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江西省吉安县凤凰中学初中英语语法复习 动词时态复习讲义

江西省吉安县凤凰中学初中英语语法复习 动词时态复习讲义
江西省吉安县凤凰中学初中英语语法复习 动词时态复习讲义

一般现在时

一、动词的第三人称词尾变化:

当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词需加-s或-es:

规则动词原形第三人称单数形式

一般在词尾加-s,(清辅音后读∕s ∕,在浊辅音后读∕z∕;在t后读∕ts∕,在d后读∕dz∕。) play

leave

swim

plays

leaves

swims

以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加-es,读∕iz∕,如果动词原形词尾已有e,则只加-s。pass

fix

teach

wish

do

passes

fixes

teaches

wishes

does

以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先变y为i, 再加-es,读∕z∕。study

carry

fly

studies

carries

flies

注意:动词have的第三人称单数是has.

写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。

1. cook _______

2.watch________

3.build_________

4.have________

5.wash________

6. enjoy ______

7. go _________8 receive ______9 cry______10. close ________

11. drive _______ 12. choose ______13. play ________14. reach ________

二. 一般现在时的用法

1)表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有:always、often、usually、seldom、never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。

例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。

I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。

2)表示现在的状态。

例如:My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父亲在工作,他很忙。

The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。

3)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。

例如:All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。

My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。

4)表示客观真理,客观存在,自然现象。

例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

5)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。

例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。

He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。

6)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。

例如:I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。

If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.

如果你接受这份工作,他们将和你谈谈细节。

巩固练习:

1、Lucy likes going skating with her friends. (改写成否定句)

________________________________________________________

2、Aunt Li’s son has ten toy bears. (对划线部分提问)

________________________________________________________

3、His watch costs 300 yuan. (变成一般疑问句并否定回答)

________________________________________________________

4、I like being a nurse for the old. (变成一般疑问句)

________________________________________________________

5、张叔叔每天乘坐地铁上班。

________________________________________________________

6、我们每周日常花三小时在图书馆看书。

________________________________________________________

7、我爷爷常常晚饭后出去散步。

________________________________________________________

一般过去时

一、动词过去式的规则变化:

构成规则动词原形动词过去式

一般在动词原形末尾加-ed,(在清辅音后读∕t∕;在浊辅音和元音后读∕d∕;在

∕t∕,∕d∕后读∕id∕。look

play

work

looked

played

worked

结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d like

live

hope liked lived hoped

末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed plan

stop

drop

planned

stopped

dropped

结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变“y”为“I”再加-ed study

worry

cry

studies

worries

cries

注:不规则动词过去式参见八年级下册P142。

写出下列动词的过去式形式。

1. put ________

2. drink _______

3. cry _______

4. pull ________

5. ride ________

6.begin ________

7. sit ________

8. run _________

9. take _________ 10.sweep _______ 11. stop _______ 12. solve _______13. rob ________14. wait _________15. lie _________ 16. turn _______17. explore _______18. drop _______19. clean ______20. produce _____

21.get __________https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c818189605.html,ugh________23.pay________24.die_________25.prefer ______

二. 一般过去时的用法

1)表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week, an hour ago,just now, the other day, in 1982等连用。在一般过去式中,要表达“过多少时间之后”,一般用after。几年后。

例如:Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?

After a few years,she started to play the piano.几年后,她开始弹钢琴。

2)表示在过去,经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。例如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。

3)一般过去式也可与today,this week,this month,this year等表现在的时间壮语连用,但这些时间壮语须指过去的时间,决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。

例如:Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗?

巩固练习:

1、Yesterday I went swimming.(改写成否定句。)

________________________________________________________

2、He was born in Shanghai.(对划线部分提问)

________________________________________________________

3我昨天买了一辆新自行车。

________________________________________________________

4、我前天读了一本书。

________________________________________________________

一般将来时

一、一般将来时的构成:助动词will+动词原形

在口语中,will在名词或代词后常缩为’ll,wii not常简缩为won’t。在疑问句中,主语为第一人称时(I和we)时,常用助动词shall。

例如:She’ll go to play basketball. 她要去打篮球。

Shall we go to the zoo? 我们要去动物园吗?

二、一般将来时的用法

1、表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, next year等连用。例如:I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.

2、表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。

例如:I’ll come and see you every Saturday next year.明年我将每个星期六来看你。

3、表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测,通常用be afraid,be/feel sure,hope,know,think 等后面的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe等连用。

例如:I think she’ll go back home for supper. 我想她会回家吃饭。

Maybe she’ll go to the gym.也许她会去体育馆。

三、be going to +不定式,表示将来。

1、表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思。即计划,安排要发生的事。

例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?

The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。

2、表示说话人确信如此或有某种迹象表明某事即将发生。

例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。

3、注意:be going to 和will之间的区别。

○1两者都用于预测时,be going to意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生,属客观的推测;will 则意指说话人认为/相信某件事将要发生,属主观的推测。

○2两者在时间的发生上,be going to通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情;而will不指明任何具体时间,可以指遥远的未来。

例如:He is gong in to be better. 他的病就要好起来了。

He will be better. 他的病会好起来了。

○3两者都表示意图时,be going to含有预先计划、准备的意思;will则指未经过预先思考或计划,是临时的一种决定。

○4在条件壮语从句中,be going to表将来,will表意愿。

例如:If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

如果你将要去旅行,最好尽快做好准备。

Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her. 如果你去问高老师,她会告诉你答案。

四、be +不定式表将来,表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。

例如:We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

五、be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

例如:He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

巩固练习:

1. Mrs. Brown is going to buy a digital camera. (对划线部分提问)

________________________________________________________

2.My boss is going to fly to London on business the day after tomorrow. (用often改写句子)____________________________________________________

3.Sam will visit Brazil next week. (变成一般疑问句并否定回答)

________________________________________________________

4. 他们今晚要去看足球赛。

________________________________________________________

5.金一家人什么时候去长城啊?

________________________________________________________

过去将来时

一、过去将来时的构成:1、would/should+动词原形

2、was/were going to+动词原形

二、过去将来时的用法:

1、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。

例如:He said that he would finish his work before 9 o’clock.

他说他会在九点之前完成工作。

2、表示过去的某种习惯,只要would。

例如:Whenever he has been in trouble,we would give him a hand.

每当他遇到困难时,我们总会伸出援助之手。

巩固练习:

1、He said that he (come)back tonight.

2、I thought it (rain)soon.

现在进行时

一、现在进行时的构成:am/is/are+动词的现在分词

二、动词V-ing的构成形式

规则原形-ing形式

一般在动词原形末尾加-ing listen

spend listening spending

stay staying

以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing

have

prepare

close

having

preparing

closing

以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing

sit

begin

run

put

sitting

beginning

running

putting

以ie为重读音节结尾的动词,先去掉e,把i改为y,再加-ing lie

die

lying

dying

以er结尾的动词,如是重读音节结尾,先双写r,再加-ing;如不是重读音节结尾,就直接加-ing prefer

water

preferring

watering

写出下列动词的现在分词形式。

1、win

2、relax

3、jump

4、make

5、have

6、talk

7、tie

8、cheer

9、enjoy 10、cry 11、come 12、fit

三、现在进行时的用法:

1、表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作。常与now,right now,at this moment 等时间壮语连用。

例如:We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。

2、表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内),一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)

He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。

3、表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,常与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,

往往带有说话人的主观色彩。

例如:You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。

4、表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。

例如:The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。

It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。

5、表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。

○1表移动的终止性动词(come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等)用于现在进行时,表示即将要发生动作。

例如:I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。

○2一些持续性动词用于进行时,表将来,表示说话者对对方将要做的事情的一种关心。例如:Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?

注意:

巩固练习:

1、Bruce often writes letters in English. (用now改写句子)

________________________________________________________

2、They are surfing. (对划线部分提问)

________________________________________________________

3、瞧,那些孩子们玩的真高兴!

________________________________________________________

4、这些天工人们一直在尽力修补那些坏了的帐篷。

________________________________________________________

用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. Uncle Wang usually _______ (go) to work by bike.

2. Be quiet ! The patient ____________ (sleep).

3、Look, a number of Young Pioneers _______________(plant) trees over there.

4、Emily often _______ (help) her mother _________ (wash) clothes on Sunday.

5、______ (not be) afraid, I ____________ (show) you how to reach the station.

6、What ______ you ______________ (do) the day after tomorrow ?

7、There ________ (be) an important meeting in two days.

8、My aunt (join) the Party in 1995.

过去进行时

一、过去进行时的构成:was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing)

二、过去进行时的用法:

1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作,通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。

例如:At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.

昨天这个时候,我正在收拾东西去露营。

2、表移动的动词,如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时,可以表示过去将要发生的动作。

例如:She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。

3、在含有时间壮语从句的复合句中,表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行。

例如:It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。

4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时,过去进行时经常与其它过去时态,特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。

例如:One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity … .

一天晚上,他正在书房里打字。突然,一个人闯进屋来,切断了电源……

巩固练习:

1、Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.

A. made

B. is making

C. was making

D. makes

2、As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.

A. read;was falling

B. was reading;fell

C. was reading;was falling

D. read;fell 现在完成时

一、现在完成时的构成:助动词have/has+动词的过去分词

二、过去分词的构成:

过去分词的规则变化与动词过去式的变化相同,在动词词尾加-ed;不规则变化的过去分词见九年级下册教科书p74《不规则动词表》。

写出下列动词的过去分词形式。

1、bring

2、catch

3、do

4、find

5、eat

6、get

7、forget

8、cut

9、pay 10、know 11、buy 12、see

13、come 14、sleep 15、spend 16、tell

三、现在完成时的用法

1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与already, yet, ever, never, just,before 等词连用。

例如:Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗?

You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。

2、表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间壮语连用,常用的有:for+一段时间;since+过去时间点或从句。(Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度),提问用How long.

例如:It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。

They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。

3、现在完成时需注意的问题:

○1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的壮语连用appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close, come,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop等。

例如:He has joined the army for five years. (错误)

He has been in the army for five years.(正确)

注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

(错)I have received his letter for a month.

(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.

○2不能和明确的过去时间壮语连用,如:yesterday,last week,in 1998,two days ago等。

○3have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别:

have/has been to

have/has gone to

试举例:

○4比较一般过去时与现在完成时

一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,强调动作,不和现在发生联系,常与具体的过去时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now 等,;现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,不能与表过去的时间壮语连用。

I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)

I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)

Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)

He has been a League member for three years. (强调他是团员)

巩固练习:

1、-Do you know our town at all?

-No, this is the first time I ___ here.

A. was

B. have been

C. came

D. am coming

2、-Have you ____ been to our town before?

-No, it's the first time I ___ here.

A. even, come

B. even, have come

C. ever, come

D. ever, have come

3、Do you know ________?

A. how long has he lived here

B. how long he has lived here

C. he has lived here how long

D. he has lived how long here

过去完成时

一、过去完成时的构成:助动词had+动词过去分词

二、过去完成时的用法:

1、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与“by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。

例如:The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到达之前,火车已经开走了。

He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。2、表示在过去某一时间点之前已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态,常与for/since引导的表示过去的时间壮语连用。

例如:I had lived in America for two years before I came here .

我来这儿之前在美国住过两年。

3、表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等。这种用法中常用的动词为hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。

例如:We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。

I had thought that all knew about it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢。

巩固练习:

1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.

A. had met

B. have met

C. met

D. meet

2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.

---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.

A. have been

B. had been

C. was

D. will be

3、The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

A. had written, left B,were writing, has left

C. had written, had left

D. were writing, had left

4、My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.

A. has lost, don't find

B. is missing, don't find

C. has lost, haven't found

D. is missing, haven't found.

初中英语语法八大时态总结

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④seldom ⑤sometimes ⑥every+时间 ⑦次数+时间 ⑧on+时间 ⑨in+时间 ⑩没有时间,但表示客观存在的事实 (2)一般现在时动词的形式主要用动词原形表示,但如果主语是单数第三人称时,则在动词后加s或es,变成否定句和疑问句时,又将s、es去掉,还为原形。 ①be动词的一般现在时的构成 否定式和疑问否定式如下表所示: ②其他实义动词的一般现在时的构成

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初中英语语法大全(必备)

初中英语语法大全(必备)

英语语法大全: 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do (例如:I like watching monkeys jump) 2 (比较级and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同····一道,伴随······(例如: I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树) 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西)(例如: ask you for my book ) 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时(例如:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初;……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾(例如: At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 (例如: I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v.原) = can (+ v.原)能够……(例如: She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么(例如:she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕……(例如: I'm afraid to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么(例如: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视、I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气(例如: Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样(例如: She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to感到羞愧 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害(例如: Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于

初中英语语法--时态

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初中英语语法动词时态

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初中英语语法知识—动词时态的解析

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