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分词要点归纳

分词要点归纳
分词要点归纳

分词练习

一、分词的形式

二、分词的作用

分词相当于________词、________词。

1.分词作表语

(1)一些表示情感、情绪的动词,常用分词作表语。解释下列单词含义:

surprise surprising surprised

excite exciting excited

astonish astonishing astonished

shock shocking shocked

scare scaring scared

disappoint disappointing disappointed

move moving moved

puzzle puzzling puzzled

frighten frightening frightened

inspire inspiring inspired

(2)分词、动名词、不定式做表语的区别,解释下列句子:

表示性质、特征、状态

主动:The news is encouraging.

被动:The glass is broken.

表示内容

一贯的,抽象的:My job is writing.

某次的,具体的:My task is to write an English report.

2.分词作宾语补足语

表示感觉、看法的动词和使役动词后不仅需要宾语,还需要带上宾补来补充说明宾语的情况,如see, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, watch, think, find, feel, consider, want, keep, get, make, have, leave, let, send, catch, etc. 注意用不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾补的区别。

根据括号内中文含义选择正确的动词形式:

We heard her __________ next door. (我们听到她在隔壁唱歌。)

We often heard her __________ next door. (我们常常听到她在隔壁唱歌。)

We heard the song __________ by her next door. (我们曾听到过这首歌在隔壁被她唱过。)She is often heard __________ next door by us. (她常常被我们听到在隔壁唱歌。)

填空练习:

1I used to see these boys ________ (play) on the playground.

2The boy was last seen ________ (play) on the bank of the river.

3Have you ________ (heard) this song ________ (sing) before?

4She was surprised to find the house ________ (break) into when she went back home. 5Unfortunately, he got his wallet ________ (steal) on the bus.

6We are interested in hearing him ________ (tell) us the news.

7He won’t have us ________ (criticize) him.

8It’s a bad habit to leave the work ________ (undo).

9Yesterday I caught him ________ (take) my dictionary when I went into the classroom. 10He found his hometown ________ (change).

3. 分词作定语

单个的分词作定语,通常置于被修饰的名词前;而分词短语则放在名词后面。如:

They made efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to China.

I want to write about people addicted to drugs.

分词作前置定语。解释下列词组:

an amusing story an amused look the falling leaves the fallen leaves the developing country the developed country the rising sun

the risen sun

分词作后置定语。解释下列句子:

Do you know the man standing over there?

Have you finished reading the book borrowed from the library?

The building put up last year is our library.

The building being put up now will be our new library.

注意不定式作定语的区别。解释下列句子:

The building to be put up next year will be our new library.

完成下列句子:

Yesterday mother told me an event _______________ (五年前发生的). The teacher criticized the student _______________ (打碎窗玻璃的). 注意分词和动名词做定语的区别。解释下列词组:

a sleeping baby a sleeping pill

the flying planes the flying time

a dancing boy a dancing hall

a running dog a walking stick

4. 分词作状语

分词可以充当时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、伴随状语。解释下列句子:

Walking in the street, I met a friend of mine.

He stood there, watching the sunset.

Seen from space, the earth looks like a huge blue ball.

Not knowing the address, he had to call me.

He broke the record at the Olympics, making him world famous.

Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing a delay.

Having finished the work, he went home.

Having been fined by the police, he drove more carefully.

有时为了使状语的意思表达更清楚,可以由连词when, while, if, though, although等引导分词。解释下列句子:

When heated, metal expands.

Be careful while crossing the road.

Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him abroad for his further study.

Though wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.

If given another chance, I will succeed.

比较由after, before引导的非谓语动词作状语。完成下列句子:

After __________ (examined), the meat can be put into the market.

The concert hall was completely restored after __________ (move).

注意有on引导的非谓语结构。解释下列句子:

On ________ (see) her mother come back, the little jumped with joy.

On ________ (discover) the error, I went back immediately to return the extra money.

填空练习:

1________ (see) those picture, he couldn’t help thinking of those days in Yan’an.

2________ (turn) round, Fanny found a bus driving up.

3________ (water) the vegetables, they began to pick up the apples.

4________ (finish) the work, he went back home on foot.

5________ (inspire) by Dr. Chen’s speech, they decided to study math harder.

6________ (persuade) by her mother, she gladly went there alone.

7Warmly ________ (praise) for his work, he was too excited to fall asleep.

8________ (arrive) at the station, we found the train gone.

9________ (send) the child to bed, she began to correct the pupils’ exercises.

10________ (surround), the enemy found nowhere to hide and had to give up.

改错练习:

1Seeing form the hill, the city looks more beautiful.

2Having had dinner, the dishes were washed.

3Leaving at home, the little girl felt much afraid.

※分词的独立主格结构

解释下列句子:

Being ill, he didn’t co me to school.

It being Sunday, he didn’t come to school.

The professor walked out of the hall, followed by a group of students.

The professor walked out of the hall, a group of students following him.

所谓独立主格结构,是指分词作状语时的逻辑主语不是__________,而是有自己特定的对象。

解释下列句子:

Weather permitting, we’ll play badminton outdoors.

Seeing a mouse run across the room, the girl screamed, her face filled with fear.

The escaped prisoner was led in, his hands tied tight behind the back.

There being no buses, we had to walk home.

If all things considered, his suggestion is very important.

The signal having been given, the train started.

With the worker leading the way, the Young Pioneers went through the forest and started towards the mountain village.

He sat there, with his eyes fixed on the roof.

填空练习:

1Many people spoke aloud in front of our classroom, with nobody ________ (stop) him.

2He was looking at the screen again, with the machine ________ (turn) on.

3The girl felt uneasy with the whole class ________ (stare) at her.

4Now the patient could walk with the nurse ________ (support) him.

5With the machinery ________ (do) all the work, we finished the task last month.

6She lay on the grass with her eyes ________ (close).

7You might catch a cold with your feet ________ (expose).

5.分词的固定结构

Judging from/by..., ...

Generally/Frankly/Honestly/Exactly/Properly/Relatively speaking, ...

Speaking of/Talking of..., ...

Given (that)..., ...

Considering (that)..., ...

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过去完成时知识点总结和题型总结(word)

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【方法指导】 一、概括文章的中心思想 1、归纳内容的步骤。 【步骤】整体阅读,分清文体,理解文意(弄清作者写了人、物、事、理,怎么写的)——跳出文章,结合背景,整体把握主旨(文章涉及到哪些社会问题,有哪些潜台词,弦外音)——舍本逐末,归纳要点(把握文章的真意和灵魂,即作者写作的真实意图)。 科技文:说明对象是什么——有何特点——有何价值(对社会有何意义) 社科文:中心观点是什么——有无分论点——用什么材料论证——结构特点——语言特点 文学作品:写了什么人、事——人(事、物)有何特点——表达了什么感情——如何评价这些人。 2、明确主旨的角度。 (1)从文章的题目入手。如《古都的秋》作者借助对古都的秋景和景物的描写,揭示了古都的秋“来得清净、悲凉”的特点,抒发对古都的热爱。 (2)从开头、结尾入手。如《在马克思墓前的讲话》“这个人的逝世,对于欧美战斗的无产阶级,对于历史科学,都是不可估量的损失。这位巨人的逝世以后所形成的空白,不就就会使人感觉到。”“他的英名和事业将永垂不朽!”作者高度评价马克思对无产阶级、历史科学等方面的贡献,抒发对他的崇敬之情。 (3)从写作背景、文章关键句入手。如:“所以我们要运用脑髓,放出眼光,自己来拿。”《拿来主义》 作者针对如何批判继承文化遗产提出“拿来主义”的观点,主要从揭露“送去主义”、“送去者”与“送来”者的奴才主子关系、“送来者”的本来面目,批判对待文化遗产的三种态度等方面来阐述的。 (4)从散文的类型入手。 记叙类:以记人物叙事为主,主要看作者所写的人物的性格特点,把握画龙点睛的句子,分析赞扬了什么精神,鞭策了什么世风; 抒情类:以抒发作者主观的感情为主,主要看抒情的方式,直接还是间接。间接看是借景抒情还是托物言志、借古讽今,还看流露什么感情,阐发了什么哲理。(包括哲理散文) 议论类:以议论为主,主要看作者的观点,借助哪些生动形象的材料来论证的。

英语过去完成时的用法总结

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一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有: (1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如: I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night、 (2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term、 (3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday、 2、由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在: (1 )宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如: She said that she had seen the film before、 (2 )状语从句中

英语分词的用法

英语分词的用法 英语中的分词有两种:现在分词和过去分词。及物动词的现在分词表示正在进行和主动意义,过去分词表示已经完成和被动意义。现将常用的英语分词的用法归纳如下: 1.作定语 分词可用来修饰名词或代词,并和所修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系。 (1)前置定语 单个分词作定语时,通常放在被修饰名词之前,作前置定语。例如: What exciting news it is! 这是多么令人振奋人心的消息! There were a lot of excited people at the concert.演奏会上,很多人兴奋不已。 (2)后置定语 a、少数单个分词(尤其是过去分词为多)作定语时,也可作后置定语。例如: Make sentences with the words given .用所给的词造句。 The goods ordered will be delivered soon. The money left is far from enough. Many people are dubious about the announcement from the authorities concerned. b、单个分词作不定代词的定语时,要放在被修饰代词之后,作后置定语。例如: Is there anything unsolved ? 还有没解决的问题吗? There is something missing . 有东西丢失了。 c、分词短语作定语时,要放在被修饰名词之后,作后置定语。这时的分词短语相当于一个定语从句。例如: Do you know the old woman sitting under the tree ?(=Do you know the old woman who is sitting under the tree ?) 你认识坐在树下的那个老太太吗? There comes a girl dressed in red .(=There comes a girl who is dressed in red .) 一个穿红衣服的女孩走过来了。 2.作表语 分词作表语,相当于形容词。现在分词作表语通常表示主语所具有的性质或特征,含有“令 人……的”意思。过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的情形或状态,含有“感到……的”意思。例如: The match was very disappointing . 这场比赛令人失望。 They were very disappointed . 他们都非常失望。 3.作补语 (1)作宾语补语 a、分词作宾语补足语,宾语和现在分词(主动意义)有逻辑上的主谓关系,宾语和过去分词 (被动意义)有逻辑上的动宾关系。 分词通常用在see,hear, watch,notice,feel,find等感官动词或have,get,make

读出作者的心思——解读文学作品阅读考点“归纳内容要点_概括中心思想”

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过去完成时用法小结

过去完成时用法小结 一、过去完成时适用场合 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示,也可以暗含在上下文中。 I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。 2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去,常与for,since等词连用。如: He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年,去年退役了。 He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。 He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前,已学了八年英语。 3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中,先发生的事放在后面叙述时,要用过去完成时。如: Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家,他的父亲却已经去世了。4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when...(刚…就…), no sooner...than... (刚…就…), It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。 He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他刚离开房间,他们就议论起他来。 We had hardly begun when we were told to stop. 我们刚开始就被叫停。 It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话,这是第一次。 二、过去完成时与一般过去时的比较 1. 当一个由before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时,两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。 We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操后,我们吃早饭。 The train started to move just before he reached the platform. 他到月台时火车刚开走。 They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields. 他们一到地里就开始耕地。 2. 按时间顺序叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作时,用一般过去时。 He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. 他走进屋子,打开灯,坐在桌子旁。 3. 在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺”等时,hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。 I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train. 我本来希望昨晚回来的,但没搭上火车。 We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go. 我们本想早回来的,但他们不让我们走。 4. 在表示过去的句子中出现常与完成时态连用的词,如:already,yet,since,for,ever,

过去分词用法详解

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现在分词用法总结

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