2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研阅读题,考研真题10

阅读题源

速读测试：当京剧遇到钢琴

前不久广州音乐厅上演的由谭盾指导的“霸王别姬”音乐会上，见证了中国古典京剧与西方传统钢琴交流碰撞出的绚烂火花。

测试中可能遇到的词汇和知识：

reconciling使和解，使一致

premiere首演

disciple追随者，弟子

clamour吵闹

percussion打击乐器

EinHeldenleben交响诗（施特劳斯所作著名乐章）

Guangzhou Symphony Orchestra,Xinghai Concert Hall,Guangzhou,China—review（357words）

By Ken Smith

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One would be hard pressed to find more conflicting musical sources than the piano and Peking opera:the instrument that essentially defined western tonality versus a tradition where tuning is hardly an overriding concern.But for several internationally minded Chinese composers,the challenge in reconciling the two has proved irresistible.

The latest,and perhaps most ambitious attempt came in the premiere of Tan Dun’s Farewell My Concubine,a symphonic poem for piano and Peking opera performer.The composer’s inspiration was the120th anniversary (doubling the60-year“life cycle”in Asian cultures)of the birth of

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Mei Lanfang,Peking opera’s most celebrated figure.The chief proponent was conductor Long Yu,China’s most active commissioner of new concert music,who led the premiere.

The piece’s success,though,came primarily in pairing pianist Yuja Wang with the Peking opera performer Xiao Di,a disciple of Mei Lanfang’s son Mei Baojiu.Wang’s athletic pianism,so effective in romantic repertory, proved equally apt in mimicking the clamour of Peking opera percussion and plucking piano strings like a Chinese zither.

Tan’s score remained notably free of exoticism,its westernisations freely referencing Cage,Cowell and Crumb while the Chinese front extended traditional Peking opera technique,leaving plenty of room in the orchestration for vocal ornaments.Dramatically,Wang became the Chu warlord Xiang Yu,Xiao Di his concubine,with the music reimagining the original tale in symphonic terms much as,say,Tchaikovsky’s Romeo and Juliet reimagines Shakespeare.

Despite the piece’s sturdy structure,one could envision the two soloists being given more to do,and growing bolder in their interactions.Their encores,though—Xiao Di’s traditional Peking opera tune and Wang’s blistering version of Horowitz’s Carmen Variations—revealed how much they had each ventured from their respective traditions already.

Musically,Strauss’s EinHeldenleben made a strange fit.It also lacked the polish of Long Yu’s performances with his other orchestras,the Shanghai Symphony and the China Philharmonic.But the GSO made the piece’s inner workings arguably more vibrant,and,coming right after Concubine, it did make one hear Strauss’s sonic portrayals of the Hero and his companion in a rather different light.

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How many times have Tan Dun’s production been on stage?

?Zero

?One

?Too many times

?Two

What is the name of Tan Dun’s production?

?Turandot(图兰朵)

?Liang Zhu(梁祝)

?Farewell My Concubine(霸王别姬)

?Cats(猫)

What is the advantage of this specific pianist,Yujia Wang?

?She knows how to sing Peking Opera herself.

?Her athletic pianism helped the two styles to merge.

?She can speak Chinese.

?The Peking Opera performer knows her well.

Which piece was chosen by the pianist as her solo performance??EinHeldenleben（交响诗）

?Yellow River（黄河）

?Moonlight Sonata（月光）

?Carmen（卡门）

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当京剧遇到钢琴

解析

B文章第二段作者讲到谭盾的这一个音乐制作是首演，所以演出场次是一次。C文章开头就说了，谭盾的创作是霸王别姬（“Farewell My Concubine”）。

B文章第三段作者提到Yujia Wang的演奏特点有助于钢琴声音与京剧音乐的融合。

D文章倒数第二段有讲到钢琴家最后的独奏是卡门（Carmen）。

2015年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士——英语翻译基础考研真题

育明状元学员回忆

一.词汇翻译（30分）

英译汉：从10个terms里面挑5个translate and define them briefly in Chinese(共15分，一个3分）

1added value tax

增值税

增值税是以商品（含应税劳务）在流转过程中产生的增值额作为计税依据而征收的一种流转税。从计税原理上说，增值税是对商品生产、流通、劳务服务中多个环节的新增价值或商品的附加值征收的一种流转税。实行价外税，也就是由消费者负担，有增值才征税没增值不征税。

2annual financial report

年度财务报告

年度财务报告是指年度终了对外提供的财务报告。通常将半年度，季度和月度财务报告统称为中期财务会计报告。年度财务报告作为综合反映企业单位年末财资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc18024852.html,

务状况、全年经营成果和现金流量的报告，在沟通企业单位管理层与财务会计报告使用者之间起着十分重要的桥梁作用。

3bull market

牛市，旺市；多头市场。

牛市，旺市指交易旺盛的市场形势，和"淡市'相对。

多头市场又称买空市场，是指股价的基本趋势持续上升时形成的投机者不断买进证券，需求大于供给的市场现象。

4law of diminishing marginal returns

边际收益递减规律

又称边际效益递减规律，或边际产量递减规律，指在短期生产过程中，在其他条件不变（如技术水平不变）的前提下，增加某种生产要素的投入，当该生产要素投入数量增加到一定程度以后，增加一单位该要素所带来的效益增加量是递减的，边际收益递减规律是以技术水平和其他生产要素的投入数量保持不变为条件的条件下进行讨论的一种规律。

5angel investment

天使投资

是权益资本投资的一种形式，是指富有的个人出资协助具有专门技术或独特概念的原创项目或小型初创企业，进行一次性的前期投资。

它是风险投资的一种形式，在根据天使投资人的投资数量以及对被投资企业可能提供的综合资源进行投资。

6capital turnover

资本周转

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资本周转指不断重复、周而复始的资本循环过程。资本必须在运动中才能实现其价值增殖，这种运动不能孤立地循环一次便停下来，而必须持续不断地周期性地进行。产业资本连续不断、周而复始的循环。资本必须在运动中才能实现其价值增值，这种运动不能孤立地循环一次便停下来，而必须持续不断地周期性地进行。这样的资本循环，叫做资本周转。

7butterfly effect

蝴蝶效应

蝴蝶效应是指在一个动力系统中，初始条件下微小的变化能带动整个系统的长期的巨大的连锁反应。这是一种混沌现象。任何事物发展均存在定数与变数，事物在发展过程中其发展轨迹有规律可循，同时也存在不可测的“变数”，一个微小的变化能影响事物的发展，说明事物的发展具有复杂性。

8calling center

呼叫中心

呼叫中心是充分利用现代通讯与计算机技术，如IVR（交互式语音800呼叫中心流程图应答系统）、ACD（自动呼叫分配系统）等等，可以自动灵活地处理大量各种不同的电话呼入和呼出业务和服务的运营操作场所。呼叫中心在企业应用中已经逐渐从电话营销中心向着

CTI（计算机通信集成）综合呼叫中心转变，已经将电话、计算机、互联网等多种媒介综合应用于营销、服务等等多项工作当中。呼叫中心就是在一个相对集中的场所，由一批服务人员组成的服务机构，通常利用计算机通讯技术，处理来自企业、顾客的垂询与咨询需求。以电话咨询为例，具备同时处理大量来话的能力，还具备主叫号码显示，可将来电自动分配给具备相应技能的人员处理，并能记录和储存所有来话信息。一个典型的以客户服务为主的呼叫中心可以兼具呼入与呼出功能，当处理顾客的信息查询、咨询、投诉等业务的同时，可以进行顾客回访、满意度调查等呼出业务。

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9SWOT analysis

四点（优势、劣势、机会、威胁）分析

SWOT分析方法是一种企业内部分析方法，即根据企业自身的既定内在条件进行

分析，找出企业的优势、劣势及核心竞争力之所在，从而将公司的战略与公司内部资源、外部环境有机结合。其中，S代表strength(优势)，W代表weakness(弱势)，O代表opportunity(机会)，T

代表threat(威胁)，其中，S、W是内部因素，O、T是外部因素。按照企业竞争战略的完整概念，战略应是一个企业“能够做的”（即组织的强项和弱项）和“可能做的”（即环境的机会和威胁）之间的有机组合。

意义：帮您清晰地把握全局，分析自己在资源方面的优势与劣势，把握环境提供的机会，防范可能存在的风险与威胁，对我们的成功有非常重要的意义。

10business model

商业模式

商业模式，是管理学的重要研究对象之一，MBA、EMBA

等主流商业管理课程均对“商业模式”给予了不同程度的关注。在分析商业模式过程中，主要关注一类企业在市场中与用户、供应商、其他合作伙伴的关系，尤其是彼此间的物流、信息流和资金流。

汉译英：从10个terms里面挑5个translate and define them briefly in English(共15分，一个3分）

1联合国贸发会议

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

（UNCTAD)Established in1964,the United Nations Conference on Trade and

Development(UNCTAD)promotes the development-friendly integration of 资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc18024852.html,

developing countries into the world economy.UNCTAD has progressively

evolved into an authoritative knowledge-based institution whose work aims to help shape current policy debates and thinking on development,with a particular focus on ensuring that domestic policies and international action are mutually supportive in bringing about sustainable development.或者

The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD)was established in1964as a permanent intergovernmental body.UNCTAD is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment,and development issues.The organization's goals are to: "maximize the trade,investment and development opportunities of developing countries and assist them in their efforts to integrate into the world economy on an equitable basis."The primary objective of UNCTAD is to formulate policies relating to all aspects of development including trade,aid,transport,finance and technology.The conference ordinarily meets once in four years;the permanent secretariat is in Geneva.

2普惠制

Generalised System of Preferences

（GSP)The Generalized System of Preferences,or GSP,is a preferential tariff system which provides for a formal system of exemption from the more general rules of the World Trade Organization(WTO),(formerly,the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or GATT).Specifically,it's a system of exemption from the most favored nation principle(MFN)that obliges WTO member countries to treat the imports of all other WTO member countries no worse than they treat the imports of their"most favored"

trading partner.In essence,MFN requires WTO member countries to treat 资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc18024852.html,

imports coming from all other WTO member countries equally,that is,by imposing equal tariffs on them,etc.GSP exempts WTO member countries from MFN for the purpose of lowering tariffs for the least developed countries, without also lowering tariffs for rich countries

3北美自由贸易协定

North American Free Trade Agreement

（NAFTA)The North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA)is an agreement signed by Canada,Mexico,and the United States,creating a trilateral rules-based trade bloc in North America.The agreement came into force on January1,1994.It superseded the Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement between the U.S.and Canada.NAFTA has two supplements:the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation(NAAEC)and the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation(NAALC).In terms of combined purchasing power parity GDP of its members,as of2013the trade bloc is the largest in the world as well as by nominal GDP comparison. 4口碑

word of mouth，

public praise Word of mouth is the passing of information from person to person by oral communication,which could be as simple as telling someone the time of day.Storytelling is a common form of word-of-mouth communication where one person tells others a story about a real event or something made up.Oral tradition is cultural material and traditions transmitted by word of mouth through successive generations.Storytelling and oral tradition are forms of word of mouth that play important roles in folklore and mythology.Another example of oral communication is oral 资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc18024852.html,

history—the recording,preservation and interpretation of historical information,based on the personal experiences and opinions of the speaker. Oral history preservation is the field that deals with the care and upkeep of oral history materials collected by word of mouth,whatever format they may be in.

5汇票

bill of exchange A bill of exchange or"draft"is a written order by the drawer to the drawee to pay money to the payee.A common type of bill of exchange is the cheque(check in American English),defined as a bill of exchange drawn on a banker and payable on demand.Bills of exchange are used primarily in international trade,and are written orders by one person to his bank to pay the bearer a specific sum on a specific date. Prior to the advent of paper currency,bills of exchange were a common means of exchange.They are not used as often today.6

6倾销

dumping In economics,"dumping"is a kind of predatory pricing, especially in the context of international trade.It occurs when manufacturers export a product to another country at a price either below the price charged in its home market or below its cost of production.7 7利基营销

niche marketing Niche marketing is marketing a product or service in a small portion of a market that is not being readily served by the main stream product or service providers.Nearly everything we take for granted –from the fast food chains,convenience stores,even Wal-Mart

–began as a business to fill perceived voids in the market place.These 资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc18024852.html,

“niches”

can be geographic areas,a specialty industry,a demographic or ethnic group,a specific gender group,or other special group of people.

8特许经营

Franchising Franchising is the practice of the right to use a firm's successful business model and brand for a prescribed period of time.The word"franchise"is of Anglo-French derivation—from franc,meaning free —and is used both as a noun and as a(transitive)verb.For the franchiser, the franchise is an alternative to building"chain stores"to distribute goods that avoids the investments and liability of a chain.The franchisor's success depends on the success of the franchisees.The franchisee is said to have a greater incentive than a direct employee because he or she has a direct stake in the business.Essentially,and in terms of distribution,the franchisor is a supplier who allows an operator,or a franchisee,to use the supplier's trademark and distribute the supplier's goods.In return,the operator pays the supplier a fee. Thirty three countries—including the United States and Australia—have laws that explicitly regulate franchising,with the majority of all other countries having laws which have a direct or indirect

impact on franchising.

9市场细分

market segmentation Market segmentation is a marketing strategy that involves dividing a broad target market into subsets of consumers, businesses,or countries who have common needs and priorities,and then designing and implementing strategies to target them.Market segmentation 资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc18024852.html,

strategies may be used to identify the target customers,and provide supporting data for positioning to achieve a marketing plan objective. Businesses may develop product differentiation strategies,or an undifferentiated approach,involving specific products or product lines depending on the specific demand and attributes of the target segment. 10对等贸易

counter trade Counter trade means exchanging goods or services which are paid for,in whole or part,with other goods or services,rather than with money.A monetary valuation can however be used in counter trade for accounting purposes.In dealings between sovereign states,the term bilateral trade is used.OR"Any transaction involving exchange of goods or service for something of equal value."

二．篇章翻译（120分）

英译汉（60分）

英译汉原文

When You Move,I Move:Increasing Synchronization Among Asia’

s Economies In recent decades,trade integration within Asia has increased more than in other regions.In valued-added terms, intraregional trade grew on average by over10percent a year from1990 to2012,twice the pace seen outside of Asia.Likewise,financial integration within the region has started to catch up,although it still lags behind trade integration.Concomitantly,business cycles in Asia have become steadily more synchronized over the past two decades,with the correlation between ASEAN economies’growth rates almost reaching the very high levels seen within the Euro Area.As outlined in the IMF 资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc18024852.html,

Asia and Pacific Department

’s latest Regional Economic Outlook,these facts are https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc18024852.html,ly, increases in trade and financial integration have strengthened the propagation of growth shocks between regional partners,leading Asian economies to move more in lockstep.One driver of this synchronization of business cycles has been the increase in size and connectedness of China’s economy.Looking ahead,we expect regional integration agenda and a bigger China to further increase spillovers and growth co-movement across the region.

Greater international cooperation,particularly regional and global financial safety nets,can help countries respond to the associated risk of more synchronized,sharper downturns,and thereby help Asia make the most of greater regional integration.Trade integration has been an important synchronizing force for Asian business cycles On the trade side,our study brings a novel finding:what makes two economies co-move —by propagating shocks across borders

—is the intensity of their bilateral trade in value-added terms,not in gross terms.The iPhone supply chain example illustrates why this makes sense:although China exports the product to the US,its domestic firms add only a small fraction of the overall value added,so that gross exports vastly over-estimate the dependence of the Chinese economy on final demand from American consumers.The reverse holds for Korea or Taiwan POC,which reap sizeable value added through exports of components to China even though they don’t export any iPhones to the US.Overall,the trend increase in the value-added traded between Asian economies over the past two decades has accounted for around one-quarter of the concomitant increase

资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc18024852.html,

in business cycle synchronization across the region.Financial integration has been a more ambivalent force.Across the world,it has magnified the impact on business cycle synchronization of large global shocks like the global financial crisis,as global banks pulled

funds back across the board.But in normal times,it has lowered synchronization somewhat,possibly by facilitating international reallocation of capital when a shock hits one country.However,this has been less of a factor in Asia,where cross-border financial claims and flows have so far been comparatively small.

英译汉的译文

亦步亦趋：亚洲经济体的同步性不断增强

近几十年来，亚洲贸易一体化的步伐大于其他地区。以增加值计算，

1990年至2012年，亚洲区域内贸易平均每年增长10%以上，增速是亚洲之外地区的两倍。同样，该地区的金融一体化也开始赶超，但仍落后于贸易一体化。伴随而来的是，过去二十年里，亚洲地区的商业周期的同步性稳步上升，东盟各经济体增长率的关联度几乎达到了欧元区内的极高水平。

正如基金组织亚太部最新一期《地区经济展望》所述，上述情况是相互关联的，即，贸易与金融一体化的发展推动了区域伙伴之间增长冲击的传播，导致亚洲经济体的步伐愈发一致。中国经济的规模扩大和对外关联度增强是商业周期同步化的一个驱动因素。展望未来，我们预计区域一体化行动和中国的发展将进一步加强该地区的溢出效应和增长联动性。加强国际合作，尤其是区域和全球金融安全网方面的合作，有助于各国应对更同步的、更急剧的经济下滑风险，进而使亚洲能从深化区域一体化中获得最大的收益。

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贸易一体化是亚洲商业周期同步化增强的重要驱动因素

在贸易方面，我们的研究得出了一个新颖的观点，即，导致两个经济体（通过跨境传播冲击进行）联动的因素是以增加值衡量的双边贸易规模，而非总值衡量的规模。苹果手机供应链的例子可以很好地解释这个道理。虽然中国向美国出口产品，但国内企业获得的增加值仅为总体增加值的一小部分，因此按总出口来衡量的话会大大高估中国经济对美国消费者最终需求的依赖性。韩国或中国台湾的情况则正相反：即便他们不向美国出口任何苹果手机，但可通过向中国出口配件来获取丰厚的增加值。总体上来看，亚洲商业周期同步性的增幅中，约有四分之一是因为过去二十年里亚洲经济体之间贸易增加值的趋势增长。

金融一体化则是一股更具矛盾的力量。在全球范围内，由于危机期间全球性银行全面收回资金，金融一体化加剧了诸如国际金融危机这种大规模全球冲击对商业周期同步性的影响。但在正常时期，金融一体化导致同步性有所下降，其途径可能是：在冲击影响某一国时，金融一体化会促进资本在全球的再分配。然而，金融一体化对亚洲的影响不大，因为该地区跨境金融债权和流动的规模至今相对较小。

汉译英（60分）

汉译英的原文

我国人口老龄化对经济增长的潜在影响理论研究认为,老龄化会减少劳动力供给,降低社会储蓄率,导致产出和资本形成能力下降,最终影响经济增长。同时,发达国家的实际表明,随着人口老龄化,养老费用及人均医疗费用均会大幅上升,加重政府财政负担。与发达国家“富老同步冶或者“先富后老冶相比,我国人均收入水平仍然较低,属于明显的“未富先老冶,

对经济增长的影响日益明显。一是未来劳动力供给减少和成本上升,将不利于企业尤其是劳动密集型企业发展。二是老年抚养比淤上升将影响居民储蓄数量和储蓄倾向,并通过降低企业利润间接影响企业储蓄行为。储蓄下降将减少投资资金资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc18024852.html,

来源,并影响资金价格。三是加重财政支出负担。与发达国家相比,我国社会保障水平较低,养老保险和医疗保险面临资金紧张、覆盖面窄等问题,许多地方存在养老金缺口。随着我国社会保障体系逐渐完善,养老金水平不断提高,医疗保障覆盖面扩大,未来老龄化所带来的财政支出将大幅增长,财政压力随之增大。人口老龄化将是我国需要面对的一个长期问题,应加快采取相关应对措施,继续推进新型城镇化建设和区域经济协调发展,进一步推动农村剩余劳动力的转移和就业。加大人力资本投入,提高劳动者素质。大力促进科技创新,实现产业结构优化升级,通过技术进步来弥补劳动力优势的逐步丧失。加快健全社会保障体系,继续扩大养老保险和医疗保险覆盖面,逐步提高社会保障水平。

汉译英的译文

The Potential Impact of China’s Aging Population on Its Economic Growth Theoretical studies suggest that aging population will reduce labor supply,reduce the social saving rate,result in reduced output and capital formation,and ultimately affect economic growth.Meantime,the experiences of developed countries show that with aging population, expenditure for the elder and per capital health care will rise sharply, adding to the fiscal https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc18024852.html,pared with“synchronization of getting rich and becoming an aged society”or“becoming a rich society before getting older”,China’s per capita income is still relatively low,and China’s situation belongs to“becoming an aged society before getting rich”,and its impact on economic growth is increasingly evident. First,in the future,declining labor supply and rising labor cost will have a negative impact on the corporate sector,especially labor-intensive enterprises.Second,the rising elder dependency ratio will affect households’saving amount and the propensity to save,and 资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc18024852.html,

indirectly affect corporate saving behaviors by depressing corporate profits.The decline in savings will reduce the source of investment funds, and in turn affect the price of funds.Third,aging population will add to fiscal https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc18024852.html,pared with developed countries,China’s social security level is relatively low,both the pension funds and medical insurance system face the problems of insufficient funding and inadequate coverage,and there are shortfalls in many localities.As China’s social security system is gradually improved,the level of pensions continues to rise,and the health insurance coverage expands,in the future fiscal expenditures resulting from aging population will grew rapidly,adding to increasing fiscal pressures.Since population aging is a long-term issue in China,measures should be taken continuously to promote urbanization and balanced regional economic development,and to facilitate the transfer and reemployment of surplus labor in the rural area.Furthermore the following measures should be taken:increase human capital input,and improve labor quality;vigorously promote technological innovation and upgrade industrial structure to offset the gradual loss of labor advantage via technological progress;accelerate the building of the social security system,and continue to expand the coverage of pension funds and medical insurances to gradually upgrade the social security level.

资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc18024852.html,

2016年考研英语一真题及答案

2016 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一） 真题及答案（完整版） Text 1 France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health -as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman （and many men ）that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques . The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance. Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry. 21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France [A] Physical beauty would be redefined [B] New runways would be constructed

2016考研英语一真题及答案

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 Section I: Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, １those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying 10. [A] passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] serving 11. [A] meeting [B] collection [C] association [D] union 12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D] live 13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] if [D] for 14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D]avoid 15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed 16. [A] whatever [B] however [C] whenever [D] wherever 17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed

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2016年考研英语一翻译真题及译文 (ctrl+D收藏即可)。更多考研信息请关注我们网站的更新! 2016年考研英语一翻译真题及译文 试题来源：Slowing Down to the Speed of Life: How to Create a More Peaceful, Simpler Life from the Inside Out 原文作者：Richard Carlson, Joseph Bailey 文章主题：Mental Health， 文章字数：

原文和逐句对照译文： 46. We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. 我们不必学习如何保持健康的心理;它与生俱来，正如我们的身体知道如何让伤口痊愈，如何让骨折好转。 47. Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant. 健康的心理其实一直都在我们身边;正如乌云背后的太阳，人们有时会看不见它，但是它完全有能力立刻回来。 48. Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy

2016-2020年考研英语一真题阅读理解

2016 英语（一）阅读理解 Text 1 France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runaways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced,would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques. The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially

2016年考研英语一真题及答案解析 完整版

Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family. The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby. Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.

2016考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(二)第3篇-毙考题

2016考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(二)第3篇-毙考题

2016考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第3 篇 That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliche. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There’s never any time to read. What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient. The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times”. But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t w ork.

Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning — or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication... It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption”. Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.

2016考研英语(一)真题及参考答案--阅读理解

2016考研英语(一)真题及参考答案--阅读理解Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that incite excessive thinness by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. Thats a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape measure

2016年考研英语一真题及答案

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一） 真题及答案（完整版） Text 1 France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health -as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques . The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance. Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry. 21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?

2016考研英语阅读常见的5种篇章结构模式

2016考研英语阅读常见的5种篇章结构模式对于一篇完整的英文说明文或者议论文来说，不论其形式看上去有多么复杂多样，但是每个作者都有自己的写作目的。为了达到写作目的，一般考研英语阅读的文章都是采取特定的篇章结构模式，仔细分析历年考研阅读理解的篇章结构特点，发现命题人在编排文章时通常采用五种结构模式。 一、层层递进型 全文论述从抽象到具体，从简单到复杂，文章开始是对有关主题的一般介绍，然后一步一步将主题具体化。这类文章的各段开始常出现表示递进关系的副词，如in addition to，furthermore，moreover等，文章的主题一般可以通过综合各段首句得出。 二、一枝独秀型 全文围绕一个核心概念展开，文章围绕着这个概念、中心思想或者现象，从各个方面进行分析和解释说明，最后对文章进行总结，并再一次对该概念、中心思想进行阐述。 三、花开两朵型 文章开始提出两个核心概念，随后分段论述。把握这种文章的关键是注意这两个核心概念的定义，以及它们的区别和联系。这种结构分为两类，一种是两个

概念是并列的，另一种是两个概念形成对比，对于后一种文章要注意两个概念之间的区别，以及作者对各自的态度。 四、现象——解释型 在现象——解释型的文章中，作者在文章开始给出一个现象，相当于提出一个问题，然后对现象进行解释或分析现象或问题产生的原因，存在的因数以及可能解决方案，作者可能提到几个不同的解决方案，但是之后作者自己认可的那种解决方案才是文章的重点和主题;在文章最后对现象或问题进行总结说明并进一步强调作者支持的那种解决办法。 五、问题——解决方案型 在这类文章中，作者首先提出一个问题，然后针对这一问题给出解决方案。如果有多个解决方案，作者认可的才是主题。 除了文章结构外，对于报刊杂志体文章时文的一般特点也应有所了解，因为这种文章在考研阅读中占有极大比重。报刊杂志体文章的主要特点有： 1.引人入胜。通常以一个有趣或吸引人的故事或背景开始。 2.抛砖引玉。讲故事或交代背景的目的在于引出主题。所以，时文的主题常出现于首段的最后一句话或第二段的首句。

2016考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(二)第4篇-毙考题

2016考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第4篇 Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found. Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it. Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found. From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life,

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2016考研英语二答案详解：阅读理解 Text 1 21 答案B remodel the way of thinking. 解析：此题是文中人物观点题。根据Cortina定位到第二段前三句。Cortina认为尽早接触计算机科学是有益的。第三句It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. 译为在转变思维程序方面小孩不像年龄较大的学生一样困难，即B remodel the way of thinking 转变思维方式即为同义替换。 22 答案D interest 解析：此题是细节题。根据关键词Friedman定位到第四段第二句but之后引号里面内容“我们试图让课程符合学生兴趣”，故而D interest为正确答案。 23 答案A help students learn other computer languages 解析：文中人物观点题。题干问的是Deborah Seehorn认为在Flatiron这里所学到的技能将能怎么样，据此定位到第五段But处，和题干基本一致，该句指出“But the skills they learn…appl to any coding language”，意思是他们学到的技能可以应用于任何编码语言。对比答案选项，A选项的意思是“帮助学生学习其他的计算机语言”属于原文定位处的同义替换。 24 答案C become better prepared for the digitalized world 解析：细节题。题干指出：根据最后一段，Flatiron的学生被期望去干什么。据此定位到最后一段的These kids are going to be处，是题干的同义复现。定位句“These kids are…be surrounded by computers for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think…….the better.”，意思是学生们越早学越好。C选项“为数字化的未来做更好的准备”是同义概述。 25 答案B persuade 解析：词义句意题，结合上下文来解题。根据coax此单词，定位到最后一段最后一句“how to coax the machine into producing what they want”，考察固定搭配“persuade…into…”。A选项挑战，B选项劝服，C选项使恐慌，D选项误导。考生做题时一定要注意结合上下文来推测生词的词义，这是命题人的出题规律。 Text 2 26 答案A its drastically decreased population 解析：此题是原因细节题。根据关键词定位到第一段But前后关于lesser prairie chickens 数量2million和22,000的强烈对比。此外第二段第二句“the lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation”都可以得知A its drastically decreased population 数量的急剧下降为正确答案。 27 答案C granted less federal regulatory powers 解析：此题是原因细节题。根据关键词定位到第二段第四句，They had …, a state that gives federal officials greater regulatory power. 而But 之后是截然相反的事实，即政府授予了更少的管理权。故而C granted less federal regulatory powers为正确答案。 28 答案A agree to pay a sum for compensation 解析：推断题。题干问的是从第三段推出来：无意伤害的那些人是不会被检举的如果怎么样。根据题干定位到第三段首句“it would not prosecute….as long as ….”，题干中问的if 即原文的as long as的同意替换，原文as long as的意思是：只要他们签署了计划。下一句说道，该计划要求个体和企业去支付基金。对应选项A选项“赞同支付赔偿”属于同义替换。

2016考研英语一真题及答案完整版

2016考研英语一真题及答案完整版

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考研英语二标准答案详解：阅读理解

考研英语二答案详解：阅读理解

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2016考研英语二答案详解：阅读理解 Text 1 21 答案B remodel the way of thinking. 解析：此题是文中人物观点题。根据Cortina定位到第二段前三句。Cortina认为尽早接触计算机科学是有益的。第三句It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. 译为在转变思维程序方面小孩不像年龄较大的学生一样困难，即B remodel the way of thinking 转变思维方式即为同义替换。 22 答案D interest 解析：此题是细节题。根据关键词Friedman定位到第四段第二句but之后引号里面内容“我们试图让课程符合学生兴趣”，故而D interest为正确答案。 23 答案A help students learn other computer languages 解析：文中人物观点题。题干问的是Deborah Seehorn认为在Flatiron这里所学到的技能将能怎么样，据此定位到第五段But处，和题干基本一致，该句指出“But the skills they learn…appl to any coding language”，意思是他们学到的技能可以应用于任何编码语言。对比答案选项，A选项的意思是“帮助学生学习其他的计算机语言”属于原文定位处的同义替换。 24 答案C become better prepared for the digitalized world 解析：细节题。题干指出：根据最后一段，Flatiron的学生被期望去干什么。据此定位到最后一段的These kids are going to be处，是题干的同义复现。定位句“These kids are…be surrounded by computers for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think…….the better.”，意思是学生们越早学越好。C选项“为数字化的未来做更好的准备”是同义概述。 25 答案B persuade 解析：词义句意题，结合上下文来解题。根据coax此单词，定位到最后一段最后一句“how to coax the machine into producing what they want”，考察固定搭配“persuade…into…”。A选项挑战，B选项劝服，C选项使恐慌，D选项误导。考生做题时一定要注意结合上下文来推测生词的词义，这是命题人的出题规律。 Text 2 26 答案A its drastically decreased population 解析：此题是原因细节题。根据关键词定位到第一段But前后关于lesser prairie chickens 数量2million和22,000的强烈对比。此外第二段第二句“the lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation”都可以得知A its drastically decreased population 数量的急剧下降为正确答案。 27 答案C granted less federal regulatory powers 解析：此题是原因细节题。根据关键词定位到第二段第四句，They had …, a state that gives federal officials greater regulatory power. 而But 之后是截然相反的事实，即政府授予了更少的管理权。故而C granted less federal regulatory powers为正确答案。 28 答案A agree to pay a sum for compensation 解析：推断题。题干问的是从第三段推出来：无意伤害的那些人是不会被检举的如果怎么样。根据题干定位到第三段首句“it would not prosecute….as long as ….”，题干中问的if 即原文的as long as的同意替换，原文as long as的意思是：只要他们签署了计划。下一句说道，该计划要求个体和企业去支付基金。对应选项A选项“赞同支付赔偿”属于同义替换。 29 答案D the states