues some thought. On this basis, I made some new ideas of transgenic technology and application of transgenic technology development prospects were discussed. Keywords: GM technology; GM crops; GM safety issues; China Introduction: As the core of the biotechnology giant leap .Transgenic technology is known as the second "green revolution." In 1983, the world's first strain of transgenic tobacco plants marks the arrival of the era of gene transfer plants. In the ensuing decades, genetically modified crops developed rapidly. In 2014, there are 28 countries in the world planted GM crops, the planting area has reached more than 180 million hectares, Chinese genetically modified crops planting area is 3.6 million hectares. With the widespread planting of genetically modified crops, the impact of transgenic technology in agriculture is growing. As the research of GM crops, China has made great achievements in the research of rice and cotton. The development of anything will not be smooth. With the development of GM technology, its security deposit issues also be exposed. The safety of genetically modified crops has been disputed by people, opponents argue that GM crops have great potential risk, it should be resisted. What is more, some people exaggerate the risk of genetically modified crops. Aroused people's fear of genetically modified. In this paper, the people of GM crops concerns, the status of the development of GM crops were elaborated. Besides, security problems of genetically modified crops and their solutions will be discussed. The current development of genetically modified crops in china GM refers to the Technology that use molecular biology method to transfer the artificial separation and some modified biological gene to other species and change the genetic characteristics of the species .Plant transgenic technology is the genetic transformation of plants, making plants to meet human needs in aspects of shape, nutrition and consumer quality. China's biotech crop improvement research began in the 1980s, during the past 30 years, Chinese agricultural and biological high-tech has been developing rapidly. At present, China's hybrid rice, cotton and other advanced in the world. GM technology Applied on cotton, rice and other crops on behalf of China's development status of GM crops. As a cotton producing countries, the industrialization of Chinese insect-resistant cotton has brought huge economic and ecological benefits to Chinese

(完整word版)大学英语一期末考试题以及答案

精心整理 大学英语（一） 行政班级分级班级姓名学号 C. A measuring system. D. A control system. 2. A. Car prices. B. Car services.

C. The company’s business. D. The company’s culture. 3. A. It’s easy to do. B. It’s challenging. dialogue, there are some recorded questions. Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times. Conversation 1

6. A. Breakfast. B. Dinner. C. A 5 dollar gift card. D. Bus service to the airport. 10. A. Make an appointment with her. B. Talk with her about a new order.

C. Send her an email about the shipment. D. Call her back when receiving the shipment. Directions: This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections.

电大资源网《理工英语 》形成性考核册作业题目和答案

电大资源网《理工英语（3）》形成性考核册参考资料2018 《理工英语（3）》是国家开放大学2017年春季新开的课程之一，对国家开放大学的理科专业学生进行统一考试。该资料对学生完成学习任务起着一定的辅助作用。电大资源网还有国家开放大学其他课程的参考资料，可以参考。 注：本科目已按字母排版整理成期末考试小抄 作业1 一、交际用语（共计 10 分，每小题 2 分） 1-5 题：阅读下面的小对话，选择恰当的答语。 1. - How long is this cell phone guaranteed? - . A. No problem B. You can refund it in 7 days and exchange it in one year C. Don’t mention it 2. - It is a little expensive for me. Can I have a discount? - . A. You must be kidding B. It is terrible C. The price has been reduced by 50%. It is a real bargain 3. - Would you like to go to attend the conference on global warming with me? - .but I should finish my homework first. A. It’s hard to say B. You’re welcome C. I’d love to 4. - What do you think of your new computer? - . A. I think so. B. How about you? C. It is really fantastic. 5. - I have just got an iPod as my birthday gift. - . A. Good luck B. That’s right C. Congratulations 二、词汇与语法（共计 30 分，每小题 2 分） 6-20 题：阅读下面的句子，从 A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选顶。 6. You don’t have to start over from · A. scratch B. head C. again 7. Our company specializes architectural design. A. off B. in C. on 8. How will the war on his generation? A. effect B. affect C. impact 9. The store will for cash payment. A. discourse B. discourage C. discount 10. I didn’t know what to do, but then an idea suddenly to me.

学术英语理工类教师用书 细则

学术英语理工类平时分细则 序 号 比率细目内容备注 1 10% 考勤+平时表现学生考勤，课堂表现，作业情 况等教学过程中注重terminology 的学习，课本中的术语主要集中在每个text的“term and notes”部分和每个单元 enhance your academic language”部分中的“target words”,.术语的学习情况将在期末考试中体现。 2 15% 阶段考核摘要（abstract)写作， 文献综述（literature review )英 语写作Abstract: 1.200~250字； 2.基于前三单元其中任一篇TEXT； 3.按照教师讲授的标准格式；（Arial, 小四） 4.配予中文翻译； 5.打印上交批改并归档 6.抄袭舞弊不计成绩Literature Review: 1.400字左右；（课本上第四单元主题） 2.主题（参加说明.-主题1） 3.基于前四单元的学习内容 4.打印上交批改并归档 5.抄袭舞弊不计成绩 另： 1.期末考试将任选其中一种 2.期末Abstract的写作原文出自本教材中的19篇text 的其中一篇 3.期末Review的写作要求和内容和平时一样，但闭卷考试。 3 15% 演示科研成果Oral presentation 1.时间安排参照进度表 2.1～2人一组 3.基于本教材所授技能 4.主题（参见说明-主题1） 5.每位学生陈述时间至少3 分钟 6.不接受单纯读稿 7.每位学生单独得分

合计40% 说明： 1.主题： 1.1五大主题：cloud computing, climate change, genetically modified foods, nuclear radiation, nanotechnology .相关的subtopics 1.2 自选主题，但必须由课任老师审核通过 1.3 Review 的specific topic 尽早确定后，根据所学技能，进行相关信息搜索，整理成文。 2.期末考试完整题型后期会通知 3.期末考试已确定题型参加上表的“另” 4.Review的写作内容和oral presentation的内容可以保持连贯性 5.Oral presentation 要求每位学生陈述时间不少于3分钟，班级人少，时间充裕的班级，教师可视具体情况调整学生陈述时间长度。

大学英语精读1-期末考试卷及参考答案

大学英语专业精读1 期末考试卷 I. Word formation （40%） A. Give the corresponding nouns for the following verbs.给出下列动词的相应名词形式。（10%） 1. discover 2.depend 3.amaze 4.add 5.display 6.renew 7.suppose 8.treat 9.addict 10.accelerate B. Give the corresponding nouns for the following adjectives. （10%） 1.weak 2. angry 3. free 4. quick 5. clear 6. long 7.wide 8. sad 9.happy 10. moderate C. Give the corresponding verbs for the following nouns. （10%） 1. gardening 2. failure 3. fertilizer 4. enduring 5. mixture 6.liberation 7.alternative 8.result 9.satisfaction 10.requirement D. Give the corresponding synonyms for the following words and expressions. （10%） 1.barely 2. chilly 3. now and then 4. many 5. clever 6. turn up 7. keen 8. club 9.handsome 10.sensible II. Translate the Chinese into English. （30%） 1. We’ll stick by you___________________________________________（无论发生什么事）. 2. Keep in touch with your cultural roots, ___________________(无论你在世界何地). 3.We’ll bring the hostage home,___________________________（无论有多困难）. 4. I feel that you young people should understand____________________（生活中总是充满着机遇和挑战）. 5. When she learned____________________（她已经被那所大学录取）, she almost jumped for joy. 6.You must admit_________________________（所有这一切都表明我们的努力没有白费）. 7.He was running a great risk when he insisted_________________________________（地球是绕着太阳转的）. 8. The visitors were greatly impressed by________________________（这个村子过去30年所取得的成就）. 9. First-year college students are generally not clear about______________________________（他们应该从大学获取什么）. 10._____________________________（农民最想得到的东西）is just one thing. It is land. III. Translate the following sentences into English. （30%） 1. 我们现在缺少人手，你来得正好。 2. 已经有好几个同学在考虑竞选学生会主席。 3. 她警告我不要和那种追求个人名利的人交往。 4.多年来我们学校培养了很多学生，大多数都在各个部门重要岗位任职。 5. 她原以为哲学是非常枯燥的东西，可后来方发现它非常有意思。 6.他父亲刚过五十，可头发已经灰白了。不过，除此以外，他没事。 7.这里的老师和学生都认为学英语没有什么捷径。 8.我知道放弃这个机会十分愚蠢，但我别无选择。 9.有一天，那座新楼突然倒塌，楼里很多人都被埋了。 10.一种长久的友好关系要求双方都十分真诚。

2018年理工英语1考试答案汇总

一、交际用语 1. - I’m so excited to meet you. May I introduce myself to you? - . Sure. 2. - What’s your present job? - .I’m a film-maker. 3. 一 Goodbye, everyone. - Bye, Sally！Stay in touch.Don’t forget to write. 4. - We’d be pleased if you could join us for d inner. - .Yes, I’d love to. 5. - Welcome back, Mr. Smith! How about your business trip in Japan? - . Oh, fantastic! Mr. Mark is so satisfied with our project. 6. - A: Hello, Bill Burton speaking. What can I do for you? - B: Hello, Mr. Burton, this is Jenny Jenkins of Bradford and Sons returning your call. 7. - Is there anything I can do? - .Thanks, but I can manage. 8. We have to stay at home for a whole day. Why not go out and have a walk? - .It sounds like a good idea. 9. -Would you like a glass of wine? - No, thanks.I don’t drink. 10. – Excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest bus stop is? 一I’m sorry, I have no idea. I am a stranger here. 11. 一 Excuse me. You must be Mr. Liu Hua from China? - .Yes. Nice to meet you. 12. - Would you mind joining for the picnic tomorrow? - .So sorry. Next time we’ll go. Thanks anyway. 13. 一 Susan, what do you think of my plan? - . It’s reasonable. 14. – Excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest bus stop is? 一I’m sorry, I have no idea. I am a stranger here 15. - Wou ld you please open this suitcase for me? I can’t open it. - OK, let me see. 16.—_ May I speak to Mark? —He is not available right now. Can I take a message? 二、词汇与结构 1. Each apartment only takes 15 to 30 square meters for one unit. 2. -Can I help you, sir? -I’d like to have 100 pieces of paper. I want my students to draw pictures. 3. You know, this bridge connects Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macau. 4. One day they crossed the old Chinese stone bridge behind the palace. 5. This box is as heavy as that one. 6. I h ope you’11 enjoy working with us in the future. 7. Let's meet at 7:30 outside the gate of the People’s Park 8. I really like that car you recommended and I am thinking of buying it. 9. -Sonia, do you think you are different from Linda? 一Yes. I’ better m at drawing than her. 10. I'd love to share with you my new kitchenware. 11. People who do not have wood must spend large amounts of money on cooking fuel. 12. Nick was offered a job in a bank, but to our surprise, he didn’t take it.

理工学术英语literature review

2015-2016学年第二学期学术英语理工类期中考试 班级:材料成型及控制工程145班学号：5901214047姓名：朱亿成绩: Computer Security The two following articles are on the security of computer.The first one was in the view of hackers,which was talking about the ways to utilize computer vulnerabilities. The first paper firstly redefines the term “hacker”, “cracker” and “getting inside” the computers and describes the procedure in detail. The term “unauthorized user” (UU) will be a better choice for defining the insider group. The known and unknown vulnerabilities will be taken advantage of by UUs ranging from poor password protection to leaving a computer turned on and physically accessible to visitors in the office. The first step of employing technical exploits will be the determination of the specifications of the target system. There are two ways of attacking including being through capabilities inherent in hypertext transfer protocol (http) and being preprogrammed against specific vulnerabilities and launched without any specific target.(Julie,2004) The variability of hacking action including the weak system and the strong system warns the users to choose the right way to protect the computer and do not authorize the computer to others easily. Lastly, the solution of avoiding vulnerabilities has been given, including updating patches, making complex passwords, getting information only from the reliable websites or services, updating anti-virus software and backing up the data to protect the computer not being hacked. Then,the second work was like a supplement to the first article.which involved getting imformaton only from the reliable websites,which was refered in the second article.Always,people are not to know how to use computer safely, update patches, make complex passwords, get information from the reliable websites or services, updae anti-virus software and back up the data to protect the computer not being hacked.So,this article would play a pivotal role in the aspect of computer security.It was a websites guide leading to the security imformation and service for acounts.This guide is intended to present a selected list of sites that cover the basic issues of computer security and which provide useful information for the non-expert (librarian, undergraduate student, office manager, etc.) who wants to learn more about this increasingly important subject. The categories are intended to offer points of departure for some of the many aspects

《大学英语(1)期末考试卷A

▆■■■■■■■■■■■■

▆

▆■■■■■■■■■■■■ —__________C A. Yes, I am . B. No, I don’t. C. No, I’ve never been there. D. Certainly, I went there. 三、语法与词汇：30%(答案必须填在答卷表格里,否则不得分) 1. We all believe that computer ______ smaller and smaller in the coming years.C A. can be become B. will be got C. will be changed D. can turn 2. He ___________________ not to leave waste paper in public places any more.B A. warns B. warned C. is warned D. was warned 3. That factory _________ nearly 50 years ago. A. has been built B. had built C. was built D. has built 4. Don’t worry. Everything will _____________ in time. A. be finished B. finish C. finished D. be finishing 5. Her application for the position _______________ by the boss. A. was refused B. was refusing C. refused D. is refusing 6. He__________ the Communist Party_____________2002.D A. has joined, in B. has joined, since C. joined, on D. joined, in 7. Jack_________ in the street when I_________ on him.D A. walked…called B. was walking …was calling C. walked … was calling D. was walking …called 8. “Where is Mary?” “She__________ to school.”C A. will go B. has been C. has gone D. went 9. This time last year I___________ my holiday in the countryside.B A. have B. was having C. am having D. have had 10. I’m sorry that I__________ you had been there already.B A. won’t know B. didn’t know C. don’t know D. haven’t known 11. By the end of 2020 China _____________ much stronger and richer.D A. will become B. would become C. is becoming D. will have become 12. It _______________ years since I last saw you.D A. was B. is C. will be D. has been 13. I __________ my homework now.C A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished 14. The room _____________ often cleaned by the worker.D A. has B. will be C. was D. is 15. The railway ______________ in three years.D A. is complete B. will completed C. has completed D. will be completed 四．英译汉：30% Drinking habits vary widely among Americans. Some families never serve any drinks, others have them before dinner, or perhaps after dinner. You are more likely to be offered a cocktail before dinner than wine with the meal. If you do not get used to American cocktails, you can ask for something else. Moreover, drinks may be poured over ice. （翻译答案必须填写在第1页答卷上，不要在此处答题，否则不得分）

理工英语1考试复习资料(附答案)

理工英语1 第一部分交际用语(10分) 1-5题：根据对话内容选择恰当的选项。（每题2分，共10分） 1. --- Haven’t seen you for ages, Mike. _________ --- Pretty good. Everything goes well. A. What are you doing? B. How are you? C. How is it going? 答案: C 解析:本题考查“询问”情景的交际用语。What are you doing意为“你在做什么?”；How are you意为“你好吗?”；How is it going意为“情况如何”。根据答语，相当不错，诸事顺利，可知问话应是：迈克几年不见了，情况如何? 所以答案选C。 2. —______ will it take me to walk there? —About ten minutes. A．How far B．How long C．How much 答案：B 解析：本题考查“指路问路”的交际用语。根据答复里的信息“About ten minutes.”,我们得知应当是就时间长短发出询问。How far是对距离有多远的提问；How much是对数量有多少的提问;选项B则是对时间长短的提问，所以答案是B。 3. --- why not dine out together and go to the movies? --- ________________________________________ A. You deserve that.

B. Sounds like a good idea. C. Thank you. 答案：B 解析：本题是考查“接受邀请”的交际用语。对于提出的邀请，应该表示感谢，并根据情况 做出进一步说明，所以答案是B。 4. ---A: I can put you down for eleven o’clock. Is that OK? ---B: A. Oh, I’ll be having an interview that time. How about 3 o’clock in the afternoon? B. Friday is good. C. Yes, we could. 答案：A 解析：本题考查“商议具体见面时间”的交际用语。第一说话人询问I can put you down for eleven o’clock，安排到11点,这个时间行不行? 答语应给予明确的回答，同不同意约1 1点这个时间，如不同意的话给出建议的另一时间, 所以答案是A。 5. --- Marry, ? ---While, what do you want me to do? A. can I help you? B. where are you? C. will you do me a favor 答案：C

最新《理工英语1》形成性考核真题卷一(含答案)

2020年最新电大《理工英语1》考试（题目和答案） 《理工英语1》形成性考核真题 《理工英语1》期末复习题库 手动整理的，考试真题基本上都包括在内！ 主页还有其他专业各科试题库，或许有你想要的~ 1. [单选题]交际用语: - Excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest bus stop is? - I'm sorry, | have no idea. I A. am a stranger here B.am a new C. don't know 2. [单选题]交际用语: -We've booked a table. We hope you can join us. - A.O B. How can I resist such a gracious invitation! C. I don't think so. 3. [单选题]交际用语: - I'm going to Hainan for my holiday. - A. Have a nice trip B. Not at all

C. thanks a lot. 4. [单选题]交际用语: - Welcome back, Mr. Smith! How about your business trip in Japan? - A.1 don't like the Japanese food. B. Don't ask me. C. Oh, fantastic! Mr. Mark is so satisfied with our project. 5. [单选题]交际用语:-Would you like a glass of wine? -I don't drink. A. Yes, please. B. No, thanks. C. I don't like it. 6. [单选题]词汇与结构: () is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer. A. As B. That C. Who 7. [单选题]词汇与结构: This article deals with the natural phenomenon

学术英语理工类课后题 详解答案

Reading: Text 1 1.Match the words with their definitions. 1g 2a 3e 4b 5c 6d 7j 8f 9h 10i 2. Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary. 1 symbolic 2distributed 3site 4complex 5identify 6fairly 7straightforward 8capability 9target 10attempt 11process 12parameter 13interpretation 14technical 15range 16exploit 17networking 18involve 19 instance 20specification 21accompany 22predictable 23profile 3. Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold. Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above. ranging from（从……到） arise from some misunderstandings（来自于对……误解） leaves a lot of problems unsolved（留下很多问题没有得到解决） opens a path for（打开了通道） requires a different frame of mind（需要有新的思想） 4.Translate the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese. 1) 有些人声称黑客是那些超越知识疆界而不造成危害的好人（或即使造成危害，但并非故意而为），而“骇客”才是真正的坏人。 2) 这可以指获取计算机系统的存储内容，获得一个系统的处理能力，或捕获系统之间正在交流的信息。 3) 那些系统开发者或操作者所忽视的不为人知的漏洞很可能是由于糟糕的设计造成的，也可能是为了让系统具备一些必要的功能而导致计划外的结果。 4) 另一种是预先设定好程序对特定易受攻击对象进行攻击，然而，这种攻击是以鸟枪式的方式发出的，没有任何具体目标，目的是攻击到尽可能多的潜在目标。 5) 另外，考虑安装一个硬件防火墙并将从互联网中流入和流出的数据限定在几个真正需要的端口，如电子邮件和网站流量。 Reading: Text 2 1.Match the words with their definitions. 1d 2f 3h 4i 5a 6e 7b 8j 9g 10c https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ce10760221.html,plete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary. 1 compromised 2notoriety 3 interchangeably 4malfunctioned 5squeeze 6 ingenious 7 emergence 8 humble 9 Cunning 10 vulnerability 11criminal 12patches 13 sinister 14daunting 15replicate 16malicious 17 spirals 18secure 19blur 20 stem 21 disrepute 22 sophisticated 23harness 24 recipient 25convert