武汉大学思想政治教育考博专业课试题

武汉大学2008年博士研究生入学考试试题

马克思主义思想政治教育原著选读

1、试论述“凡属于思想性质的问题，凡属于人民内部的争论问题，只能用民主的方法去解决，只能用讨论的方法、批评的方法、说服教育的方法去解决，而不能用强制的，压服的方法去解决。”

试述正确处理人民内部矛盾。（30分）

2、试分析列宁的“工人阶级本来也不可能有社会主义民主主义意识。这种意识只能从外面灌输进去。”

试述“灌输”理论。（30分）

3、论述马克思主义“人的本质”理论，以及对正确加快人的社会化的影响。

马克思主义人的本质理论是什么？如何促进人的社会化？（40分）

思想政治教育理论与方法

1、试论述推进当代中国马克思主义大众化。

如何推进当代中国马克思主义大众化？（30分）

2、试论述心理咨询的思想政治教育价值及其实现。

心理疏导的思想政治教育价值的实现。（30分）

3、阐述国家文化软实力的科学内涵及其提升。

国家文化软实力的科学内涵和提升的措施。（40分）

武汉大学2010年思想政治教育专业考博真题

科目一：马克思主义思想政治教育经典原著选读（共三题）

1、为什么说马克思列宁主义的基本原则就是要使群众认识自己的利益并且团结起来为自己的利益而奋斗？（30分）

2、为什么说思想掌握群众是精神变物质的先决条件？（30分）

3、恩格斯曾经指出:“就个别人来说,他的行动的一切动力,都一定要通过他的头脑,一定要转变为他的意志的动机,才能使他行动起来。”为什么？循此如何增强人们的精神动力？（40分）

科目二：思想政治教育原理与方法（共三题）

1、论科学建构思想政治教育主客体关系的意义及其重点。（30分）

2、为什么说人们思想的形成是客观反映和主观建构的统一？（30分）

3、论全球思想文化交流交融交锋的新特点及其对思想政治教育提出的新课题。

（40分）

答题心得体会：

1、夯实学科理论的基础知识（如思想政治教育主体及其争论焦点；精神鼓励与物质鼓励相结合的原则）；

2、关注出题教师的研究兴趣（如骆郁廷老师的学术专长和研究偏好

——《精神动力论》，精神力量与物质力量之间的关系）；

3、掌握学科研究的前沿动向（如提升文化软实力；马克思主义大众化、中国化、时代化）。

2011年武汉大学思想政治教育考博专业课试题

马克思主义思想政治教育经典著作

1、如何理解“意识在任何时候都只能是被意识到了的存在，而人们的存在就是他们的现实生活过程。”

2、“只有以先进理论为指南的党，才能实现先进战士的作用”的内涵及建设马克思主义学习型政党。

3、“凡属于思想性质的问题，凡属于人民内部的争论问题，只能用民主的方法去解决，只能用讨论的方法、批评的方法、说服教育的方法去解决，而不能用强制的，压服的方法去解决。”

思想政治教育理论与方法

1、试论自我教育中的主体与客体。

2、试论思想政治教育的政治性、文化性、科学性及其关系。

3、试论人的本质及其塑造。

2012年武汉大学思想政治教育考博专业课试题

马克思主义经典著作选读

1、“掌握政治教育，是团结全党进行政治斗争的根本保证”

2、“所谓教育‘不问政治’,教育‘不讲政治’,都是资产阶级的伪善说法,无非是对99％受教会控制和私有制等等压迫的群众的欺骗。”

3、“统治阶级的思想是每个时代占统治地位的思想”对这句话怎样理解？如何加强我国主流意识形态的主导性

马克思在《德意志意识形态》中明确指出：“统治阶级的思想在每一个时代都是占统治地位的思想。”居于统治地位的社会意识才是该社会的意识形态，起主导作用的只能是一个，这就是意识形态的一元化。历史上各个社会都有自己的社会价值导向，在当代中国，作为社会价值导向的是“社会主义核心价值体系”。

思想政治教育理论与方法

1、思想政治教育的民主性

2、思想政治教育的本质是什么？研究思想政治教育的本质有何理论和现实意义

3、何为文化自信，阐述思想政治教育如何加强文化自信

06年

必答题：1.邓小平社会主义本质论内涵及意义。

2.思想品德形成发展的内在机制

任选题：1.结合当代中国马克思主义新发展的实际，论述马克思主义与时俱进的理论品质。

2.试述思想政治教育如何体现整体德育理念。

方向题：思想政治教育在构建社会主义和谐社会中的现实价值及基本要求。

07年

简答

1.社会主义本质的内涵和意义

2.思想政治教育的内化机制

论述

3.为什么说马克思主义具有与时俱进的理论品质

综合（方向题）

4.思想政治教育对构建社会主义的现实价值（两者关系）

原著

一、简答

1.社会主义从空想到科学的发展

二、任选

2.劳动价值论

三、方向题

3.青年团的任务

08年

原著

1.毛泽东《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》

2.列宁《怎么办》

3.马克思主义关于人的本质理论

原理

1.理解当代马克思主义大众化

2.心理疏导在思想政治教育中的价值及其实现

3.国家文化软实力的科学内涵及其提升

09年

原著：

1.怎样理解“学校教育要始终把坚定的政治方向放在第一位”？

2.怎样理解“只有了解人类创造的一切财富，才能成为真正的共产主义者”？

3.结合金融危机，谈谈资本主义基本矛盾。

原理：

1.谈谈思想政治教育人力资源开发的价值。

2.试论思想政治教育主体的历史演进。

3.结合金融危机，谈谈社会主义信念教育。

武汉大学2017博士英语

武汉大学 2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题 （满分值100分） 科目名称：英语科目代码：1101 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions:In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong with the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth. Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase.But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.

北京师范大学思想政治教育专业王树荫、张润枝思想政治教育理论与实践研究考博真题-参考书-状元经验

北京师范大学思想政治教育专业王树荫、张润枝思想政治教育理论与实践 研究考博真题-参考书-状元经验 一、专业的设置 北京师范大学马克思主义学院每年招收博士生7人，下设中共党史、马克思主义基本原理、马克思主义中国化研究以及思想政治教育，共四个专业。思想政治教育专业下设思想政治教育理论与实践研究，两位导师分别为王树荫和张润枝。 二、考试的科目 思想政治教育的考试科目为：①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2242中国特色社会主义理论体系研究③3003思想政治教育原理与方法 三、导师介绍 王树荫：北京师范大学马克思主义学院院长、教授、博士生导师、博士后合作导师，北京市高等学校（青年）学科带头人. 张润枝：博士。现为北京师范大学马克思主义学院（政治学与国际关系学院）党委书记，教授，博士生导师；兼任中国改革研究会常务理事。 四、参考书目 专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容： 第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明考博联系。参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。另外，考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询叩叩：肆九叁叁，柒壹六，贰六，专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。

第二，专题信息汇总整理。每一位考生在复习专业课的最后阶段都应当进行专题总结，专题的来源一方面是度历年真题考点的针对性遴选，另一方面是导师研究课题。最后一方面是专业前沿问题。每一个专题都应当建立详尽的知识体系，做到专题知识点全覆盖。 第三，专业真题及解析。专业课的试题都是论述题，答案的开放性比较强。一般每门专业课都有有三道大题，考试时间各3小时，一般会有十几页答题纸。考生在专业课复习中仅仅有真题是不够的，还需要配合对真题最权威最正统的解析，两相印证才能够把握导师出题的重点、范围以及更加偏重哪一类的答案。 第四，导师的信息。导师的著作、研究方向、研究课题、近期发表的论文及研究成果，另外就是为研究生们上课所用的课件笔记和讨论的话题。这些都有可能成为初复试出题的考察重点。同时这些信息也是我们选择导师的时候的参照依据，当然选择导师是一个综合性的问题，还应当考虑到导师的研究水平、课题能力、对待学生的态度和福利等等。 第五，时事热点话题分析。博士生导师在选择博士的时候会一般都会偏重考查考生运用基础理论知识来解决现实热点问题的能力，这一点在初试和复试中都有体现。近几年的真题中都会有联系实际的热点分析。所以考生在复习备考时就应单多阅读一些本专业本学科的最新研究方向研究成果，权威的期刊上面“大牛们”都在关心、探讨什么话题，以及一些时事热点问题能不能运用本专业的知识来加以解释解决。 五、北师考博英语 北师的考博英语满分100分，题型有阅读、翻译和写作等。北师考博英语的整体难度介于六级和老托福之间，对词汇量有很高的要求，特别注重对形近字、意近词和固定搭配以及语法的考察。做阅读理解一定要遵守“实事求是”的原则，翻译这一个题型很容易丢分，考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询叩叩：肆九叁叁，柒壹六，贰六，要想得高分，每一天都要遵循“八步法”练习三个句子。作文对于考生的英语综合能力要求很高，要做到“厚重、灵动和美观”，复习资料建议

武汉大学 博士学位英语 期末考试复习资料

2019武汉大学博士学位英语考试重点复习 一、段落分析 第一课的第三段： Our second major discovery was that the Information Marketplace will dramatically affect people and organizations on a wide scale. Besides its many uses in commerce, office work, and manufacturing, it will also improve health care, provide new ways to shop, enable professional and social encounters across the globe, and generally permeate the thousands of things we do in the course of our daily lives. It will help us pursue old and new pleasures, and it will encourage new art forms, which may be criticized but will move art forward, as new tools have always done. It will also improve education and training, first in specific and established ways and later through breakthroughs that are confidently awaited. Human organizatio ns from tiny companies to entire 第一课的第十二段： The wise eye will also see that the Information Marketplace is much influential than its parts—the interfaces, middleware and pipes that make up the three-story building on which we stand. Once they are integrated, they present a much greater power—the power to prevent an asthmatic from dying in a remote town in Alaska, to enable an unemployed bank loan officer to find and succeed at a new form of work, to allow a husband and wife to revel in the accomplishments of a distant daughter while also providing emotional and financial support. These powers are far greater than 第八课的第一段： Countless cultures around the world have disappeared, along with their mythologies. In Mesoamerica, dozens of ornate Mayan temples lie mute, as do an untold number of Incan

2015~2019年武汉大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

2015年武汉大学考博英语真题及详解 Part ⅠReading Comprehension (2×20=40分) Directions: In this part for the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.”That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offence against society. T o make up for his offence, society must get even. This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him. This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times. It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who had committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract

2017年武汉大学考博英语真题及答案

2017年武汉大学考博英语真题及答案 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions: In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong

(完整word版)思想政治教育专业考博真题

武汉大学2008年思想政治教育专业的博士考试试题 马克思主义思想政治教育原著宣读 1、论述正确处理人民内部矛盾。（30分） 2、论述“灌输”理论（30分） 3、马克思主义人的本质理论是什么？如何促进人的社会化？（40分） 思想政治教育原理与方法 1、如何推进当代中国马克思主义大众化。（30分） 2、心理疏导的思想政治教育价值的实现。（30分） 3、国家文化软实力的科学内涵和提升的措施。（40分） 2004年中国人民大学思政专业考博真题 《马克思主义学说史》 1.试论述马克思主义跨越资本主义“卡夫丁峡谷”的思想及其现实意义。 2.试论恩格斯《反杜林论》中对马克思主义理论的系统阐述。 《社会主义理论与实践》 1.试论中国特色社会主义理论的发展观 2.为什么说在当代中国，爱国主义与社会主义本质上是统一的 2005年中国人民大学思想政治教育专业博士研究生入学考试真题 《马克思主义学说史》 1.试论《德意志意识形态》在马克思主义发展史上的地位 2.试论列宁关于共产主义道德的基本思想 3.试述马克思主义中国化的历史进程及基本经验 《社会主义理论与实践》 1.改革开放以来，中国共产党是如何认识社会主义的 2.试论加强党的执政能力建设与构建和谐社会的相互关系 2006年中国人民大学思想政治教育专业博士研究生入学考试真题 《马克思主义学说史》 1.试述马克思主义工农联盟理论，并结合当前我国实际谈谈这一理论的现实意义 2.试述马克思主义关于从资本主义向社会主义过渡的理论与实践 《科学社会主义理论与实践》 1.试述中国特色社会主义理论对科学社会主义理论的新发展 2.联系中国特色社会主义的理论和实践，评析现实社会主义国家都犯了“原罪”，及还在 不具备发展社会主义建设的社会中进行社会主义建设。（沙夫：《处在十字路口的共产主义运动》的观点。 2007年中国人民大学思政专业考博真题: 《马克思主义学说史》 1．试述列宁的社会主义一国胜利论及其在马克思主义发展史上的地位和意义. 2．试论构建社会和谐理论的马克思主义思想渊源. 《社会主义理论与实践》 1．试论社会主义核心价值体系的科学内涵和重要意义 2．试论社会主义在20世纪发展的历史贡献及在新世纪面临的挑战 2008年中国人民大学思政专业考博真题 《马克思主义学说史》 1.在评述马克思主义史上对待马克思主义的各种态度的基础上，阐述坚持和发展马克思主 义理论对于马克思主义中国化的意义。

武汉大学考博英语真题核心词汇集锦

武汉大学考博英语真题核心词汇集锦 1.blackboard['bl?kb?:d]n.黑板 2.blackmail['bl?kmeil]n.讹诈，敲诈，勒索;胁迫，恫吓 3.blade[bleid]n.刀刃，刀片;桨叶;草叶，叶片 4.blame['bleim]"v.责备;怪,把…归咎于n.责任,过错;责备" 5.blank[bl??k]"a.空白的,空着的;失色的n.空白;表格" 6.blanket['bl??kit]n.毯子(可数);厚厚一层(可数)vt.铺上一层 7.blast"['bai?u,bl?st]"n.一阵(风);爆炸冲击波;管乐器声v.爆炸 8.blaze[bleiz]"n.火焰;火光;闪光,光辉v.燃烧,冒火焰" 9.bleak[bli:k] a.荒凉的;冷酷的;没有希望的 10.bleed[bli:d]"vt.使出血，榨取vi.出血,流血" 11.blend[blend]"n.混合(物)v.混和,混杂" 12.bless[bles]"v.祝福,保佑"需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。 13.blame['bleim]"v.责备;怪,把…归咎于n.责任,过错;责备" 14.blind[blaind] a.盲的，瞎的;盲目的vt.使失明n.百叶窗 15.block[bl?k]"n.大块木(石)料;街区;障碍物v.阻塞,拦阻" 16.blood[bl?d]n.血液，血;血统，血亲;血气 17.bloody['bl?di]"a.流血的,血腥的" 18.bloom[blu:m]n.花(朵);开花(期)v.开花 19.blossom['bl?s?m]n.花(簇);花期;青春vi.开花;展开;繁荣 20.blouse[blauz]n.女衬衣，短上衣，宽阔的罩衫

2019年武汉大学考博英语真题精选及详解【圣才出品】

2019年武汉大学考博英语真题精选及详解 PartⅠReading Comprehension(2’×20=40points) Directions:In this part for the test,there will be5passages for you to read.Each passage is followed by4questions or unfinished statement,and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A,B,C and D.You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mount Vesuvius,a volcano located between the ancient Italian cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum,has received much attention because of its frequent and destructive eruptions.The most famous of these eruptions occurred in A.D.79. The volcano had been inactive for centuries.There was little warning of the coming eruption,although one account unearthed by archaeologists says that a hard rain and a strong wind had disturbed the celestial calm during the preceding night.Early the next morning,the volcano poured a huge river of molten rock down upon Herculaneum,completely burying the city and filling in the harbor with coagulated lava. Meanwhile,on the other side of the mountain,cinders,stone and ash rained down on Pompeii.Sparks from the burning ash ignited the combustible rooftops https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ce6474575.html,rge portions of the city were destroyed in the conflagration.Fire,however, was not the only cause of destruction.Poisonous sulphuric gases saturated the air.

(完整word版)2015武汉大学考博英语真题

武汉大学 2015年博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题 一、阅读理解 Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form. of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth." That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offence against society. To make up for his offence, society must get even. This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him. This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times. It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who has committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract this denial and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his own will pay his debt. The demand of the death penalty is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him his due. Modern jurists have tried to replace retributive justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him. The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment that will enable him to become a normal member of society. Before a treatment can be administered, the cause of his antisocial behavior. must be found. If the cause can be removed, provisions must be made to have this done. Only those criminals who are incurable should be permanently separated front the rest of the society. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him. If severe punishments is the only adequate means for accompanying this, it should be administered. However, the individual should be given every opportunity to assume a normal place in society. His conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part. 1. The best title for this selection is （） A. Fitting Punishment to the Crime B. Approaches to Just Punishment C. Improvement in Legal Justice D. Attaining Justice in the Courts 2.The passage implies that the basic difference between retributive justice and corrective jus

中共中央党校思想政治教育考博笔记-考博重点-考博经验

中共中央党校思想政治教育考博笔记-考博重点-考博经验 一、专业的设置 中共中央党校马克思主义理论教研部每年招收博士生12人，下设马克思主义基本原理、马克思主义发展史、马克思主义中国化研究、国外马克思主义研究以及思想政治教育等五个专业。 其中思想政治教育专业下设七个方向，分别是戴焰军的执政党的思想政治工作理论以及干部思想道德建设；张晓燕的党的宣传思想工作研究；宋福范的执政党意识形态研究以及党的思想政治工作的理论与实践；李俊伟的思想政治工作科学化研究以及政治教化与社会认同研究。本专业一共有四位导师，其中张晓燕老师只招收一名博士，其余导师招收不超过两名，本专业一共有7个专业方向，可以说是涵盖广泛并全面。 二、考试的科目 思想政治教育专业的考试科目是：①100英语（102日语103俄语）②202思想政治教育原理原著③302思想政治教育发展史。复试加试科目：政治学、马克思主义发展史。 三、导师介绍 戴焰军，职称：教授，博士生导师，单位：党的建设教研部。 张晓燕，职称：教授，博士生导师，单位：党的建设教研部。 宋福范，职称：教授，博士生导师，单位：马克思主义理论教研部，职务：思想政治教育教研室主任。 李俊伟，职称：教授，博士生导师，单位：马克思主义理论教研部，职务：思想政治教育教研室副主任。 四、参考书目

思想政治教育: 1、《思想政治工作学教程》张蔚萍主编，中共党史出版社2004年4月第一版。 2、《毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民论思想政治工作》，学习出版社2000年版 3、1994年以来党中央关于思想政治工作的重要文献。 4、《中国共产党思想政治工作发展史》张蔚萍主编，中共党史出版社2004年1月第一版。 5、《中国共产党思想政治教育史》许启贤主编，中国人民大学出版社1999年版。 6、《中国共产党的历程》郭德宏主编，河南人民出版社2002年3月第一版。 7、《毛泽东思想基本问题》金春明等主编，中共中央党校出版社2001年12月版。 8、《邓小平理论基本问题》郑必坚等主编，中共中央党校出版社2001年12月版。 9、《“三个代表”重要思想学习纲要》，学习出版社2002年版。 10、《执政党建设若干问题研究》，中央党校编写，中共中央党校出版社2004年版。 复试加试科目一：政治学；复试加试科目二：马克思主义发展史 复试加试参考书目：1、《政治学基础》，北京大学出版社1995年版，王浦劬主编。 2、《马克思主义哲学教程》，（修订本，第二版），杨春贵，张绪文，侯才主编，中共中央党校出版社2002年版。 五、党校考博英语

2015年武汉大学考博英语考试真题

2015年武汉大学考博英语考试真题 一、阅读理解 Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form. of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth." That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offence against society. To make up for his offence, society must get even. This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him. This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times. It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who has committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract this denial and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his own will pay his debt. The demand of the death penalty is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him his due. Modern jurists have tried to replace retributive justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him. The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment that will enable him to become a normal member of society. Before a treatment can be administered, the cause of his antisocial behavior. must be found. If the cause can be removed, provisions must be made to have this done. Only those criminals who are incurable should be permanently separated front the rest of the society. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him. If severe punishments is the only adequate means for accompanying this, it should be administered. However, the individual should be given every opportunity to assume a normal place in society. His conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part. 1. The best title for this selection is （） A. Fitting Punishment to the Crime B. Approaches to Just Punishment C. Improvement in Legal Justice D. Attaining Justice in the Courts 2.The passage implies that the basic difference between retributive ju