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2014高三级英语语法复习之名词(修改)

2014高三级英语语法复习之名词(修改)
2014高三级英语语法复习之名词(修改)

2014届高三级英语语法复习专题(一)—— 名词与主谓一致

1. 不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词,他们不能直接和表示数字的词或不定冠词连用,也没

有复数形式,常考的不可数名词有:music, fun, news, information, advice, weather, homework, work, air, time, money, paper, traffic, practice, knowledge, progress 等。

2. 不可数名词可以借助量词来表示一定的数量,如:a piece of news, two bottles of water, four

pieces of advice, six pieces of paper…..

练习;填入恰当的量词

a ________________ of good news (条) a ________________ of trousers (条) a ________________ of advice ( 条) a ________________ of coffee (杯 ) a ________________ of oil (滴) a ________________ of time (段) a ________________ of matches (盒) a ________________ of glasses (副) a ________________ of chocolate (条) a ________________ of ink (瓶)

a ________________ of tea (壶)

two ______________ of fish (盘)

three ______________ of rice (袋)

four ______________ of furniture (件)

five _______________ of sugar (磅)

six ________________ of clothes (套)

考点二:名词的单复数形式的特殊问题

1. 名词作不可数名词表示抽象概念或物质,作可数名词时表示具体事物

2. 有些抽象名词在中国人看来不可数,但在英语中可在前面加a/an ,而转化为个体名词。 a pleasure 一件乐事 a knowledge 一门知识

a voice 一种声音 a walk 一次步行

a rest 一次休息 a pity 另人惋惜的事

a surprise 一次惊奇 a success 成功的人或事

a failure 一次失败 a smile 微笑

an honor 荣誉 a population 人口

3. 有些名词有单复数形式,但意思不同

brain 脑子 →brains 智能 custom 风俗 →customs 关税,海关

difficulty 困难 →difficulties 难事 damage 损害→damages 损害事

green 绿色 → greens 蔬菜/青菜 import 进口→ imports 进口货物

people 人们→peo ples 民族 time 时间 →times 时代,次数

work 工作 → works

工厂,著作 good 益处 → goods 货物

necessity 必要性 → necessities 必需品 water 水→ waters 海域,江/湖/河水

二、名词的数

1) 以–f 或–fe 结尾,改为–ves

knife----_________; wolf----__________; wife----_________; leaf----________; half----_______;

shelf----_________; thief----__________; life---___________; handkerchief----___________

2) 以–f 或–fe 结尾,直接+ -s

gulf----_________; roof----___________; chief----_________; serf----________; belief----________; proof----_________; handkerchief----____________

巧记:海湾边,屋顶上,首领奴仆两相望;谁说他们没信仰,证据写在手拍上。

3) 特殊记

foot---________; tooth----__________; man----_________; woman-----____________;

goose----_________; louse-----__________; mouse-----__________; ox----__________;

child----__________;

4) 单复数同形(译成中文)

sheep _________; deer__________; fish________; swine__________; means_________; head__________; aircraft__________; species__________;

Chinese___________; Japanese_____________; Swiss__________

5) 只有复数形式(译成中文)

scissors____________; trousers___________; socks__________; gloves____________; scales___________; compasses____________; glasses___________; goods__________;

复合名词的复数

一般将主体名词变数

passer-by _______________; new-comer_____________; father-in-law_______________

没有主体名词,在复合名词后+ -s

grown-up______________;

man与woman置于前构成的复合名词,两个名词都要变为复数

man servant__________________; woman doctor___________________

三、名词所有格

1. 表示有生命的东西的名词,所有格在名词后加’s

Mike的笔_________________________; 那个男孩的妈妈__________________________; 她的父亲的书房_______________________; 这个学生的书__________________________;

2. 以–s结尾+ ’

那些工人们的建议____________________; 老师们的办公室____________________;

3. 表示无生命的东西的名词,用of+名词的结构来表示

一幅中国的地图_____________________; 杂志的封面_____________________;

4.表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,所有格也可在词尾+ ’s.

今天的报纸_____________________; 十分钟的休息_______________________;

中国的人口_____________________; 三米的距离_________________________;

5表示店铺或某人的家时,常在所有格后省去shop, home.

医生的诊所_____________________; 我叔叔的家_______________________;

理发店_____________________; 裁缝店_________________________;

6. 如果两个名词并列,表示共同所属时,在最后一个名词后加’s;表各自所属时,则两个名词后都加’s

John和Mary的房间(两间)____________________________________

John 和Mary的room(一间)___________________________________

7. 所有格用to的名词

那扇门的钥匙__________________________; 那个问题的答案_________________;

知识的桥梁_______________________; 那条学校的路_________________________;

那座建筑的出口_______________________; 那个大厅的入口_________________

8. 双重所有格(构成:名词+of+-'s所有格/物主代词)

当表示所有歌的名词前有冠词、数词,不定代词或指示代词时,常用“名词+of+’s)形式

鲁迅小说中的一本_________________; 她的一个朋友____________________________ David的那个好主意______________________; Dicken的那辆单车____________________ 四、名词的用法

指出下列名词(划线部分)在句中所作句子成分,并思考名词的用法与前后语境。

Tom is a worker. (主语) (表语) The Children’s Palace is near Jane’s home. ( ) She gave me some good advice. ( ) He didn’t go there because of his illness. ( ) We made Tom our monitor. ( ) We students should study hard. ( )

The author’s name is on the cover of the book. ( )

This book is of great use (= This book is very useful). ( )

五、主谓一致

谓语动词用单数的情况:

1.单个动名词、不定式、从句做主语时,谓语动词要用单数。

1)Growing flowers _____ (need) constant watering.

2)When we’ll hold the meeting _____ (have) not been decided.

2. news, politics, physics等形式为复数而意义为单数的名词、国名(the United States)、地名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

1)No news (be) good news.

2)The Arabian Nights(be) a very interesting story-book.

3.表示时间、距离、金额、体积、面积、重量等意义的复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。

1) Ten pounds (be) missing from my pocket just now.

2) Twenty years (have) passed since he left his hometown.

4. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数,如someone, somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。

Someone_____ (be) asking for you. 有人找你。

Nothing _____ (be) found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。

5. more than one/many a + 单数名词作主语,意义上是复数,谓语动词常用单数。(形单意复) More than one student (have) tried.

Many a teacher ____ (be) watching the football match.

6. every... and every ...; each ... and each ...; no ... and no ...在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。

Each man and each woman ______ (be) asked to attend.

谓语动词用复数的情况:

1. 用and; both...and连接主语时为复数人: He and I are good friends. 他和我是好朋友。

2. 表示一类人的“the +形容词(分词)”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

The sick in the accident have been taken to the hospital.

3. “the+姓的复数形式”表示一家人作主: The Whites are going to make a trip to London.

4. 复数形式的群岛、山脉,瀑布等作主语: The Philippines lie to the southeast of China.

谓语动词要视情况而定的情况:

1.由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词用复数;但指的是同一概念或一个人的双重身份时谓语动词为单数。

1) The worker and the writer ____ (be) from Beijing.

2) The worker and writer ____ (be) from Beijing.

2. 当主语是class, family, army, team, audience, government, public等集合名词时,如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调该集合名词里边的个体成员,谓语动词用复数形式。The group _____ (be) made up of nine students. The group ____ (be) dancing happily. ★但people, police, cattle等作主语时谓语只能用复数。

3. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。

All of the apples ______ (be) rotten. All of the apple _______ (be) rotten.

4. …几分之几/ 百分之几+of +名词单数+ 谓语单数

…几分之几/ 百分之几+of +名词复数+ 谓语复数

Three-fifths of money ______ (have) been used up.

Two thirds of the students _______ (be) girl students.

70% of the earth surface _______ (be) covered by water.

5. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means方式, works工厂, deer鹿, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。

Not every means ______ (be) useful. Not all means ______ (be) useful.

6.一些总是以复数出现, 成双成对的事物如trousers, shoes, glasses, gloves 等,如果单独出现, 谓语用复数;如果前面有a / this / that pair of 修饰, 谓语用单数.

The trousers _________ (be) mine. This pair of trousers _______ (be) mine.

就近原则

1. 用连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接并列主语时,谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。

Not only the students but also the teacher ________ (enjoy) listening to the music.

Not only the teacher but also the students _________ (enjoy) listening to the music.

2. there be/ here be 句型也适用于就近原则。

Here (be) a letter and a book for you.

There (be) three chairs, two tables and a bike in the house.

―就远原则‖

with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词一般和前面的主语保持一致。

The teacher, together with his students, _____ (be) planting trees in the street.

定语从句中的主谓一致

one of the+ n.+ 定语从句-复数谓: He is one of the students who ______ (be) modest.

the only one of the + n.+ 定语从句-单数谓语:

He is the only one of the students who _______ (be) modest.

2014届高三英语语法专项测试——名词Class ______ Name _______ No ____ Mark ____ 一、中译英。

1. 明天的报纸____________________________

2. 他哥哥家______________________________

3. 孩子们的新书包__________________________

4. 中国教育______________________________

5. 一条好消息_____________________________

6. 一群鹿________________________________

7. 小明的几个同学___________________________

8. 二十分钟的车程___________________________

9. 一张我父亲的照片 _________________________

10. 我的物理老师__________________________

11. 三双新鞋_____________________________

12. 几百辆自行车__________________________

13. 一些有用的信息________________________

14. 屋子的门_____________________________

15. 几把小刀_____________________________

16. 一张世界地图_______________________

17. 儿童节_________________________

18. 许多德国人________________________________

19. 上海的天气_____________________________

20. 一个五米深的洞__________________________

初中英语语法大全——名词

初中英语语法大全——名词 一、名词概述 1.名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语中的名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分;有其所有格形式;在句子中通常做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语等。 2.名词的分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词与集体名词多数是可数名词,而物质名词与抽象名词多数是不可数名词。

二、名词的数 名词按照其可数性可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以直接计算数目的名词。个体名词和集体名词多数是可数名词;不可数名词是指无法直接用数目计算的词。物质名词和抽象名词多数是不可数名词。 1.可数名词的数 在英语中,可以直接用数字进行计算的名词是可数名词,不能直接用数字进行计算的名词是不可数名词。通常个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,视为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词往往指泛指的物质或者抽象的概念,不能用具体的数字来表示,视为不可数名词。专有名词往往只指一个人或物,因此没有必要再用具体的数字来修饰,一般也视为不可数名词。

eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式 可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:

(完整版)初中英语语法专项代词练习及答案

初中英语语法代词专项练习 —————人称代词、物指代词 (1)按要求写出下列代词的形式 1、I(宾格)________ 2、he(形容词性物主代词)________ 3、us(主格)________ 4、they(宾格)________ 5、she(宾格)________ 6、you(名词性物主代词)________ 7、it(宾格)________ 8、my(复数)________ 9、him(复数)________ 10、he(形容词性物主代词)________ 11、we(单数)________ 12、they(名词性物主代词)________ 13、I(反身代词)________ 14、you(反身代词)________ 15、she(反身代词)________ 16、he(反身代词)________ 17、it(反身代词)________ 18、I(反身代词)________ (2)选出括号中正确的词,在正确的词上打勾。 1. This is(my / I)mother. 2. Nice to meet (your / you). 3.(He / His)name is Mark. 4. What’s(she / her)name? 5. Excuse(me / my / I). 6. Are(your / you)Miss Li? 7.(I/ My)am Ben. 8.(She / Her)is my sister. 9. Fine , thank(your / you). 10. How old is (he / his)? (3)用所给代词的正确形式填空 1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _______( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary. 5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America. 6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students. 7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom _________( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ). 10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher. (4)填上正确的人称代词和物主代词 1._____ is my friend. 他是我的朋友。 2. My dog likes _____. 我的狗喜欢她。 3. Who is there? It’s _____.是谁啊?是我。 4. Come with _____. 跟我来。 5. ______ classroom is bigger than ____. 你们的教室比我们的要大。 6. _____ are Chinese. 我们是中国人。 7.I want to buy some balloons for ______. 我想买些气球送给他。 8. These are ______ photos. 这些是我们的照片。 9. _____ like ______ very much. 他们非常喜欢它。 10. Let _____ give _____ a book. 让我给你一本书。

初中英语语法--名词专题(含练习)

名词(一) 一、名词的概念:在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物,它们都有自己的称呼,我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词,概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。 二、名词的分类: 1.专有名词:它的第一个字母通常大写。 a. 人名、地名、国名等例如:Lucy, Shanghai, China b.组织、团体、机构等例如: the United Nations c.语言、星期、月份等例如:English, Friday, March (注意介词in/on/at的用法) 注意:国家与人的对应 China----- Chinese America---- American(s) Australia---- Australian(s) Canada---- Canadian(s) Japan---- Japanese Germany---- German(s) France----Frenchman(Frenchmen) GB----Englishman(Englishmen) 2.普通名词: (1)不可数名词:不可以直接以数字计算的名词。例如:snow, air, water, rice, paper, work, news(新闻),food, rain, weather, juice, milk, meat, money ,English, fruit , information … 不可数名词要表示具体数量,必须借助of短语。如不能说one bread,但是可以说one piece of bread和two pieces of bread。 只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语: little很少的(表示否定);a little一些(表示肯定),much(许多),how much (多少),a bit of(一些) 既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语:some(一些,用于肯定句), any(一些,用于否定和疑问句)a lot of (许多), lots of(许多) ★不可数名词量的表示方法:计量词+of 例如:a piece of news a cup of tea a piece of bread two pieces of news two cups of tea two pieces of bread 注意:a bag of apples

英语语法基础入门

英语基础语法知识(一) 第一节词类和句子成分 一、词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词类(parts of speech)。 英语的词通常分为十大类,即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。现分别叙述如下: (一)名词 名词(noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如: foreigner外国人 soap 肥皂Newton牛顿 law 法律freedom自由peace和平 英语名词可分为两大类: < 1。普通名词(common noun)是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: teacher教师 market市场rice大米 magazine杂志sound声音production生产 2。专有名词(proper noun)是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须 大写。例如: Hemingway海明威 Russia 俄罗斯 New York 纽约 United Nations联合国 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s或-es。例如: shop→shops商店 bus→buses 公共汽车 library→libraries图书馆

toy→toys玩具leaf→leaves树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如: man→men男人tooth→teeth牙齿datum→data数据 有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则,请参阅有关的英语语法书。 (二)冠词 冠词(article)放在名词之前,帮助说明该名词所指的对象。冠词分为不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种。 不定冠词为a/an,用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。a用在以辅音开头的名词之前,an用在以元音开头的名词之前。例如: a hotel 一家旅馆 a chance 一次机会 a double room一个双人间 a useful book一本有用的书 an exhibition一次展览an honest man一个诚实的人 冠词只有一个,既the,表示某一类人或事物中特定的一个或一些。可用于单数或复数名词前,也可用于不可数名词前。例如: · the TV programs那些电视节目 the house那座房子 the Olympic Games奥运会 (三)代词 代词(pronoun)是用来指代人或事物的词。代词包括: 1。人称代词,如:I, you, they, it等; 2。物主代词,如:my, his, their, our, mine, hers等; 3。反身代词,如:myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself等; 4。相互代词,如:each other, one another等; 5。指示代词,如:this, that, these, those, such, same等;

初中英语语法知识—名词的专项训练答案(5)

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(完整word版)英语语法基础入门

英语基础语法知识 第一节词类和句子成分 一、词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词类(parts of speech)。 英语的词通常分为十大类,即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。现分别叙述如下: (一)名词 名词(noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如: foreigner外国人soap 肥皂Newton牛顿 law 法律freedom自由peace和 平 英语名词可分为两大类: 1。普通名词(common noun)是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: teacher教师market市场rice大 米 magazine杂志sound声音production生产 2。专有名词(proper noun)是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须 大写。例如: Hemingway海明威Russia 俄罗斯 New York 纽约United Nations联合国 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s或-es。例如:

shop→shops商店bus→buses 公共汽车library→libraries图书馆 toy→toys玩具leaf→leaves树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如: man→men男人tooth→teeth牙齿datum→data数据 有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则,请参阅有关的英语语法书。 (二)冠词 冠词(article)放在名词之前,帮助说明该名词所指的对象。冠词分为不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种。 不定冠词为a/an,用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。a用在以辅音开头的名词之前,an用在以元音开头的名词之前。例如: a hotel 一家旅馆 a chance 一次机会 a double room一个双人间 a useful book一本有用的书 an exhibition一次展览an honest man一个诚实的人 冠词只有一个,既the,表示某一类人或事物中特定的一个或一些。可用于单数或复数名词前,也可用于不可数名词前。例如: the TV programs那些电视节目the house那座房子 the Olympic Games奥运会 (三)代词 代词(pronoun)是用来指代人或事物的词。代词包括: 1。人称代词,如:I, you, they, it等; 2。物主代词,如:my, his, their, our, mine, hers等; 3。反身代词,如:myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself等; 4。相互代词,如:each other, one another等; 5。指示代词,如:this, that, these, those, such, same等;

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