虚拟语气及答案

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反

I: 最基本的虚拟语气句型:

1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过

去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。

If places were a like, there would be little need for geographers.

如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。

2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时

即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。

If he had known your address yesterday, he would have telephoned you.

3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓

语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should

/could/ might +动词原形。

If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday

4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。

有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词

提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。

Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.

Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.

Were I in your place, I wouldn't do that

5. 有时虚拟条件句并没来if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。

We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.

Without you help, I wouldn't have achieved so much.

But for your help, I would not have succeeded.

II: 虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况:

1. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的动词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略. 如advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote. 常考到的是: suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request.

His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.

The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day.

2. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的名词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should可以省略. 如advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.

It was Bill's suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.

His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.

He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.

3. 在It is/was +形容词后的that 从句中用should的结构, should 可以省略. 这类形容词常见的有: advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.

It‘s natural that she (should) do so.

It is essential that we (should) tell her the news.

4. 在lest 和for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)从句中用should, should 可以省略.

She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.

Have your gun ready in case we should need it.

III: wish 后的that 从句中:

1. 表示现在或将来的愿望,从句中过去式.

I wish I knew his address.

I wish I were young.

2. 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望, 从句用过去完成式或would, could, might + have + 过去分词.

I wish you had written to him.

I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

3. 如果将wish改成wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变.

4. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求

I wish he would answer my letter.

I wish prices would come down.

I wish you would help me.

I wish you would stop asking silly questions.

IV: 在It's about/ high/ first(second, third etc) time 后的that 从句中, 用过去式. 表示“该是做什么的时候了”

It is about time you were in bed.

It is high time we left.

It is the first time I came here.

V: 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中, 用过去式或过去完成式, 表示”宁愿做什么”

I would rather he came tomorrow than today.

John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.

VI: 在if only 感叹句中, 谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.

If only he didn't drive so fast! (现在)

If only she had asked someone's advice.(过去)

If only the rain would stop.(将来)

VII: 在as if / as though 从句中, 表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑, 用过去式; 表示过去想象中的动作或情况, 用过去完成式.

He speaks as if he were on the spot.

She spoke to me as if I were deaf.

This device operated as though it had been repaired.

注: 1. 在as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成为事实,

用陈述语气.

He looks as if he is going to be ill.

2. 在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气.

she insists that she is right.

she insisted that I should finish the work at once.

错综时间的虚拟句

通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.

If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。

换成我是你，我就会听从他的建议。

If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。如果我今天早上带了雨衣，现在就不会被淋湿了。

If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.

（从句指过去，主句指现在）。如果过去几年里不努力工作，现在的情况就不会如此顺利了。

If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。如果当时的天气更好点，现在的庄稼就会长得更好。

If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. （从句指现在，主句指将来）

如果现在一切还没准备好，明天情况就更糟了。

三、含蓄条件句

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,二是暗含在上下文中,比如通过介词短语来表示。这些介词常是：but for, without, otherwis等。如：

But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully.

如果不是听了你的建议，我就不会做的如此成功。

The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy.

没有开放的政策，就不会有如此大的变化。

I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer.

我当时很忙，否则，我就会把答案告诉他的。

四、虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用

1、wish后的宾语从句（would rather (sooner) 后也是如此）

I would rather they came tomorrow. 我宁愿他们明天来。

How I wish it wasn’t raining now. 如果现在不下雨该多好呀！

I wish I had not been to yesterday’s party. 我要不去参加昨天的宴会就好了！

但would rather 后没有主语则应使用零不定式.

英语语法虚拟语气专项练习

一、单项选择:

1.If I had had enough time, I___ my work.

A.would finish

B.must have finished

C.would have finished

D.had finished

2.Ten minutes earlier, they ___ the plane.

A.will catch

B.would catch

C.would have caught

D.will have caught

3.Mr Green requires that the students ___ a composition every other week.

A.write

B.writen

C.would write

D.will write

4.Had he studied hard, he___ the exam.

A.would pass

B.could pass

C.had passed

D.would have passed

5.I wish I ___ what is happening there in his room.

A.know

B.known

C.knew

D.should know

6.It is important that you ___ sports every day.

A.have

B.would have

C.must have

D.will have

7.If there were no water in the world, everything ___.

A.will die

B.would die

C.would have died

D.would have been dead

8. ___ what was going to happen ,I would never have left her alone.

A.Had I known

B.If I know

C.If I knew

D.If had I known

9.He ordered that the work ___ right away.

A.should finish

B.finished

C.would be finished

D.be finished

10.—Shall we go to the movie tonight?

—No, I'd rather ___ at home with our baby. You'd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.

A.you stayed

B.you stay

C.stayed

D.stay

11. ___ in your position, I would help him.

A.Was I

B.Were I

C.If I am

D.If I had been

12.I ___, but I was stopped by the heavy rain.

A.mean to come

B.meant to come

C.had meant to come

D.meant coming

13.Mrs Black insists___ in that old hotel.

A.not to stay

B.not staying

C.staying not

D.that she not stay

14.If you had spoken clearly, you would___.

A.understand it

B.have understood

C.be understood

D.have been understood

15.If you ___ that late movie last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.

A.haven't watched

B.hadn't watched

C.didn't watch

D.wouldn't have watched

16.The foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he ___ a Chinese.

A.is

B.be

C.should be

D.was

17.—If he ___, he___ that food.

—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A.was warned; would not take

B.would be warned; had not taken

C.had been warned;would not have taken

D.would have been warned; had not taken

18.Without electronic computers, much of today's advanced technology ___ achieved.

A.will not be

B.would not be

C.would not have been

D.cannot have been

二、用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空:

1.If you ___ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.

2.It's time that we ___ (go) to the railway station.

3.If they___ (not help) us ,our experiment would have failed.

4.You're five minutes late.I suggested that you ___ (come )earlier tomorrow.

5.Mather often tells us that it is necessary that we ___ (drink) a glass of water after we get up.

6.She insisted that she___ (send) to work in the faraway small town.

7. ___ I not ___ (forget) his telephone number,I would have rung him.

8.He is busy now. If he ___ (be) free, he___ (go) with you.

9.The manager was in his office then. If he ___ (be) here, everything ___ (settle) in a minute.

10.Noisy as it was, he went on reading as if nothing ___ (happen).

三、完成句子

1.真想不到我们俩会在这里见面.

It's strange that we___here.

2.如果没有参加玛丽的生日聚会的话,我们彼此就不会认识了.

If we hadn't taken part in Mary's birthday party, we___each other.

3.—这么近的路,我们应该步行到车站来.

—是啊,根本没必要乘出租车.

—We_________to the station, it was so near.

—Yes. A taxi wasn't at all necessary.

4.万一明天下雨的话,我们将不得不推迟参观颐和园.

___it rain tomorrow, we ______to put off the visit to the Summer Palace.

四、句型转换

1.It is necessary for college students to master at least one foreign language. It is necessary ___ college students ______ at least one foreign language.

2.Without sunlight, there would be neither plants nor animals.

____________ sunlight, there would be neither plants nor animals.

3.She insisted on translating the sentence this way.

She insisted that the sentence _________ this way.

4.The students suggested going there on foot.

The students suggested ______ there on foot.

5.She suggested that we should go to his help.

______is that we ___ to his help.

6.Lucy didn't come to class today because she didn't feel well.

___she ___ well, she _________ to class today.

7.I don't know French, so I can't talk to the French friends.

If I ___French, I could talk to the French friends.

8.He didn't take his parents' advice and he is not a college student now.

If he ______ his parents' advice, he ______ a college student now.

9.The professor helped me a lot and I finished the work.

I couldn't ______ the work ___ the professor's help.

参考答案

一、1-5 CCADC6-10 ABADA11-15 BCDDB 16-18 DCC

二、1.had arrived 2.went (should go) 3.had not helped

4.(should) come

5.(should) drink

6.(should) be sent

7.Had; forgotten

8.were;would go

9.had been;would have been settled10.were happening

三、1.meet 2.wouldn't have known 3.should have walked

4.Should; would have

四、 1.that; should master 2.If there were no 3.should be translated

4.they go

5.Her suggestion; go

6.Had; felt; would have come

7.knew8.had taken; would be9.have finished; without

(完整版)虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题[1]

虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题 虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动 作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种： 一.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 注意:主句中的should 通常用于第一人称,would 可用于任何人称,同时 也可根据意思用情态动词could,might 等代替should,would 。 If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately. country. 3.与将来事实相反 If it were to/should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off. If you went there next time, you would see what I mean. 4.错综时间虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动 词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如: If I were you, I would have gone home.

If you had followed the doctor's advice,you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。) If the weather had been more favorable ,the crops would be growing still better. 状语从句 1. 方式状语as if(as though) 如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用"had+过去分词";表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用"would(might,could)+动词原形"。例如: He looks at me as if I were mad. He spoke English so fluently as if he had studied English in England. 但as if(as though)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。例如: It looks as if our side is going to win. 2.目的状语in order that,so that 从句谓语动词用" may/might,can/could)+动词原形"。例如: She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted. 3. 连词引导的条件状语从句: in case , unless ,supposing ,providing,on condition that从句谓语动词用(should)或" might, could)+动词原形"。 4. 连词引导的步状语从句: lest ,for fear that等 We hid behind some bushes for fear that passer-by should see us. 二.虚拟语气用于宾语从句 注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。 He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking. They demanded that the black people should be treated as well as white people. 如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。 He insists that he is right.

虚拟语气练习题及答案

虚拟语气练习题 用所给动词的适当形式填空： Part A. 1.If people ______(drive) more slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents. 2.If you had worked carefully, you _____(not make) so many mistakes. 3.The boat wouldn’t have drifted away, if we _____ (tie) it up. 4.If I had known you already _____(have) a typewriter, I _____(not, buy) one for your birthday. 5.If he _____(be) here this afternoon I would go with him. 6.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match _____(postpone). 7.But for your help, we ______(not be) able to finish the work in time. 8.If it _____(not, be) for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so much. 9.I wish I _____(study) hard while I was young. 10.It is about time that fence ______(mend). 11.My request is that we ______(hold) another session to discuss the problem. 12.It is strange that the car _____(break) down at exactly the same place where it _____(break) down yesterday. 13.The baby smiled as if he _____(understand) what his mother _____(say). 14.He talked as if he _____(do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _____(do) most of it. 15.If only we _____(have) a phone! I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone box. 16.----- “Can we come in late tomorrow?” ----- “I’d rather you _____(come) in on time.” 17.He looks as if he _____(be) ill for a long time. 18.He always talks as though he ______(address) a public meeting. 19.If a metal ______(heat), it will expand. 20.I _____(stay) home if it rains this evening. Part B. 1.She would call you immediately if she _____(need) help. 2.If I had seen the movie, I _____(tell) you all about it now. 3.If he _____(decide) earlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight. 4._______ I _____(take) my umbrella with me when I _____(come) out this morning, I _____(not be) so wet now. 5.If you had listened to me, you _____ (not be) in such trouble now. 6.I wish they _____ (stop) making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my work. 7.It is inconceivable that he _____ (not see) me that day for I ______(wave) to her. 8.What a pity that he gave orders that all those lovely trees _____(cut) down. 9.Mr. Jones would rather _____(stay) home last night. 10.Henry would rather that his brother _____(work) in the same department as he does. 11.Electric current flows through a conductor as though it _____(be) a fluid. 12.We _____(invite) her to the party but we didn’t know that she ______(already, come) back from abroad. 13.Today’s industrial production ______(be) impossible without the contribution made by the science of physics. 14.I hate driving. I’d much rather you _____(drive). 15.The guests ______(arrive) last night, but there is still no news about them. 16.Mother_____(feel) anxious if I came home late. 17.Even if I ______(be) with you then, I ______(can, not, do) much for you.

精选虚拟语气练习题含答案

虚拟语气练习题 一．用所给动词的适当形式填空： Part A. 1.If people ______(drive) more slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents. 2.If you had worked carefully, you _____(not make) so many mistakes. 3.The boat wouldn’t have drifted away, if we _____ (tie) it up. 4.If I had known you already ____(have) a typewriter, I ____(not, buy) one for your birthday. 5.If he _____(be) here this afternoon I would go with him. 6.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match _____(postpone). 7.But for your help, we ______(not be) able to finish the work in time. 8.If it _____(not, be) for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so much. 9.I wish I _____(study) hard while I was young. 10.It is about time that fence ______(mend). 11.My request is that we ______(hold) another session to discuss the problem. 12.It is strange that the car _____(break) down at exactly the same place where it _____(break) down yesterday. 13.The baby smiled as if he _____(understand) what his mother _____(say). 14.He talked as if he ____(do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _____(do) most of it. 15.If only we _____(have) a phone! I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone box. 16.----- “Can we come in late tomorrow?” ----- “I’d rather you _____(come) in on time.” 17.He looks as if he _____(be) ill for a long time. 18.He always talks as though he ______(address) a public meeting. 19.If a metal ______(heat), it will expand. 20.I _____(stay) home if it rains this evening. Part B. 1.She would call you immediately if she _____(need) help. 2.If I had seen the movie, I _____(tell) you all about it now. 3.If he _____(decide) earlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight. 4._______ I _____(take) my umbrella with me when I _____(come) out this morning, I _____(not be) so wet now. 5.If you had listened to me, you _____ (not be) in such trouble now. 6.I wish they _____ (stop) making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my work. 7.It is inconceivable that he _____ (not see) me that day for I ______(wave) to her. 8.What a pity that he gave orders that all those lovely trees _____(cut) down. 9.Mr. Jones would rather _____(stay) home last night. 10.Henry would rather that his brother _____(work) in the same department as he does. 11.Electric current flows through a conductor as though it _____(be) a fluid. 12.We _____(invite) her to the party but we didn’t know that she ______(already, come) back from abroad. 13.Today’s industrial production ______(be) impossible without the contribution made by the science of physics. 14.I hate driving. I’d much rather you _____(drive). 15.The guests ______(arrive) last night, but there is still no news about them. 16.Mother_____(feel) anxious if I came home late. 17.Even if I ______(be) with you then, I ______(can, not, do) much for you. 18.A less conscientious man ______(not, try) so hard to get this job done. 19.Do you wish that you ______(have) a sister like her? 20.Isn’t it surprising that he ______(have) two car accidents during the past week? 二．辨认并改正错误： 1.I should be most happy to go down with you but I was very busy right then. 2.If her great grandfather would have lived three more days he would have been 100 years old. 3.If George Washington were president today, I would have wondered what he would do about the United States’ foreign affairs in the Middle East. 4.It was suggested that Pedro studies the material more thoroughly before attempting to pass the examination. 5.He gave orders that the horses were made ready at once as he was pressed for time. 6.The scientist thinks it necessary that all the inventions of mankind must be used for good, not for evil. 7.We felt like we had lost a friend when the foreman along with his four assistants was unfairly discharged.

语法知识—虚拟语气的专项训练

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(完整word版)虚拟语气及答案

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虚拟语气专项练习经典

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精选虚拟语气练习题含答案

. 5.If you had listened to me, you _____ (not be) in such trouble now. 虚拟语气练习题 6.I wish they _____ (stop) making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my work. 一．用所给动词的适当形式填空： 7.It is inconceivable that he _____ (not see) me that day for I ______(wave) to her. Part A. 8.t be so many accidents. What a pity that he gave orders that all those lovely trees _____(cut) down. 1.If people ______(drive) more slowly, there wouldn'9.2.If you had worked carefully, you _____(not make) so many mistakes. Mr. Jones would rather _____(stay) home last night. 10.Henry would rather that his brother _____(work) in the same department as he does. 3.The boat wouldn't have drifted away, if we _____ (tie) it up. 11.Electric current flows through a conductor as though it _____(be) a fluid. 4.If I had known you already ____(have) a typewriter, I ____(not, buy) one for your birthday. 12.We _____(invite) her to the party but we didn5.If he _____(be) here this afternoon I would go with him. 't know that she ______(already, come) back from abroad. 6.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match _____(postpone). 13.But for your help, we ______(not be) able to finish the work in time. 7.Today's industrial production ______(be) impossible without the contribution made by the science of physics. If it _____(not, be) for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so much. 8.14.9.I wish I _____(study) hard while I was young. I hate driving. I'd much rather you _____(drive). 15.10.It is about time that fence ______(mend). The guests ______(arrive) last night, but there is still no news about them. 16.Mother_____(feel) anxious if I came home late. My request is that we ______(hold) another session to discuss the problem. 11. 17.It is strange that the car _____(break) down at exactly the same place where it _____(break) Even if I ______(be) with you then, I ______(can, not, do) much for you. 12.18.down yesterday. A less conscientious man ______(not, try) so hard to get this job done. 19.Do you wish that you ______(have) a sister like her? 13.The baby smiled as if he _____(understand) what his mother _____(say). 20.Isn'14.He talked as if he ____(do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _____(do) most of it. t it surprising that he ______(have) two car accidents during the past week? If only we _____(have) a phone! I'm tired of queuing outside the public phone box.

完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图

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复习专题虚拟语气专项练习题及答案

复习专题虚拟语气专项练习题及答案 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．–I argued with my best friend. What should I do? --If I ________ you, I would say sorry to her. A．am B．was C．are D．were 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：我和我最好的朋友吵架了。我该怎么办？如果我是你，我就对她说对不起。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。在虚拟条件语气句中，表示与现在事实相反的事实，条件从句中的谓语动词用过去式（be用were不用was），主句谓语动词为“would+原形动词”，所以选D。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 2．If I you, I give it to Microsoft research. A．am, will B．am, would C．were, would D．was, would 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：如果我是你，我会把它交给微软研究部。 考查虚拟语气。根据If I you，这是一个虚拟语气，此句虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设，即与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式；该语法主要用于if条件状语从句，本句“如果我是你”，be动词用were，后面主句用过去将来时would＋动词原形，故答案选C。 3．I suggest that we Chinese people_______Chinese culture with love and joy everywhere we go. A．spread B．spreading C．to spread D．will spread 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我建议我们中国人无论走到哪里都要带着爱心和欢乐来传播中国文化， 考查动词suggest后跟虚拟语气。spread是动词原形；spreading是动名词；to spread是动词不定式；will spread是一般将来时。动词在这里suggest表示建议，后面宾语从句中使用虚拟语气should+动词原形，should可以省略。根据句意说明本句的suggest表示建议，故后面使用虚拟语气，省略了should，故选A。 【点睛】 动词suggest 后面可以跟名词作宾语，用于句型“suggest sth.”。如：I suggested a visit. 我提议参观。 suggest 后跟动名词作宾语，如：He suggested going home. 他提议回家。 suggest后面跟that引导的宾语从句时，用虚拟语气，一般省略情态动词should，所以本题选项是A。

中考英语虚拟语气专项训练及答案及解析

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