定从
填上适当关系词
I didn't understand the words all that he said
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
There is a young man who wants to see your father.
The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard
The hotel where we stayed was very clean.
who is the man that opened up the lab.
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.
The person whom/who you just talked to is Mr. Li.
This is the book whose cover is blue.
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
This is the very book that belongs to him.
As we all know, Lei Feng is a warm-hearted man.
The ones who flatter me don’t please me.
This is the most beautiful place that I have been to .
在主从复合句中，用于充当主句的定语成分(用于修饰某名词,代词或名词短语)的从句，称为定语从句(形容词性从句)。
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)：由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的从句，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词可分为关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that)和关系副词(when, where, why) 关系词都充当从句的某个成分，它所替代的相应成分应省去。在定语从句中，当who, which, that作主语时，谓语的单复数应与先行词保持一致。
1)在定语从句中，who, that 指人时可以通用，但在下列情况下用who,而不用that.
A) 先行词是one, ones, anyone 时，宜用who.
One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
Anyone who laughs last laughs best.
Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.
B) 先行词为those 时，宜用who.
No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake.
C) 当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who.
I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in Yunnan province.
D) 一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词时
that，另一个宜用who.
The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
E) 在there be 开头的句子中，事宜用who.
There was a king who was kind to his people.
There are many old men who are against this plan.
2)从句中少宾语可用whom，口语中也可用who，但若先行词后接介词则只可用whom
The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr. Depp.
---The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Depp.
3)表所属关系，用whose.
I like the girl whose mother is an actor.
②下列情况下关系代词只用that 而不用which 或who。
a) 先行词是指物的不代词，如：all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing,
everything等时。
I didn't understand the words all that he said.
b) 先行词由最高级、序数词以及the very，the only the same,等所修饰。
This is the most beautiful place that I have been to .
c) 先行词既包括人，也包括物。
They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the
road.
d) 当主句是以which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。
who is the man that opened up the lab.
③宜用which而不用that的情况
1. 在非限制性定语从句中。Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.
2. 在关系词前有介词时。This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.
3. 当先行词本身是that时。The clock is that which can tell us the time.
★1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
F This is the watch for which I am looking. (F＝错误)
2. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
关系副词where 的用法：有关系副词where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示的名词，如building, city, room等，where 在从句中作地点状语。
The hotel where we stayed was very clean.= The hotel (that/which) we stayed at was very clean.=The hotel at which we stayed was very clean.
关系副词when 的用法：有when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示的名词，如time, day, date,等,when 在从句中作时间状语。
I’ll never forget the time when we first met in London .
=I’ll never forget the time during which we first met in London.
关系副词why 的用法：由why 引导的定语从句，常用在先行词后面，why 在句中作原因状语。
The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard.
=The reason (that)/for which I got a job was that I worked hard.
在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that、why，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物,when where ，for which 分别代表时间,地点,原因(做状语)
as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1)、As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。Which还可指代主句中的某个词或短语。
(1) He married her, as/which was natural.
(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.
2)、as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，意为“这，这一点”。as有“正如……，正像……”的意思
(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.
(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.
(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.
★非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词不能用as，如：
1. He bought the car for more than $20000, with which his fatherwas angry．
非限制性定语从句中指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格whom,不能用who替换，也不能省略。如：
1. Do you know Tom, whom we talked about?
◆People are excited to meet Zhai Zhigang, he was the first Chinese to walk in space .
◆Many Chinese will never forget May 12th,2008, when a big earthquake happened in
Sichuan then.
◆Which is shown on TV, many children suffered a lot from the polluted milk.
◆China got the most gold medals in the Olympics , that makes people excited.
◆I dream of going to Beijing, which the 29th Olympic Games was held.
1.Hangzhou is a beautiful city, ______ people visit the famous West Lake.
2. Beijing, ________is the capital of China, has a very long history.
3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.
4. I should thank my teacher, with ______help, I solved the problem.
5.He once worked on the Bird’s Nest, ____ his son is proud.
On Thursday I will have to decide what I want myself to do over a weekend. I am thinking of making a trip to London, and visit the British Museum and some parks. But I have spent most my money, so I cannot even go out of town. I may go to a film, or a concert. Yes ,a concert can be very excited. You can watch your stars while enjoying your favorite music. So then, a concert cost so much. I may just listen to music. I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts. If I listen to my own records, there are no need to spend money. All right. That’s what I’m going to do.
Crying marriage? 31 (surprise), isn’t it? Factually, the custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, and 32 (remain) in fashion 33 the end of the Qing Dynasty. Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people, who view it as a 34 (necessary) to marriage procedure.
It is very much 35 same in different places of the province. According to elderly people, every bride had to cry at the wedding. 36 , the bride’s neighbors wo uld look down upon 37 as a poorly cultivated girl and she would become the laughingstock of the village. In fact, there were cases 38 which the bride was beaten by her mother for not crying at the wedding ceremony.
In a word, crying at wedding is a 39 by custom to set off the happiness of the wedding through falsely sorrowful words. However, in the 40 (arrange) marriages of the old days of China, there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life.
31. Surprising 32.remained 33. until/till 34. necessity 35. the
36. Otherwise 37. her 38. in 39. way/means 40. arranged
(完整版)不定代词用法讲解
不定代词讲解~详细 一、不定代词some 与any 的用法区别 一般说来，不定代词some 用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句和疑问句中。但是，在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中，通常要用some 而不用any： Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吗？ Why not buy some bread? 为什么不买些面包呢？ Shall I get some chalk for you? 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗？ 【说明】不定代词any 有时也用于肯定句中，此时表示“任何”： Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行。Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以。 二、不定代词many 与much 的用法以及区别 不定代词many 和much 都表示“许多”，但many 修饰或代替可数名词(复数)，与few(少数)相对；而much 用来修饰或代替不可数名词(单数)，与little(少量)相对。在口语中两者主要用于非肯定句中： Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗? We don’t have much time. 我们没有许多时间。 Much work has been done. 许多工作都已经做了。 You’ve given me too much. 你已给我太多了。 Take as many (much) as you want. 你要多少拿多少。 I asked her a great many questions. 我问了她许多问题。 辨析：too much；much too；too many 1、too much常用作副词或代词,也可以用作形容词修饰不可数名词.如： Is watching TV too much good or bad for your health?电视看得太多对你的健康有益还是有害? You've given me too much.你给我的太多了. We've had too much rain lately.最近我们这里的雨下得太多了. 2、much too常作副词,后接副词或形容词.如： He drove much too fast.他开车开得太快了. It is much too cold.天实在太冷了. 3、too many常用作形容词,修饰可数名词复数.如： They built too many buildings last year.去年他们建了许多楼房. 三、either、neither的用法以及区别 1、用作副词。either也（不），用于否定句中。 如：I don’t like fishing, David doesn’t like fishing, either.我不喜欢钓鱼，大卫也不喜欢。 neither也不；用于肯定句，表示否定含义。如：He can’t swim, and neither / nor can I. 他不会游泳，我也不会。 2、用作代词。范围多限定于两者之间，常用作主语。either of 和neither of +名词/代词的复数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 either表示“二者之一”；neither 表示“两者都不”，其反义词是both。 如：Either of the knives is useful．两把刀都有用。 Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard．他们两人身体都不好，但都努力地工作。 3、用作连词：either…or…不是……就是……neither…nor…既不……也不……常用来连接两个并列成分，如并列主语、并列谓语等。谓语动词保持就近原则，与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 但应注意以下几点： 1．无论either…or…还是neither…nor…，若连接两个单数数名词/代词作主语，后面动词用单数。 Either Mary or Lucy is coming．不是玛丽来，就是露西来。 2．若连接两个复数名词/代词作主语，后面动词用复数。Neither my parents nor my grandparents are coming． 我的父母不来，我的爷爷奶奶也不来。 3．如果一个单数名词/代词和一个复数名词/代词一起作主语时，动词的单复数形式必须和最靠近的一个主语保持一致。（就近原则）
速记主谓宾定状补口诀
速记主谓宾定状补口诀 主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。 定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。 状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。 基本成分主谓宾，连带成分定状补。 定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。 六者关系难分辨，心中有数析正误。 什么谁称主，做是怎样才充谓； 宾语动支配，回答谓语什么谁。 前置状语目（的）时（间）地（点），意义不变能复位。补语从后说前谓，定语才和后宾配。 介宾短语多状补，不能充当宾主谓。 的定地状与得补，语言标志定是非。 名词： 人和事物各有名，万千名目可辨清。 表示名称即名词，具体抽象有不同。 时间空间和地点，方向位置有专称。 主宾定谓都可作，名词具有多功能。 动词： 世间万物皆运动，于是动词相应生。 行为动作和发展，存在消失与变更。 心理活动及判断，一概可作谓语用。 能愿趋向两动词，配合谓语意更明。
形容词： 人有特征物有形，修饰动名靠形容。事态动作有性状，描摹性状用形容。形容词语极丰富，准确修饰需深功。形容词语功能多，主要充当状谓定。数词： 数词即为表数目，确数概数和序数。确数包括整分倍，不定数目是概数。整数前加老第初，排列顺序是序数。分数倍数表增加，减少只能用分数。量词： 表示单位量词全，单位各异按习惯。事物行动作统计，物量动量分两款。量词数词相结合，数量短语功能全。动量短语居动后，物量短语在名前。代词： 代词代替人事物，按照作用分三族。人称代词我你他，咱们自己和大家。疑问代词谁什么，进地性状数如何。提示代词这和那，每名某另别其它。副词： 副词修饰动与形，范围程度与时间。
肯否估计与情态，语气频率用法全。稍微没有全都偏，简直仅仅只永远，已经曾经就竟然，将要立刻刚偶然，渐渐终于决忽然，难道连续又再三，也许必须很非常，最太十分更马上，越极总挺常常再，屡次一定也不还。时名副名看加在，名前可加副不来。前很后名都不行，单独回答更不能。介词： 自从以当为按照，由于对于为了到；和跟把比在关于，除了同对向往朝；用在名词代词前，修饰动形要记牢。助词： 结构助词的地得，时态助词着了过，语气助词啊吧呢，他词后边附加义。连词： 成分连词难分辨，换位不变才是连。
不定代词知识点详解
不定代词 some/ any many / much each/ every none / no one few/ little a few / a little all / both neither / either 1.Some与any的区别 （some+可数名词复数/不可数名词any+可数名词复数/不可数名词/ 可数名词单数） (1)Some用于肯定句, 修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。修饰单数名词时，意为“某一” I want some water and eggs (一些水和鸡蛋) He was late for some reason.（某一原因） (2)Some 用于表示提出邀请，请求，建议的一般问句和特殊疑问句： Would you like some bananas? (邀请) Can I have some milk in my coffee?（请求） What about some coffee?(建议) 表示邀请，请求，建议的问句： Would you like….? Can / Could you…? Can / May I / Could I …? Would you mind…? What about / How about…？ Why not / Why don’t you…? (3)any用于肯定句，修饰可数名词单数或不可数名词，指三者或三者以上中的“任何 一个” There are so many books, you can choose any one.有这么多书，你可以选任何一本 You can come any time tomorrow.明日你任何时间来都可以 (4)any用于否定句和问句，由some转变而来，意为“一些” I have some books about history. --- I don’t have any books about history. —Do you have any books about history? 2.each 与every 的区别(each/every +可数名词单数) (1)each可做为代词和形容词，强调个别。 Every只能做形容词，强调整体，意为“每个都”，充当定语，修饰名词 The teacher had a talk with each of them (他们中的每个人) 宾语 Each of us （我们中的每个人）has two boxes 主语 We each (我们每个人)have three ball-pens 同位语 Each boy (每个男孩) has a book. 定语 Every one (每个人)has strong and weak points 定语 (2)each指两个或两个以上中的“每一个”，every指三个或三个以上中的每一个 Each of the two has a computer. Every student likes this subject. (3)指三个以上中的“每一个”时，each one强调个体，every one 强调整体，两者后 面都可以加“of +名词复数/ 代词宾格" Each one of us has his duty我们每个人都有他的责任 Each of the gifts is very beautiful 每个礼物都很漂亮 Every one of them thanks for your help他们每个人都很感激你的帮助
主谓宾定状补口诀及练习题新选.
主谓宾定状补口诀及练习题 学语文，有口诀 主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。 定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。 状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。 基本成分主谓宾，连带成分定状补。定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。 六者关系难分辨，心中有数析正误。什么谁称主，做是怎样才充谓； 宾语动支配，回答谓语什么谁。前置状语目（的）时（间）地（点），意义不变能复位。补语从后说前谓，定语才和后宾配。介宾短语多状补，不能充当宾主谓。的定地状与得补，语言标志定是非。 名词： 人和事物各有名，万千名目可辨清。表示名称即名词，具体抽象有不同。 时间空间和地点，方向位置有专称。主宾定谓都可作，名词具有多功能。动词： 世间万物皆运动，于是动词相应生。行为动作和发展，存在消失与变更。 心理活动及判断，一概可作谓语用。能愿趋向两动词，配合谓语意更明。形容词： 人有特征物有形，修饰动名靠形容。事态动作有性状，描摹性状用形容。 形容词语极丰富，准确修饰需深功。形容词语功能多，主要充当状谓定。数词： 数词即为表数目，确数概数和序数。确数包括整分倍，不定数目是概数。 整数前加老第初，排列顺序是序数。分数倍数表增加，减少只能用分数。
表示单位量词全，单位各异按习惯。事物行动作统计，物量动量分两款。 量词数词相结合，数量短语功能全。动量短语居动后，物量短语在名前。 代词： 代词代替人事物，按照作用分三族。人称代词我你他，咱们自己和大家。 疑问代词谁什么，进地性状数如何。提示代词这和那，每名某另别其它。 副词： 副词修饰动与形，范围程度与时间。肯否估计与情态，语气频率用法全。 稍微没有全都偏，简直仅仅只永远，已经曾经就竟然，将要立刻刚偶然， 渐渐终于决忽然，难道连续又再三，也许必须很非常，最太十分更马上， 越极总挺常常再，屡次一定也不还。时名副名看加在，名前可加副不来。 前很后名都不行，单独回答更不能。 介词： 自从以当为按照，由于对于为了到；和跟把比在关于，除了同对向往朝； 用在名词代词前，修饰动形要记牢。 助词： 结构助词的地得，时态助词着了过，语气助词啊吧呢，他词后边附加义。 连词： 成分连词难分辨，换位不变才是连。 句子成分： 主语是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或物，是句子叙述的主体。可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。 谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语
非常好的定积分与微积分基本定理复习讲义教案资料
非常好的定积分与微积分基本定理复习讲 义
定积分与微积分基本定理复习讲义[备考方向要明了] 考什么怎么考 1.了解定积分的实际背景，了解定积分的基本思想，了解定积分的概念． 2.了解微积分基本定理的含义. 1.考查形式多为选择题或填空题． 2.考查简单定积分的求解． 3.考查曲边梯形面积的求解． 4.与几何概型相结合考查． [归纳·知识整合] 1．定积分 (1)定积分的相关概念：在∫b a f(x)d x中，a，b分别叫做积分下限与积分上限，区间[a，b]叫做积分区间，f(x)叫做被积函数，x叫做积分变量，f(x)d x叫做被积式． (2)定积分的几何意义 ①当函数f(x)在区间[a，b]上恒为正时，定积分∫b a f(x)d x的几何意义是由直线x＝a，x＝b(a≠b)，y＝0和曲线y＝f(x)所围成的曲边梯形的面积(左图中阴影部分)． ②一般情况下，定积分∫b a f(x)d x的几何意义是介于x轴、曲线f(x)以及直线x＝a，x＝b之间的曲边梯形面积的代数和(右上图中阴影所示)，其中在x轴上方的面积等于该区间上的积分值，在x轴下
方的面积等于该区间上积分值的相反数． (3)定积分的基本性质： ①∫b a kf (x )d x ＝k ∫b a f (x )d x . ②∫b a [f 1(x )±f 2(x )]d x ＝∫b a f 1(x )d x ±∫b a f 2(x )d x . ③∫b a f (x )d x ＝∫c a f (x )d x ＋∫b c f (x )d x . [探究] 1.若积分变量为t ，则∫b a f (x )d x 与∫b a f (t )d t 是否相等？ 提示：相等． 2．一个函数的导数是唯一的，反过来导函数的原函数唯一吗？ 提示：一个函数的导数是唯一的，而导函数的原函数则有无穷多个，这些原函数之间都相差一个常数，在利用微积分基本定理求定积分时，只要找到被积函数的一个原函数即可，并且一般使用不含常数的原函数，这样有利于计算． 3．定积分∫b a [f (x )－g (x )]d x (f (x )>g (x ))的几何意义是什么？ 提示：由直线x ＝a ，x ＝b 和曲线y ＝f (x )，y ＝g (x )所围成的曲边梯形的面积． 2．微积分基本定理：如果f (x )是区间[a ，b ]上的连续函数，并 且F ′(x )＝f (x )，那么∫b a f (x )d x ＝F (b )－F (a )，这个结论叫做微积分基 本定理，又叫做牛顿—莱布尼兹公式． 为了方便，常把F (b )－F (a ) 记成F (x )|b a ，即 ∫b a f (x )d x ＝F (x )|b a ＝F (b )－F (a )． 课前预测： 1.∫421x d x 等于( ) A ．2ln 2 B ．－2ln 2 C ．－ln 2 D ．ln 2 2．(教材习题改编)一质点运动时速度和时间的关系为V (t )＝t 2－t ＋2，质点作直线运动，则此物体在时间[1,2]内的位移为( )
不定代词专项练习(附详解)
不定代词专项练习不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。单数 含义 some any no none / / each (every) one either, neither so the other, another 复合不 定代词 不可数含义much little, a little all / / / / / 复数含义many few, a few ones both others, the others ※注：复合不定代词有12个：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人). (1)some和 any 的用法： some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可 数名词。如：I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做) They will go there some day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿) some用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。 如：Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗？) any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或 不可数名词。 如：They didn’t have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友) Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗？) any用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。) (2)no和none的用法： no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。 如：There is no time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点) They had no reading books to lend.(他们没有阅读用书可以出借) none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示 复数或单数。 如：None of them is/are in the classroom.(他们当中没有一个在教室里) I have many books, but none is interesting.(我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的) (3)all和both的用法： all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。 如：I know all of the four British students in their school.(他们学校里四个 英国学生我全认识) --Would you like this one or that one? –Both.(你要这个还是那个？两个都要。) all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of可以省略。 如：All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(是男孩都调皮) (4)every和each用法： every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念；
定积分总结
定积分讲义总结 内容一 定积分概念 一般地，设函数()f x 在区间[,]a b 上连续，用分点0121i i n a x x x x x x b -=<<<<<<<=L L 将区间[,]a b 等分成n 个小区间，每个小区间长度为x ?（b a x n -?= ），在每个小区间[]1,i i x x -上取一点()1,2,,i i n ξ=L ，作和式：1 1 ()()n n n i i i i b a S f x f n ξξ==-=?=∑∑ 如果x ?无限接近于0（亦即n →+∞）时，上述和式n S 无限趋近于常数S ，那么称该常数S 为函数()f x 在区间[,]a b 上的定积分。记为：()b a S f x dx = ? 其中()f x 成为被积函数，x 叫做积分变量，[,]a b 为积分区间，b 积分上限，a 积分下限。 说明：（1）定积分 ()b a f x dx ? 是一个常数，即n S 无限趋近的常数S （n →+∞时）称为()b a f x dx ?，而不是n S ． （2）用定义求定积分的一般方法是：①分割：n 等分区间[],a b ；②近似代替：取点[]1,i i i x x ξ-∈；③求和： 1()n i i b a f n ξ=-∑；④取极限：()1()lim n b i a n i b a f x dx f n ξ→∞=-=∑? 例1．弹簧在拉伸的过程中，力与伸长量成正比，即力()F x kx =（k 为常数，x 是伸长量），求弹簧从平衡位置拉长b 所作的功． 分析：利用“以不变代变”的思想，采用分割、近似代替、求和、取极限的方法求解． 解： 将物体用常力F 沿力的方向移动距离x ，则所作的功为W F x =?． 1．分割 在区间[]0,b 上等间隔地插入1n -个点，将区间[]0,1等分成n 个小区间： 0,b n ??????，2,b b n n ?? ????，…，()1,n b b n -?????? 记第i 个区间为()1,(1,2,,)i b i b i n n n -???=? ? ??L ，其长度为()1i b i b b x n n n -??=-= 把在分段0, b n ? ???? ?，2,b b n n ?? ????，…，()1,n b b n -?????? 上所作的功分别记作：1W ?，2W ?，…，n W ? （2）近似代替 有条件知：()()11i i b i b b W F x k n n n --???=??=?? ? ?? (1,2,,)i n =L （3）求和 ()1 1 1n n n i i i i b b W W k n n ==-=?=??∑∑ =()()22222 110121122n n kb kb kb n n n n -?? ++++-==-?? ?? ??? L
不定代词用法归纳
不定代词用法归纳(详细讲解) ■本站特约作者陈根花 一、不定代词概说 英语的不定代词有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等，以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等)。在这些不定代词中，多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语，但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语，而 no 和 every 则只用作定语。 二、指两者和三者的不定代词 有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither)，有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every)，注意不要弄混： Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。 All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。 There are trees on any side of the square. 广场的每一边都种有树。 He has two sons, neither of whom is rich. 他有两个儿子，都不富有。 He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子，都不富有。 【说明】each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上，而 every 只用于三者或三者以上，因此用于两者时只能用 each，不能用 every。如不能说 There are trees on every side of the road. 三、复合不定代词的用法特点 复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句(参见 any & some)。具体使用时应注意以下几点： 1.复合不定代词受定语修饰时，定语应放在它们后面： There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病。 Have you seen anyone [anybody] famous? 你见过名人吗? 2.指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their：Everyone knows this, doesn’t he [don’t they]?人人都知道这一点，不是吗? If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来，让他等着。 3.指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语，谓语动词只能用单数，相应的人称代词也只能用 it，而不用 they：
宾从 状从 定从练习题
宾语从句练习题 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I don't like ______ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
(完整版)八年级英语不定代词专项练习(附详解)
不定代词专项练习 1．He can't hear you, because there is ____ noise here A．very much B．too much C．much too D．so many 2．____ name is Han Meimai. A．Herself B．Hers C．She D．Her 3．All of us were invited, but ____ of us came A．neither B．none C．both 4．The weather in Shanghai is different from ____ A．Baotou B．Baotou weather C．that in Baotou D．those of Baotou 5．There isn't ____ water in the cup. A．any B．many C．some D．the 6．----Is this ____ pen? ----No, ____ is on my desk. A．your; my B．yours; my C．your; mine D．yours; mine 7．The bottle is empty. There is ____ in it. A．anything B．something C．nothing 8．----Look! We have ____ sugar. ----Really? Let's go and buy some. A．few B．a few C．little D．a little 9．There isn't ____ milk in the fridge. You'd better buy some. A．no B．any C．some 10．----“There isn't ____ water here. Could you get ____ for me?” ----“All ringht.” A．some; some B．any; any C．some; any D．any; some 11．Today, ____ trees are still being cut down somewhere in the world. A．much too B．too much C．many too D．too many 12．There are lots of English books here, and ____ of them is easy to understand. A．both B．all C．every D．each 13．Is the shirt on the bed ____ ? A．yours B．your C．you 14．Mr Green taught ____ English last year. A．our B．we C．us 15．These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me ____ one. A．other B．others C．the others D．another 16．Mary can't go with us. ____ has to look after ____ mother at home. A．She; his B．She; her C．He; her D．He; His 17．There isn't ____ paper in the box. Will you go and get ____ for me? A．any; some B．any; any C．some; some D．some; any 18．I often help ____ . A．he or she B．his and her C．him and her D．his and hers 19．There are some trees on ____ side of the street. A．both B．all C．either D．every 20．“Which of the two dictionaries do you like better?”“I like ____ , because they're not useful.” A．both B．either C．all D．neither
怎么区分定从宾从同位语从句
怎么区分定从宾从同位语从句？（从成分方面） 老师说什么。。。做在句子中做成分就是。。。去掉以后句子不完整就是。。。。 满意答案： 从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类，即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。引导从句的词称作关联句。名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分,而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示] 1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well known that water is indispensable to life. 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面,如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省，一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging. 如何判断各类从句呢？答：1．分析句子结构以区分从句的种类。遇到一个复合句，首先要分析其句子结构，看从句在整个句子中起什么作用，那么它就是什么从句。2．分析引导词的句法作用以区别从句的种类。that这个词既可引导同位语从句，又可引导定语从句，这种两种从句从形式和结构上看特别相似，如何区分呢？区分that引导的是同位语从句还是定语从句的方法是，看that在从句中是否充当句子成分，若that在从句中不充当任何成分，则为同位语从句；若that在从句中充当主语或宾语，则为定语从句。3．根据被修饰词来判断从句的种类。定语从句常常修饰一些具有实际意义的名词，如：the film；the student；the book；a house等等。而同位语从句常常修饰一些表示抽象概念的名词，如fact、idea、promise、truth等，用来说明这些名词所表示的具体内容。状语从句在句子中常用来修饰谓语动词。4．根据从句前词的词性来判断从句的种类。宾语从句分两种：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句。宾语从句前肯定是动词或介词。定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的，所以其前一定是一个名词或代词。5．根据上下文意义和结构形式上区分从句的种类。如so that即可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句，如何区分呢？主要从以下两点来区分。①根据上下文意义判断。“以便……”表示目的，是目的状语从句，“以致于……”，“结果……”表示结果，是结果状语从句。②从结构形式上来分辨。so that前有逗号，为结勤劳的蜜蜂有糖吃 果状语从句，反之，则为目的状语从句。有时，so that前无逗号，这里要看从句中有无can、could、may、might、will、would、should 等情态动词，如果有，则多是目的状语从句，若没有，则多是结果状语从句。
高中培优讲义定积分及其简单应用
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复合不定代词的用法及考点解析
复合不定代词的用法及考点解析 [ 作者:oscar | 2005-08-10 12:06 :: 点击数:3908 ] 复合不定代词是由some,any,no,every加-body,-thing,-one构成，列表如下： 由于在使用中有比较特殊的习惯用法，是考试中比较常见的考点。现将常见的考试形式解析如下： 一：复合不定代词和部分否定 部分否定是考试中的热门考点，常表达的结构有两种：1：not+全部肯定词2：助动词+not+全部肯定词。其意都为“并非都，不都”。前者是一般形态，如：Not everyone likes English. 由于是基本概念，学
生比较容易理解。但后者和一般否定句比较相似，容易引起学生判断上的疑惑，是出题的焦点。 1．I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______. A. everything B: anything C. something D. nothing 分析：有同学看到I don’t agree就判断是否定句，选B, anything . 这就是对句子理解出现了偏差。句意是：我同意你所说的大部分，但不是全部。是一句典型的部分否定形式。not…everythign 的结构表明“并非每件事”。所以正确答案是A. everyting 。 2．----The exam was difficult, wasn’t it? ----No, but I don’t think ______ could pass it. A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D everybody 分析：同上题一样，不能将I don’t th ink 简单得看成否定句而选B. anybody。“not…everybody”构成部分否定，既“并非所有的人都能通过”。所以应该选D. everybody。 二：复合不定代词的定语位置 复合不定代词被定语修饰的时候，定语必须放在不定代词后面。特别是当修饰的定语比较复杂的情况下要认真分析，弄清词序间的修饰关系。1．There is _____________ with your car.