《钱塘湖春行》中考阅读练习及答案(2017年贵州省毕节市中考题)

二、阅读与理解（40分）

（一）古诗赏析：阅读白居易《钱塘湖春行》，完成12题（5分）

钱塘湖春行

白居易

孤山寺北贾亭西，水面初平云脚低。几处早莺争暖树，谁家新燕啄春泥。

乱花渐欲迷人眼，浅草才能没马蹄。最爱湖东行不足，绿杨阴里白沙堤。

12.（1）对本诗理解不恰当的一项是。（）（2分）

A.本诗精选了如水面初平、早莺暖树、新燕春泥、乱花浅草等富有早春特征的景物。

B.“天街小雨润如酥，草色遥看近却无。”与本诗的意境一致。

C.本诗流露出诗人喜爱之中隐含的惋惜之情。

D.尾联中“行不足”说明诗人看不够美景，陶醉在美好的湖光山色之中。

【答案】C

【解析】C.”隐含的惋惜之情”理解错误，因为《钱塘湖春行》通过写西湖早春明媚风光的描绘，抒发了作者早春游湖的喜悦和对钱塘湖风景的喜爱，更表达了作者对于自然之美的热爱之情，毫无“惋惜之情”。所以选C。

《钱塘湖春行》是唐代诗人白居易的一首描写西湖颇具盛名的七律。此诗通过写西湖早春明媚风光的描绘，抒发了作者早春游湖的喜悦和对钱塘湖风景的喜爱，更表达了作者对于自然之美的热爱之情。尤其是中间四句，细致地描绘了西湖春行所见景物，形象活现，即景寓情，准确生动地表现了自然之物的活泼情趣和雅致闲情。全诗结构谨严，衔接自然，对仗精工，语言浅近，用词准确，气质清新，成为历代吟咏西湖的名篇。

此题考查学生对诗歌感情的理解，“一切景语皆情语”，通过景物描写，体会作者的思想情感。

【考点定位】评价诗歌的思想内容或作者的情感态度。能力层级为鉴赏评价D。

（2）任选一联品析其如何描绘早春的季节特征。（3分）

【答案】示例一：首联紧扣题目总写湖水的早春特征：春水初涨，水面与堤岸齐平，空中舒卷的白云和湖面荡漾的波澜连成一片。

示例二：颔联通过写仰视所见禽鸟来描绘早春的季节特征：莺在歌，燕在舞，显示出春天的勃勃生机。黄莺和燕子都是春天的使者，黄莺用它婉转流利的歌喉向人间传播春回大地的喜讯；燕子穿花贴水，衔泥筑巢，又启迪人们开始春日的劳作。

示例三：颈联通过写俯察所见花草来描绘早春的季节特征：因为是早春，还未到百花盛开季节，所以能见到的尚不是姹紫嫣红开遍，而是东一团，西一簇，用一个“乱”字来形容。而春草也还没有长得丰茂，仅只有没过马蹄那么长，所以用一个“浅”字来形容。

示例四：尾联通过略写诗人最爱的湖东沙堤来描绘早春的季节特征：堤上骑马游春的人来往如织，尽情享受春日美景。以“行不足”说明早春自然景物美不胜收，诗人也余兴未阑。【解析】从描写景物的角度去赏析诗歌鉴赏中景物描写的特点。

不同诗歌写景角度不同，有的偏重于空间顺序，有的偏重于色彩描绘，有的则从人物感觉器官角度去描写景物。我们在阅读时，读出这些角度的话，就能读懂诗歌写景的特色。

（1）空间角度——凡写景总有一个顺序，高低、上下、内外，无论怎样，总是层次分明。苏轼《鹧鸪天》，上片写景，由远到近、由高到低，层次分明。“林断山明竹隐墙，乱蝉衰草小池塘”先写远处林尽头，高山清晰可见，再写近处翠竹遮隐墙头，小池塘旁长满枯草，蝉声四起，接下来“翻空白鸟时时见，照水红蕖细细香”由高到低，井然有序。可见空间顺序是写景诗句鉴赏的一个角度。

（2）色彩角度——诗歌中所写景物色彩不同，把不同色彩的景物组合到一个画面中，就收到诗中有画的效果，鉴赏时可以从景物色彩角度分析写景特色。王维《田园乐》中“桃红复

含宿雨，柳绿更带朝烟”两句诗，红绿相映，色彩分明，让人联想到一夜春雨过后鲜艳的桃花盛开，碧绿的柳丝笼罩在若有若无的水烟之中的迷人景象。“红”“绿”两种色彩在鉴赏时起到了极其重要的作用，赏析诗歌抓表示颜色的词语，分析绘形绘色的画面美，写景的特色就突出了。

（3）感觉器官角度赏析——诗歌中作者写景，往往从自身的听觉、视觉、嗅觉等角度去写，这就要求我们在赏析时，把诗人所见所闻所感的内容品析到位。比如白居易《夜雪》这首诗：已讶衾枕冷，复见窗户明。夜深知雪重，时闻折竹声。描写对象是雪，诗中句句写雪，可作者依次从自己的感觉、视觉和听觉写来，突出了雪之大。作者的感觉是又一个鉴赏角度。【考点定位】鉴赏诗歌的形象。能力层级为鉴赏评价D。

11.诗文填空（10分）

⑴蓬山此去无多路，______________。（李商隐《无题》）

⑵水何澹澹，___________。（曹操《观沧海》）

⑶______________，猿则百叫无绝。（吴均《与朱元思书》）

⑷______________，不戚戚于富贵。（陶潜《五柳先生传》）

⑸当人生遭遇困境时，陆游《游山西村》中的诗句______________ ，______________ 。告诉我们总会有云开雾散的时候。

⑹范仲淹《渔家傲?秋思》中写思家却难归家心理的诗句是_____________，_____________。

⑺《木兰诗》中反映军情紧急，急速奔赴战场的句子是______________，______________。【答案】（1）青鸟殷勤为探看。（2）山岛竦峙（3）蝉则千转不穷（4）不汲汲于富贵（5）山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。（6）浊酒一杯家万里，燕然未勒归无计。（7）万里赴戎机，关山度若飞。

【解析】试题分析：本题考查学生根据上下句提示默写经典诗文句子及理解性默写的能力。本题中前4个题目都是上下句对接，难度相对较小，只要平日注意积累，一般不会出错，默写时注意。后三个小题是理解性默写，是中考常考的名句。小题1注意“殷勤”的写法。小题2注意“竦峙”的写法。小题3注意“转”（通假字，学生容易错写为啭）的写法。小题4注意“汲汲”的写法。小题5注意“村”（学生经常写成春）的写法。小题6注意“勒”的写法。小题7注意“戎、若”的写法。古诗文名句和现代诗文的书写，要想不失分，关键在于平时强化记忆，做到“三不”：不漏字、不添字、不写错别字。

【考点定位】识记文学常识。能力层级为识记A。

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